lecture1词语的翻译课件.ppt

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1、翻译理论与实践（上）,Lecture 1 词语的翻译,翻译理论与实践（上）Lecture 1 词语的翻译,本章讨论内容,隐喻的翻译四字短语的翻译及在翻译中的应用解包袱翻译引申式翻译,2,本章讨论内容隐喻的翻译2,隐喻是文化词汇构成的重要途径,传统语言学认为隐喻是一种修辞手段；认知语言学则视隐喻为人类系统认知世界的主要手段。,3,隐喻是文化词汇构成的重要途径传统语言学认为隐喻是一种修辞手段,Some examples,He left out some minor details when he retold the story. 友谊的桥梁，感情的纽带爱情长跑到达终点,4,空间图示,链接图示,始

2、源终点图示,Some examplesHe left out some,隐喻的形式,灵活多变，可以是一个词，词组，句子或段落。e.g. He hatched a clever scheme. 钉子户，城市生活的脉搏,5,隐喻的形式灵活多变，可以是一个词，词组，句子或段落。5,隐喻表达翻译的常用处理策略,直译（照译原文中的比喻）借用（将原文中的比喻改成地道的译入语中的比喻）直译解释（照译原文中的比喻，但附加一个说明）删除（舍弃比喻，改用普通语言来表达）,6,隐喻表达翻译的常用处理策略直译（照译原文中的比喻）6,直译,前提：译文读者能接受这种直接搬过来的比喻e.g. spend money lik

3、e water be armed to teeth,7,花钱如流水,武装到牙齿,直译前提：译文读者能接受这种直接搬过来的比喻7花钱如流水武装,借用,能有效消除翻译的痕迹，帮助顺畅交流。e.g. a flash in a pan have one foot in the grave spring up like mushrooms,8,昙花一现,风烛残年,如雨后春笋般涌现出来,借用能有效消除翻译的痕迹，帮助顺畅交流。8昙花一现风烛残年如,9,Mr. Smith may serve as a good secretary, for he is as dumb as an oyster. 史密斯先生

4、可以当个好秘书，因为他守口如瓶。,9Mr. Smith may serve as a good,直译解释,既保留原文比喻，又解释其意思；但译文会略显冗长。e.g. The tongue is a fire.,10,口舌如火，火能伤人，口舌亦然。,直译解释既保留原文比喻，又解释其意思；10口舌如火，火能伤,删除,译语中找不到对应的比喻，且比喻价值不大时可采用。e.g. Wall Street is a dog-eat-dog place. 华尔街是一个残酷的地方。,11,删除译语中找不到对应的比喻，且比喻价值不大时可采用。11,近年来，世界经济低迷给国际航空运输业的发展蒙上了一层阴影，去年发生的

5、“911”恐怖事件，更是雪上加霜，使国际航空运输业再次遭受重创。,12,has brought hard times,aggravate,近年来，世界经济低迷给国际航空运输业的发展蒙上了一层阴影，去,四字短语的翻译,这种飞机体积不大，价格便宜，无人驾驶。This aircraft is small, inexpensive and pilotless.当时如果逃避决斗，他将在社会上名声扫地。To escape on the duel would mean social ruin for him.,13,四字短语的翻译这种飞机体积不大，价格便宜，无人驾驶。13,中国将始终不渝走和平发展道路。Ch

6、ina will be firmly committed to peaceful development.事实证明，你提出的措施是行之有效的。The measures you have proposed have proved to be effective.,14,中国将始终不渝走和平发展道路。14,今天，中国人民已经拥有一个欣欣向荣的社会主义祖国。Today the Chinese people see a prosperous socialist motherland.,15,今天，中国人民已经拥有一个欣欣向荣的社会主义祖国。15,要集中全国人民的智慧和力量，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发

7、展。We will pool the wisdom and strength of the Chinese people to concentrate on construction and development.,16,要集中全国人民的智慧和力量，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展。,翻译中四字结构的应用,四字结构表意精炼，讲求平衡，琅琅上口。使用恰当，可为译文增色不少。e.g. Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm. 美国人大多数精力充沛，热情奔放。,17,翻译中四字结构的应用四字结构表意精炼，讲求平衡，琅琅上口。使,His speec

