Lecture-1-古希腊罗马神话-英文版-教学课件.ppt

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1、Lecturer: Peng Xiaoling (彭晓玲),Mythology,Roman,Classical Greek and,Lecturer: Peng Xiaoling (彭晓玲)M,3. Final exam: 50%,participation: 40%,2. Class,10%,1. Class attendance:,Evaluation:,Requirement and Evaluation,after class,3. Extensive reading,class,participation in the,2. Active,attendance,1. Punctual

2、,Requirement:,3. Final exam: 50%particip,About the Course,Course Description Recommended Reading,About the Course Course Descri,Course Description,Greek and Roman mythology one of the three origins of western culturehaving enormous influence upon western literature, arts, astronomy, social lifeThere

3、fore, there is some truth in the saying that without certain knowledge of Greek and Roman mythology, one can never fully understand and appreciate western culture. (eg. literature, arts, character),Significance of the Course,Course DescriptionGreek and Ro,Language,chaoticmartialPrometheanunder the a

4、egis ofJupiter laughs at lovers perjuries.Far from Jupiter, far from thunder.Without Ceres and Bacchus, Venus grows cold.,Languagechaotic,Literature,Shakespeare (1564-1616)Troilus and Cressida (tragedy)Venus and Adonis (poem),LiteratureShakespeare (1564-16,Literature,Shelley (1792-1822)Prometheus Un

5、boundHymn of ApolloHymn of PanAdonis,LiteratureShelley (1792-1822),KeatsEndymionOde to Psyche,James JoyceUlysses(Odyssey),B. ONeillMourning Becomes Electra(Oresteia),Literature,George Bernard Shaw Pygmalion,KeatsJames JoyceB. ONeillLite,原型理论(Myth Archetype Theory )Plato (427-347 BCE) discussed his F

6、orms, postulating that all objects have an ideal form or structure. In particular, he taught that these Forms werepure or perfect objects of mathematical or other conceptual knowledge.He felt that these pure forms existed only in the realm of knowledge and never in the reality of human everyday exis

7、tence.Individual things in the realm of appearance arebeautifulonly insofar as they participate in, correlate with, or approach in structure theseuniversal Forms of Beauty.,原型理论(Myth Archetype Theory ),原型理论(Myth Archetype Theory )Karl Jung (1875-1961) took the concept of Platos Forms further andpres

8、ented his ownTheory of Archetypes.In Jungian Psychology an Archetype is an unconscious idea, pattern of thought, image, etc., inherited from the ancestors of the race and universally present in individual psyches.In simpler terms we could basically refer to an archetype as an instinct.That is, in es

9、sence, an instinctual idea, pattern of thought, image, etc., inherited from the ancestors of the race and universally present in individual psyches.We now believe that the image of the ideal human faceis indeed an Archetype; asubconscious imagewhich we are born with and carry throughoutour lives.,原型

10、理论(Myth Archetype Theory ),This archetype has evolved in order to help us identify members of our own species and further sort members of our species according to their relative health and ability to successfully reproduce and to provide other resources to us and those who are close to us. So they t

11、hink the structural element of literature is myth, and it is myth that forms the archetype symbol of different literature types.,This archetype has evolved i,1、女性神话原型,前俄林波斯神系 2、男性神话原型俄林波斯神系,1、女性神话原型前俄林波斯神系,3、英雄原型,希腊神话以很大篇幅讲述英雄的故事。形成西方文学史的英雄主题： 希腊神话英雄中世纪骑士英雄文艺复兴贵族英雄17世纪古典英雄19世纪前期平民英雄19世纪后期心理实验英雄20世纪现

12、代反英雄,3、英雄原型希腊神话以很大篇幅讲述英雄的故事。,4、漂流原型,奥德修斯的故事开创西方文学的旅程文学传统。 奥德赛埃涅阿斯纪中世纪骑士的旅程传奇神曲旅程小说堂吉诃德鲁滨逊漂流记巨人传哈克贝利芬历险记20世纪漫游小说,4、漂流原型奥德修斯的故事,5、寻找原型,伊阿宋寻找金羊毛 古希腊神话寻找金羊毛中世纪骑士传奇寻找圣杯文艺复兴时期巨人传寻找神瓶，流浪汉小说寻找父亲和争取生存权利19世纪俄国文学探求真理，寻找出路，托尔斯泰战争与和平安娜卡列尼娜复活20世纪文学寻找自我和寻找精神理想(美)索尔贝娄 雨王亨德森,5、寻找原型伊阿宋寻找金羊毛,6、父子冲突原型,俄狄浦斯王杀父娶母 父子冲突原型构

