切削加工新概念-----外文翻译.docx

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1、英文部分ThenewconceptofcuttingprocessingThenowadayscuttingtoolcompanycannotonlybeagainthemanufactureandthesalescuttingtool,inordertosucceed,theymustbeconsistentwiththeglobalizationmanufacturetendencymaintenance,throughenhancestheefficiency,cooperateswiththecustomerreducesthecost.Approachestheinstantaneo

2、usglobalcompetitionafterthisafterNAFTA,theWTOtime,theworldcompanyismakingquicklytothesamefeeling,islighter,acheaperresponse.Inotherwords,theymaketheproductandthecomponentscontaincaninhighspeedunderrevolve,asaresultofthecostpressure,best,islightermoreovermustmakecheaply.Obtainsthesegoalsabestwayisthr

3、oughdevelopsandappliesthenewmaterial,buttheseisnewandtheimprovementmaterialusuallyallwithdifficultyprocesses.Ininthiskindofcommercialpowerandthetechnicaldifficultycombinationisespeciallyprominentintheautomobileandtheaviationindustry,andhasbecomehastheexperiencethecuttingtoolcompanytoresearchanddevel

4、opthedepartmentthemostimportantdrivinginfluence.Forexample,takesthemodularcastirontosaythat,ithasbecometheenginepartandotherautomobiles,theagriculturethematerialwhichseedaybydaywiththeequipmentandinthemachinetoolindustrycomponents.Thiskindofalloyprovidesthelowproductioncostandthegoodmachinecapabilit

5、ycombination.Theyarecheaperthanthesteelproducts,buthasahigherintensityandtoughnesscomparedtothecastiron.Butatthesametimethemodularcastironisextremelywear-resisting,hasfastbreaksbyrubbingthecuttingtoolmaterialthetendency.Inthiswearresistantverygreatdegreebeadluminousbodycontentinfluence.Someknownmodu

6、larcastironbeadluminousbodycontenthigher,itsresistancetowearbetter,moreoveritsmachinabilityisworse.Moreover,themodularcastironporositycausesoffandontocut,thisevenmorereducesthelife.Mayestimatethat,thehighdegreeofhardnessandthehighwear-resistingcuttingmaterialqualitymustconsiderthemodularcastirontheh

7、ighresistancetowear.AndthematerialqualitycontainsextremelyhardTiCinfact(carbonizedtitanium)orTiCN(carbontitaniumnitrides)thickcoatingwhencuttingspeedeachminute300metersprocessesthemodularcastirontoproveusuallyiseffective.Butalongwithcuttingspeedincrease,scrap/Thecuttingtooljunctionplanetemperatureal

8、soisincreasing.Whenhassuchsituation,theTiCcoatingfavorsinhasthechemicalreactionwiththeironandsoftens,morepressuresfunctioninanti-crescentmoonhollowattritioncoating.Undertheseconditions,hopedhasonechemicalstabilitybettercoating,likeA12O3(althoughunderlowspeedwasinferiortoTiChardoriswear-resisting).Th

9、echemicalstabilitybecomesanimportantperformanceperformancedividinglinecomparedtotheresistancetowearthefactor,thespeedandthetemperatureisdecidedinisprocessedthemodularcastironthecrystalgrainstructureandtheperformance.ButusuallythickcoatingofTiCNandTiCoronlyductileironoxidesinthesoilcoatingisappliedto

10、,becausethetodaymajorityofthiskindsareprocessedthematerialthecuttingspeedineachminute150to335metersbetween.Ishigherthaneachminute300meterapplicationsregardingthespeed,thepeopletothiskindofmaterialaresatisfied.Inordertocausethisscopeperformancetobemostsuperior,themountainhighresearchedanddevelopedand

11、haspromotedinviewofmodularcastironprocessingmaterialqualityTX150.Thiskindofmaterialqualityhashardalsotheanti-distortionsubstrate,isveryidealregardingtheprocessingmodularcastiron.Itscoatingtheoxidecompoundcoatingwhichhollowlywearsbythickverywear-resistingcarbontitaniumnitridesandathinanti-crescentmoo

12、n,thetopisthinlayerTiN.ThiskindofcoatingwhichneedsthecenterwarmchemistrygasphasedepositionusingthestateoftheartproductionresistancetowearandtheanticrescentmoonhollowattritionwhichtheCVDcoatingcompletedegreeofhardnessmoreoverthetoughsmoothnessincreases(MTCVD)thecraft.SubstrateZThecoatingcombinationpe