8、h was Irish throughout: versatile, witty and occasionally pointed.他的演讲自始至终带有爱尔兰人的风格：洋洋洒洒，妙趣横生，有时犀利深刻。,18,His speech was Irish throughou,The guest was pleased by the distinction but not overwhelmed.来宾对这份殊荣感到高兴，但并未受宠若惊。,19,The guest was pleased by the d,He was struck by her powerful profile, her rich

9、black hair falling freely onto her shoulders, the intensity of her dark eyes.他一下子为她的出众长相所倾倒：披肩长发，乌黑飘逸；一双黑眸炯炯有神。,20,He was struck by her powerful,All the ones we have seen here have for-star abilities with five-star ambitions.我们在这里看到的全都是些眼高手低之辈。,21,All the ones we have seen here,to witness the change

10、 of seasons, of spring and autumn, of winter and summer; and to feel hot and cold, pleasure and pain, beauty and deformity, right and wrong; to be sensible to the accidents of Nature; to consider the mighty world of eye and ear.,练习,to witness the change of,参考译文,我们眼见四季更迭，春去秋来，寒来暑往；我们亲历世态炎凉，快乐悲伤，美丽丑陋，

11、是非短长；我们感受着大自然的风风雨雨，体念着这光怪陆离世界的离合悲欢。,参考译文 我们眼见四季更迭，春去秋来，寒来暑往；我们,解包袱法翻译,英译汉时，某些词语在汉语中搭配不当或难以搭配，这时可采用此种方法。e.g. They tried vainly to blame us for the breakdown in the truce（休战，停火） talk.他们企图把停火谈判破裂归罪于我们，但没成功。,24,解包袱法翻译英译汉时，某些词语在汉语中搭配不当或难以搭配，这,She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking.她以自己高超的厨艺为荣，

12、这情有可原。He crashed down on a protesting chair.他猛地坐到椅子上，压得椅子吱吱作响。,25,She was pardonably proud of he,Jordon cannot politely turn down the invitation to an Arab foreign ministers conference.约旦若拒绝接受（参加）阿拉伯外长会议的邀请，这在礼节上说不过去。,26,Jordon cannot politely turn do,Dawn met him well along the way. It was a pleasa

13、nt uneventful ride.他一早就上路了，这次旅行很愉快，没碰到什么意外。,27,Dawn met him well along the wa,They properly have to be very factual.他们必须实事求是，这是应该的。,28,They properly have to be very,This is a thought-provokingly different explanation.这个解释完全不同，但却很能给人启发。,29,This is a thought-provokingly,引申译法,Key opinion leaders: indep

14、endent experts or drug representatives in disguise?影响舆论的重要领导人物：独立的专家抑或伪装的药物代表？,30,引申译法Key opinion leaders: indep,Clinton as the first black president New Yorker, October 2019 克林顿：第一个亲近黑人的总统,31,Clinton as the first black pre,We want to buy quality steel.我们想买高质量的钢材。the joy of his return由于他回来而有的喜悦,32,W

15、e want to buy quality steel.3,The president now is on a poverty tour.总统正在访问贫困地区。She is on her listening tour of New York.她正在纽约巡回访问，听取群众的意见。,33,The president now is on a pove,Bryant Gumbel is sometimes favorably compared with Ted Koppel.人们有时把布莱恩特甘贝尔和特德考波尔相比，认为甘贝尔更好。,34,Bryant Gumbel is sometimes fav,

16、The so-called critics are only generically mentioned, but not individually mentioned.那些所谓的批评者，传媒提到他们时总是泛泛而指，从来不指名道姓。,35,The so-called critics are only,The areas could be profitably rehabilitated.重建这些地区是有利可图的。,36,The areas could be profitably,the consensus strategies for managing the worlds forests s

17、ustainably既能获得各方同意，又能使全球森林得以可持续生长的管理策略,37,the consensus strategies for m,Men tend to enjoy public, referentially orientated talk, while women enjoy intimated, affectively orientated talk.男人喜欢公开谈论有具体内容的话题，而女人则喜欢两三个人私下交流感情。,38,Men tend to enjoy public, ref,Of humble parentage, he began his working lif

18、e in a shoe factory.由于出身低微，他的第一个工作是在一家制鞋厂。,39,Of humble parentage, he began,With the tree now tall, we get more shade.由于树长高了，我们就有了更多的树荫。Drug-induced disease, heart-breaking news药源性疾病，令人心碎的消息,40,With the tree now tall, we get,Look, we are not tennis people. We wouldnt feel right there. I wouldnt feel