13、成西方文学史的父亲主题，反映父权文化权威与反权威之间的矛盾冲突。古希腊神话子夺父位，杀父娶母莎士比亚哈姆雷特17世纪戏剧嘲笑、讽刺父亲，莫里哀伪君子19世纪嘲笑、仇视父亲，司汤达红与黑，巴尔扎克高老头20世纪文学报复追杀父亲，如法国罗伯-格里耶橡皮,6、父子冲突原型俄狄浦斯王杀父娶母,7、母子冲突原型,俄瑞斯特斯杀母（阿伽门农的二女儿厄勒克特拉仇恨母亲杀死了父亲，鼓动弟弟俄瑞斯特斯杀死母亲）厄勒克特拉情结古希腊神话母恨子、子杀母哈姆雷特怨恨母亲20世纪文学的畸形母爱，英国劳伦斯儿子与情人哈姆雷特母子冲突.asx,7、母子冲突原型俄瑞斯特斯杀母（阿伽门农的二女儿厄勒克特拉仇,8、两性冲突原型,美

14、狄亚对丈夫伊阿宋的报复两性冲突原型形成西方文学史上的弃妇主题和平权主题。古希腊神话两大神系矛盾文艺复兴女性智慧的故事 薄伽丘十日谈18世纪英国笛福摩尔弗兰德斯19世纪傲慢与偏见简爱娜娜安娜卡列尼娜玩偶之家20世纪英国劳伦斯小说美狄亚复仇.asx,8、两性冲突原型美狄亚对丈夫伊阿宋的报复,二 希腊神话原型,神话原型内容性质女性神话原型前俄林波斯神话女性在审美层面和,Saturn: God of agriculture and father of Jupiter,Astronomy,Saturn: God of agriculture and,Ursa Major,Constellation,Ur

15、sa MajorConstellation,Ursa Minor,Constellation,Ursa MinorConstellation,Lyra,Constellation,LyraConstellation,Hercules,Constellation,HerculesConstellation,Orion,Constellation,Orion Constellation,Arts,Da Vinci, 1506,a 16 C. copy after a lost painting by Michelangelo, 1530 (National Gallery, London),Led

16、a and the Swan,ArtsDa Vinci, 1506a 16 C. copy,Arts,Jacopo Carucci Pontormo 1512-13 意大利佛罗伦萨乌斐兹美术馆.jpg,大理石雕塑 希腊古典时期,ArtsJacopo Carucci Pontormo 15,Apollo ProgramPoseidon SubmarineTrident I & II missile,Other Aspects,Apollo ProgramOther Aspects,Recommended Reading,希腊罗马神话一百篇（英汉对照）陶洁等选译，中国对外翻译出版公司 1989古希

17、腊神话（英汉对照）折鸿雁译，西北工业大学出版社 1999希腊罗马神话（英文）常耀信编注，外语教学与研究出版社 1981古希腊罗马神话（中英文）托马斯布尔芬奇著；贾雪译，中国书籍出版社 2013希腊神话中的主神 （英文）毛立群，黎凡编著，复旦大学出版社 2009希腊古典神话（中文）(德)古斯塔夫施瓦布著；曹乃云译，译林出版社，1995,Recommended Reading希腊罗马神话一百篇（英,Introduction to Mythology,Introduction to Mythology,What is Mythology,MythsFairy TalesFables,后羿射日,黄帝的

18、故事,大禹治水,What is MythologyMyths后羿射日黄帝的故,Commonplace Definition,stories of a particular culture that it believes to be true and that feature a specific religious or belief systema collection of stories belonging to a group of people, which addresses their origin, history and heroesthe projection of hu

19、man images into the infinite unknown; or, the expression of religious meaning through stories and symbols,Commonplace Definitionstories,Basic Points,Mythology is the primitives childish understanding of the world and life.Mythology is the combination of primitive life and primitive religion.Mytholog