13、rformancegivestheveryhighanti-plasticdeformationandthecuttingedgemicrocollapsestheability,causesittobecomeunderthenormalspeedtoprocessthemodularcastirontheidealmaterialquality.Thecoatingceramicsalsodisplaycaneffectivelyprocessthemodularcastiron.Inthepast,thealuminumoxideceramicsapplicationwhichnotth

14、ecoatingtoughgoodsuchasnitridingsiliconandthesiliconcarbidetextilefiberstrengthenedtheworkpiecematerialchemistryparalysislimit.Todaybutcouldresistthescrapdistortionprocessthroughtheusetohavethehighthermalcoatingcuttingtoollifealreadyremarkablytoincrease.Butcertainearlythisdomainsworkpieceprocessingu

15、sealuminumoxidesspreadthelayercrystalstohavetostrengthentheceramics,todaymostresearchconcentrateintheTiNcoatingnitridingsilicon.Thiskindofcoatingcanremarkablyopenupthetoughgoodceramicstheapplicationscope.Whenmachining,theworkpiecehasprocessedthesurfaceisdependsuponthecuttingtoolandtheworkpiecemakest

16、herelativemotiontoobtain.Accordingtothesurfacemethodofformation,themachiningmaydivideintotheknifepointpathlaw,theformedcuttingtoollaw,thegeneratingprocessthreekinds.Theknifepointpathlawisdependsupontheknifepointtobeoppositeintheworkpiecesurfacepath,obtainsthesuperficialgeometryshapewhichtheworkpiece

17、requests,liketheturningouterannulus,theshapingplane,thegrindingouterannulus,withtheprofileturningformingsurfaceandsoon,theknifepointpatharedecidedthecuttingtoolandtheworkpiecerelativemotionwhichprovidesintheenginebed;Theformedcuttingtoollawabbreviationforming,iswiththeformedcuttingtoolwhichmatcheswi

18、ththeworkpiecefinalsuperficialoutline,ortheformedgrindingwheelandsoonprocessestheformedsurface,likeformedturning,formedmillingandformgrindingandsoon,becauseformsthecuttingtoolthemanufacturequitetobedifficult,thereforeonlyusesinprocessingtheshortformedsurfacegenerally;Thegeneratingprocessnamerollscut

19、smethod,iswhentheprocessingthecuttingtoolandtheworkpiecedounfoldthemovementrelatively,thecuttingtoolandtheworkpiececentrodemakethepuretrundlemutually,betweenbothmaintainsthedefinitetransmissionratiorelations,obtainstheprocessingsurfaceistheknifeedgeinthiskindofmovementenvelope,inthegearprocessingrol

20、lsthetooth,thegearshaping,theshaving,thetophorizontaljadepiecetoothandrubsthetoothandsoontobethegeneratingprocessprocessing.Somemachininghasatthesametimetheknifepointpathlawandtheformedcuttingtoolmethodcharacteristic,likethreadturning.Themachiningqualitymainlyisreferstotheworkpiecetheprocessingpreci

21、sionandthesurfacequality(includingsurfaceroughness,residualstressandsuperficialhardening).Alongwiththetechnicalprogress,themachiningqualityenhancesunceasingly.The18thcenturylaterperiods,themachiningprecisioncountsbythemillimeter;Atthebeginningof20thcentury,machiningprecisionGaoYida0.01millimeter;Tot

22、he50,s,themachiningprecisionhasreachedamicronlevel;The70s,themachiningprecisionenhancesto0.1micron.Theinfluencemachiningqualityprimaryfactorhasaspectsandsoonenginebed,cuttingtool,jig,workpiecesemifinishedmaterials,techniqueandprocessingenvironment.Mustimprovethemachiningquality,musttakethesuitableme

23、asuretotheabovevariousaspects,likereducestheenginebedworkerror,selectsthecuttingtoolcorrectly,improvesthesemifinishedmaterialsquality,thereasonablearrangementcraft,theimprovementenvironmentalconditionandsoon.Enhancesthecuttingspecificationstoenhancethematerialexcisionrate,isenhancesthemachiningeffic

24、iencytheessentialway.Thecommonlyusedhighlyeffectivemachiningmethodhasthehigh-speedcutting,theforcecutting,theplasmaarcheatingcutsandvibratesthecuttingandsoon.Thegrindingspeediscalledthehigh-speedgrindingin45meters/secondabovecuttings.Usesthehigh-speedcutting(orgrinding)bothmayenhancetheefficiency,an