19、 right there.译文1：我们不是打网球的人。我们在那儿会感到不好，我在那儿会感到不好。译文2：我们不是网球圈子里的人。那儿不是我们该去的地方，也不是我该去的地方。,41,Look, we are not tennis people,That doesnt worry me as much as that sullen look, as though shes going to get out a razor.我觉得最可怕的还是她那凶狠的样子，就好像马上要掏出一把剃刀把你宰了似的。,42,That doesnt worry me as much,A number of activiti

20、es will still have to occur before the goods reach the consumer.商品要经过许多环节才能最终到达客户手中。,43,A number of activities will st,The administration was free from corruption. 这届政府没有腐败现象。,44,The administration was free fr,I am pleased to be here to offer a U.S. business perspective on one of todays great qualit

21、y challenges: building a high skill/ high wage workforce.我很高兴能来此介绍一下美国商界对当今我们在素质方面所面临的挑战的看法，这项挑战就是如何建立一支高技术、高薪金的工作队伍。,45,I am pleased to be here to off,Our unique concept was a response to buyer needs, bringing greater reliability, higher-quality output, exceptional user-friendliness and operational

22、 ease.我们唯一的信念就是要适应购买者的需要，生产更可靠的、质量更高的产品，让使用者感到格外好用和操作方便。,46,Our unique concept was a respo,You remind me very much of Lenin, whom I met in this building fifty-two years ago. 我觉得你很像列宁，52年前，我就是在这座大厦里同他见面的。,47,You remind me very much of Len,In fact, one mould can produce many thousands of articles befo

23、re it wears out.事实上，一个模子生产成千上万件产品之后才会用坏。,48,In fact, one mould can produce,All services in business such as gift wrapping, delivery, and credit have some amount of costs associated with them, and these costs must be covered by higher prices.商业中所有的服务诸如礼品包装、送货以及赊帐都有相应的成本，而这些成本要靠较高的价格来弥补。,49,All servic

24、es in business such,The new father wore a proud smile. 刚做了父亲的那个人面带着得意的笑容。Cleverer heads than mine might have seen his drift (动向，趋势).比我聪明的人，才弄得懂他葫芦里卖的是什么药。,50,The new father wore a proud sm,Words once reserved for restroom walls are now common stuff in films, plays, books and even on television.曾经是不登

25、大雅之堂的言语，如今充斥于电影、戏剧、书籍之中，甚至充斥在电视上。,51,Words once reserved for restro,The Major （少校）again pressed to his blue eyes the tips of the fingers that were disposed on the edge of the wheeled chair with careful carelessness.少校用一种精心做出的漫不经心的姿态再次把原来的轮椅边上的指尖按住自己的蓝眼睛。少校的指尖放在轮椅边上，（只见）他故作漫不经心状，再次用指尖按住自己的蓝眼睛。,52,The

26、 Major （少校）again pressed to,He had lived all his life in desert where every cupful of water might be a matter of life and death.他一直在沙漠上生活，这地方每一杯水都得精打细算地用；一杯水可能是生死攸关的事。,53,He had lived all his life in d,A large segment of mankind turns to untrammeled (自由自在) nature as a last refuge from encroaching (侵

27、占，蚕食)technology.许多人都向往回归自然 - 他们躲避现代技术侵害的世外桃源。,54,A large segment of mankind tur,Passion was to go to sleep in the presence of Mrs. General and blood was to change to milk and water. 在杰纳勒尔夫人跟前，一个人的激情会变得麻木，热血也会变成掺了水的牛奶。,55,Passion was to go to sleep in,See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominou

28、s, the news for the next four weeks was never distinct.从那以后的四个星期内，消息时而有所好转，时而又有点不妙，两种情况不断交替出现，一直没有明朗化。,56,See-sawing between partly good,He called my conviction a “victorious defeat”.他把对我的审判结果称为“胜利的失败”。,57,He called my conviction a “vic,Brain drain has been Egypts No.1 concern; as a matter of fact,

29、it has been an epidemic in that area.人才外流一直是埃及的头号问题，实际上，它已经成为那一地区普遍性的严峻问题。,58,Brain drain has been Egypts N,In older canes that have already paired off, dancing reinforces the union its a sort of annual renewal of “vows”.对已有配偶的成年鹤来说，舞蹈会加强相互之间的结合 这成了每年都要举行的一种重温 “山盟海誓”的仪式。,59,In older canes that have alrea,