20、y is handed down orally from generation to generation.,Basic PointsMythology is the p,ZeusHeraAthenaApolloArtemisAphroditeAresHephaestusHermesDemeterDionysusPoseidonHadesPersephoneEros,JupiterJunoMinerva ApolloDianaVenusMarsVulcanMercuryCeresBacchusNeptunePlutoProserpinaCupid,宙斯赫拉雅典娜阿波罗阿耳特弥斯阿弗洛迪特阿瑞斯

21、赫菲斯托斯赫尔墨斯德墨特耳狄俄尼索斯波塞冬哈得斯珀耳塞福涅厄洛斯,朱庇特朱诺密涅瓦阿波罗迪安娜维纳斯马尔斯伏尔甘墨丘利克瑞斯巴克斯涅普顿普路同普洛塞庇娜丘比特,ZeusJupiter宙斯朱庇特,The Olympians,The Olympians,Zeus zju:sHera hirAthena i:nApollo pluArtemis :timisAphrodite .frdaitiAres ri:zHephaestus hifi:stsHermes h:mi:zDemeter dimi:tDionysus .dainaissPoseidon psaidnHades heidi:zPers

22、ephone p:sefniEros ers,Jupiter du:pitJuno du:nuMinerva min:vApollo pluDiana dainVenus vi:nsMars m:zVulcan vlknMercury m:kjuriCeres siri:z Bacchus bksNeptune neptju:nPluto plu:tuProserpina prs:pinCupid kju:pid,Zeus zju:sJupiter du:pit,Teaching Plan,Final Exam: in Week 16 (not finally decided),of Odys

23、seus (3 classes),Part IV: The Adventures,classes),Part III: The Trojan War (3,mythology (5 classes),Part II: Heroes in,mythology (3 classes),Part I: The gods in,Teaching PlanFinal Exam: in,坦巨神与其他次要神祗),gods and goddesses (提,3. The Titans and other,林匹斯诸神),2. The Olympian Gods (奥,wars in the heaven,(众神

24、的起源) and the two,1. The origin of the gods,mythology (众神),Part I: The gods in,The 1st Lecture,坦巨神与其他次要神祗)gods and goddes,混沌（男神）黑夜之神（女神）大地女神（女神）库克罗普斯独眼十,The origin of the gods,called the Titans. (提坦巨神),producing children who were,Gaea mated with Uranus,and heaven. (天神乌拉诺斯),who became king of the sky,

25、to Caelus (Uranus/Ouranos),Gaea immediately gave birth,(Gaea), the earth. (地母该亚),From Chaos came Terra,all things (混沌之神),the god Chaos: the source of,The origin of the gods cal,(天王星, 太阳系第七大行星),Caelus (Uranus),Terra (Gaea),Chaos,The origin of the gods,(天王星, 太阳系第七大行星)Caelus (Uranus),was born.,love, be

26、auty and fertility (多产),Aphrodite, goddess of sexual,From the bloody foam (泡沫),into the sea.,sexual organs and threw them,sickle (镰刀) and cut off his,Cronus attacked him with a,prevented them from being born.,Caelus feared his children and,in Roman Myth 萨图恩,土星),and most important Titan (Saturn,Cronu

27、s (克洛诺斯): the youngest,The 1st War,was born.love, beauty and,their birth.,Poseidon, immediately after,Demeter, Hera, Hades, and,five children Hestia, But he swallowed his first,sons.,three daughters and three,(Rhea瑞亚), who bore him, He married his sister Ops,and became king of the sky.,Titans from i

28、nside Terra, Cronus then freed the other,The 2nd War,Th,their birth.Poseidon, immediat,while inside their father.,who had grown into adults,Cronus to vomit his children, By using a trick, he caused,challenge his father., After he grew up, he returned to,baby on the island of Crete.,baby clothes, whi

29、le hiding the,Cronus a stone wrapped in,was born, Ops (Rhea) handed, However, when the sixth, Zeus,Zeus,while inside their father.who,there became known as Olympians.,The gods and goddesses who lived,Olympus, in northern Greece.,ruler and lived with them on Mount,Then Zeus was chosen as their,洛斯,冥界的

30、最深处).,deep within the Underworld (塔耳塔,Titans to Tartarus, a dark region,They won the war, driving the,Titans.,a war against Cronus and the other,Zeus led his brothers and sisters in,The 2nd War,Th,there became known as Olympi,interment: (-ment) 埋葬，葬礼,inter: (in-入内, ter = terr) 入土，埋葬,terrestrial: (-i