25、dmayreducethesurfaceroughness.Thehigh-speedcutting(orgrinding)requeststheenginebedtohavethehighspeed,thehighrigidity,thehighefficiencyandthevibration-proofgoodcraftsystem;Requeststhecuttingtooltohavethereasonablegeometryparameterandtheconveniencetightway,butalsomustconsiderthesafereliablechipbreakin

26、gmethod.Theforcecuttingreferstotheroughingfeedorcutsthedeepmachininggreatly,usesintheturningandthegrindinggenerally.Theforceturningmaincharacteristicisthelathetoolbesidesthemaincuttingedge,butalsosomeisparallelintheworkpiecehasprocessedsuperficialthevice-cuttingedgesimultaneouslytoparticipateinthecu

27、tting,thereforemayenhancetofeedquantitycomparedtothegeneralturningseveraltimesofevenseveraltimes.Compareswiththehigh-speedcutting,theforcecuttingcuttingtemperatureislow,thecuttingtoollifeislong,thecuttingefficiencyishigh;Theshortcomingisprocessesthesurfacetoberough.Whenforcecutting,theradialdirectio

28、ncuttingforcedeathofaparentisnotsuitablefortoprocessthetallandslenderworkpieceverymuch.Thevibrationcuttingisalongthecuttingtooldirectionoffeed,theattachmentlowfrequencyorthehighfrequencyvibrationmachining,mayenhancethecuttingefficiency.Thelowfrequencyvibrationcuttinghastheverygoodchipbreakingeffect,

29、butdoesnotusethechipbreakingequipment,makestheknifeedgeintensitytoincrease,timethecuttingtotalpowerdissipationcomparedtohasthechipbreakinginstallmentordinarycuttingtoreduceabout40%.Thehighfrequencyvibrationcuttingalsocalledtheultrasonicwavevibrationcutting,ishelpfulinreducesbetweenthecuttingtoolandt

30、heworkpiecefriction,reducesthecuttingtemperature,reducesthecuttingtoolthecoherenceattrition,thustheenhancementcuttingefficiencyandtheprocessingsurfacequality,thecuttingtoollifemayenhance40%approximately.Tolumber,plastic,rubber,glass,marble,graniteandsoonnonmetallicmaterialmachining,althoughissimilar

31、withthemetalmaterialcutting,butusesthecuttingtool,theequipmentandthecuttingspecificationsandsoonhasthecharacteristicrespectively.Thelumberproductmachiningmainlycarriesineachkindofjoinersbench,itsmethodmainlyhas:Thesawcuts,digscuts,theturning,themilling,drillstruncateswiththepolishingandsoon.Theplast

32、icrigidityisworsethanthemetal,theeasybendingstrain,thethermoplasticthermalconductivitytobeinparticularbad,easytoelevatetemperaturetheconditioning.Whencuttingplastic,suitablywiththehigh-speedsteelorthehardalloytools,selectsthesmalltofeedquantityandthehighcuttingspeed,andusescompressedaircooling.lfthe

33、cuttingtoolissharp,theangleisappropriate,mayproducethebelt-shapedscrap,easytocarryoffthequantityofheat.Glass(includingsemiconductingmaterialandsoongermanium,silicon)butdegreeofhardnesshighbrittlenessisbig.Tomethodsandsoonglassmachiningcommonlyusedcutting,drillhole,attritionandpolishing.Tothicknessin

34、threemillimetersfollowingglassplates,thesimplecuttingmethodiswiththediamondorotherhardmaterials,inglasssurfacemanualscoring,theusescratchplacestressconcentration,thenusesthehandtobreakoff.Tothemarble,thegraniteandtheconcreteandsoonthehardmaterialprocessing,mainlyusesmethodsandsooncutting,turning,dri

35、llhole,shaping,attritionandpolishing.Whencuttingtheavailablecircularsawbladeaddsthegrindingcompoundandthewater;Theouterannulusandtheendsurfacemayusethenegativerakethehardalloylathetool,by10-30meter/minutecuttingspeedturning;Drillsaholetheavailablehardalloydrillbit;Thebigstonematerialplaneavailableha

36、rdalloyplaningtoolorrollscutsplaningtoolshaping;Theprecisesmoothsurface,availablethreemutuallyforthedatumtothemethodwhichgrinds,orthegrindingandthepolishingmethodobtains.CuttingtoolinhotstrongalloyapplicationTheaviationprocessingalsochangesrapidly.Forexample,nickelbaseheat-resistingalloylikeseveraly