31、al 的) 地球上的，陆上的,的，地中海,Mediterranean: (medi-中间) 被陆地包围,田,terrace: (-ace名词后缀) 平台，阳台梯,exterritorial: (ex-外) 治外法权的,territorial: (-al的) 领土的,territory: (-ory名词后缀) 领土，领地,terr = earth, land 表示“土地”,Terra: 地母,Vocabulary,chaos 混乱，混沌（宇宙未形成前的情形,interment: (-ment) 埋,and peace of Romes mythical Golden Age.,Saturn, f

32、or it appears to evoke the prosperity,the Saturnalia is an appropriate festival to,of gift giving, feasting, and merriment. Indeed,celebrated during the winter, and it was a time,Saturn - the Saturnalia. This festival was,There was even a Roman festival named after,agriculture.,was thought of as a g

33、od of fertility and,how to farm the land. For this reason Saturn,agriculture to his people by teaching them,According to the myth, Saturn introduced,下劳动，受到主人的殷勤招待。,日在冬至前后，罗马人纵情欢庆，奴仆和长工们停,那里成了农神撒图恩，他的节日被称作农神节。节,按照罗马神话传说,克洛诺斯逃到意大利地界，在,Saturn: Saturday,Vocabulary,and peace of Romes mythical,The Olympia

34、n Gods（奥林匹斯诸神）The Olympians were 12 in number.Zeus(宙斯): the god of the sky. Hera(赫拉): the goddess of marriage and childbirth.Poseidon(波塞冬): the god of the sea,protector. Hades(哈迪斯): the god the dead andwealth.Hestia(赫斯提亚): the goddess of the Hearth(灶台).Ares(阿瑞斯): the god of war.Hermes(赫尔墨斯): the god

35、 of thieves and commerce. Hephaestus(赫斯菲托斯): the god of fire and the forge(熔炉). Apollo(阿波罗): the god of light.Artemis(阿尔忒弥斯): the goddess of chastity,virginity,the hunt, the moon,and the natural environment. Athena(雅典娜): the Greek virgin goddess of reason, intelligent activity,arts and literature.Ap

36、hrodite(阿弗洛狄德): the goddess of love,desire and beauty.,The Olympian Gods（奥林匹斯诸神）,Zeus. -波塞冬,earthquakes; brother of,God of the sea and,Poseidon (Neptune 尼普顿):,protector of married women.,marriage and childbirth;,the gods; goddess of,Hera (Juno 朱诺): Queen of,his sister Hera.,of the gods, married with

37、,Zeus (Jupiter 朱庇特): Ruler,number.,The Olympians were 12 in,),The Olympian Gods (,Zeus. -波塞冬earthquakes; bro,B. lustful and lecherous,mercy,A. the god of justice and,Two very different images:,树) were sacred to him.,The eagle and the oak tree (橡,thunderbolt (闪电).,weapons were thunder and,As a sky an

38、d weather god, his,knowing,Zeus: all-powerful and all-,Zeus,B. lustful and lecherousme,(Heracles).,and to Alcmene as her own husband,Danae as a shower of gold (Perseus),(twins: Helen and Polydeuces), to,(three sons), to Leda as a swan,He came to Europa as a white bull,he frequently disguised himself

39、.,When he approached mortal women,Artemis, Hermes, and Dionysus.,became the father of Athena, Apollo,In his affairs with the former, he,goddesses and mortal women.,numerous love affairs with,As a faithless husband, he has,Zeus: the universal lover,(Heracles).and to Alcmene,Pluto (冥王星),Naptune (海王星),

40、Uranus (天王星),Saturn (土星),Jupiter (木星),Mars (火星),Earth (地球),Venus (金星),Mercury (水星),solar system:,Nine planets of the,格,词形容圣诞老人的性,心情快活的，常用该, jovial: 脾气随和的，,调),By Jove! (表惊讶或强, Jove: Jupiter 的别称，,威严、高傲或冷峻的, olympian: 如天神般,Vocabulary,Pluto (冥王星)Naptune (海王星)Uranus,Hera: a furious and revengeful wife,H,

41、companion, bore Ares and Hebe.,5. Hera - became his permanent,and Artemis.,4. Leto - bore the twins, Apollo,who became the Muses.,3. Titaness - bore nine children,Eunomia, Horae, and Fates.,2. Themis - bore Dike, Eirene,wife and she bore Athena.,1. Metos (wisdom)- was his first,bore him many childre

42、n.,Zeus had a number of wives who,Hera: a furious and reve,with 100 eyes to watch over her.,gift and then ordered Argus, a giant,young cow, but Hera asked for it as a,Zeus changed her into a beautiful,was turned out of the palace.,began to have horrible dreams and she,When Zeus fell in love with her

43、 she,of Argos (阿耳戈斯国王的女儿).,Io (伊娥): the daughter of Inachus, king,Zeus mistresses and their children.,She bitterly hated and cruelly treated,married Heracles.,fire; Hebe, goddess of youth, who,of war; Hephaestus (Vulcan), god of,Her children included Ares (Mars), god,protector of married women,Hera:

44、 the goddess of marriage and the,Hera: a furious and revengeful wife,with 100 eyes to watch ov,Epahus, the ancestor of many kings.,In Egypt, Io gave birth to a son,woman.,where Zeus changed her back into a,earth, until she found peace in Eygpt,Io and forced her to wander over the,But the gadfly cont

45、inued to torment,and killed the giant.,closed, Hermes produced a sword,After he fall asleep with all his eyes,began to play his lyre.,Hermes came close to him, and,Zeus sent Hermes to kill Argus.,to sting her continuously.,Besides, she also sent a gadfly (牛虻),Heras revenge,Epahus, the ancestor of ma

46、n,time for it to be born.,Dionysus and hid him in his thigh (大腿) until it was,However, Zeus was able to rescue her unborn child,burned to ashes by the lightning from him.,Then as she gazed at Zeus in all his glory, she was,he was very sad, but could not break his promise.,But when he was told what s

47、he wanted him to do,“Could you do me a favor?”,magnificence.,ask Zeus to visit her in the form of a god with all his,form of a human being, she persuaded Semele to,Hera was jealous of the love affair and taking the,with a child by Zeus.,Harmonia, king and queen of Thebes, was pregnant,Semele (塞墨勒),

48、the daughter of Cadmus and,Heras revenge,time for it to be born.Dio,Januarius演变而来的。,位守护神的拉丁文名字,语1月January，便是由这,“朱诺之月”,一个月的月名很有意义。英, June: 源于Juno, 意为,他的名字作为除旧迎新的第,气度不凡的女人,与开始未来，人们认为选择,些雍容华贵、仪态万方、,眺望未来。象征着结束过去, Junoesque: 用以修饰那,副脸，一副回顾过去，一副,卢斯的守护神，生有前后两,材高大、相貌端庄的女人。,在罗马传说中，有一名叫雅, Juno一般被描绘成一个身, Januar

49、y: 1月,Vocabulary,Januarius演变而来的。位守护神的拉丁文名字语1月Ja,演变而来。,丁文April即开花的日子,中一个显赫贵族的姓氏。,季节。英文4月April便由拉,Junius可能是个代拉丁家族,地回春,鲜花初绽的美好,演变而来。也有学者认为, April: 罗马的4月,正是大,月June便由这位女神的名字,Junius来命名6 月。英语6,献给她,以她的名字拉丁文,而来的。,是由这位战神的名字演变,对她十分崇敬,便把6月奉,育和保护妇女的神。古罗马,月名。英语3月March,便,是众神之王后,又是司管生,战神的拉丁名字作为3月的, June: 罗马神话中的朱诺,斯

50、 (Mars),人们便把这位,季节。为了纪念战神玛尔,惯,3月是每年出征远战的,这位女神的名字演变而来。,开始。另外,按照传统习,命名5月,英文5月May便由,人仍然把3 月看做是一年的,便用她的名字拉丁文Maius,来的1月变成3月,但罗马,为了纪念这位女神,罗马人,凯撒大帝改革历法后,原,雅专门司管春天和生命。,月,新年的开始, March : 3月,原是罗马旧历法的1 May: 罗马神话中的女神玛,Vocabulary,演变而来。丁文April即开花的日子,中一个显赫贵族的姓氏。,terraneous, terramycin,superterrene, terrain,subterran