37、earsagothemostpeoplehadnotheardRene88nowoccupiestotheaircraftenginemanufactureusesthetotalmetalquantity1025%.Hasverygoodshowingandthecommercialreasonregardingthis.Forexample,theseheatstrongalloywillbeabletoincreasetheengineendurancemoreovertopermitthesmallengineworkonthebigairplane,thatwillenhanceth

38、ecombustionefficiencyandreducestheoperationcost.Thesetoughgoodmaterialsalsopresenttheexpenseonthecuttingtool.Theirthermalstabilitycausesontheknifepointthetemperaturetobehigher,thusreducedthecuttingtoollife.Similarly,inthesealloycarbidepelletremarkablyincreasedthefriction,thusreducesthecuttingtoollif

39、e.Asaresultofchangesintheseconditions,canbeverypleasedtohaveprocessedmanytitaniumalloysandnickel-basedalloymaterialsC-2hardmetalalloys,intheapplicationtotodayscuttingedgeofbladetothecrushingandcuttingdepthofthetrenchlinesbadlyworn.Butusingthelatesthigh-temperatureprocessingofsmallparticleshardmetala

40、lloystobeeffective,cutlerylifeimproved,butmoreimportantlytoenhancethereliabilityofapplicationsinhigh-temperaturealloys.Smallparticleshardmetalthantraditionalhardmetalmaterialshighercompressionstrengthandhardness,onlyasmallincreaseintheresilienceofthecost.Andresultedinhightemperaturealloyprocessingth

41、antraditionalhardmetalresistancecommonfailuremodemoreeffective.PVD(physicalgasphasedeposition)coatingalsobycertificateeffectiveprocessingheat-resistingalloy.TiN(titaniumnitrides)thePVDcoatingwasusesandstillwasmostearlymostreceiveswelcome.Recently,TiAlN(nitrogencalorizationtitanium)andTiCN(carbontita

42、niumnitrides)thecoatingalsocouldverygooduse.InthepasttheTiAlNcoatingapplicationscopeandTiNcomparedthelimittobemore.Butafterthecuttingspeedenhancesthemisaverygoodchoice,enhancestheproductivityintheseapplicationstoreach40%.Ontheotherhand,isdecidedunderthelowcuttingspeedincoatingsuperficialoperatingmod

43、eTiAlNcancausetoaccumulatethefilingslumpafterwards,microcollapseswiththetrenchattrition.Recently,usedintheheat-resistingalloyapplicationmaterialqualityalreadydeveloping,thesecoatingbutbecamebyseveralcombinations.Themassivelaboratoriesandthescenetesthasalreadyproventhiskindofcombinationandotheranykin

44、dofsolecoatingcomparesintimetheverywidescopeapplicationisveryeffective.Thereforeaimsattheheat-resistingalloyapplicationthePVDcompoundcoatingpossiblytobecomethefocalpointwhichthehardalloynewmaterialqualityresearchanddevelopmentcontinues.WiththeMTCVDcoating,thecoatingceramicsgatherinthesameplace,theyh

45、opefullybecomeamoreeffectiveprocessingtoresearchanddevelopnewlyaremoredifficulttoprocesstheworkpiecematerialthemainimpactstrength.DryprocessingIncludingtherefrigerantquestionistechnicalandthecommercialexpansionindustrialproductiontendencyanotherdomainwhichthecuttingtoolmakes.NorthAmericaandtheEurope

46、anstrictrefrigerantmanagementrequestandthebiggestthreeautomobilemanufacturerforcesthemthecoresuppliertoobtaintheISO14000authentication(theIS09000environmentmanagementedition),thiscausestherefrigerantprocessingcostrise.Tothecarcompanyandtheircoresuppliersaidobviouslyoneofresponseswhichwelcomeisinthes

47、pecificprocessingapplicationavoidscompletelytherefrigeranttheuse.Thiskinddidtheprocessingthenewworldtoproposeaseriesofchallengesforthecuttingtoolsupplier.Recently,alreadyappearedsometoconcernthistopictopromulgatethespeed,toenterfor,thecoatingchemicalcompositionandotherparametersverysubstantialcompre

48、hensivenatureverystrongusefultechnicalpapers.Wantstoconcentratetheelaborationinheremedoestheprocessingviewpointintheoperationandcommercialmeaningautomobilemanufacturernew.Themetalworkingjobholderscantheverygoodunderstandingrelatedrefrigerantusequestion,butmajoritycannotunderstandconcernsexceptthetec

49、hnicalchallenge(forexamplerowoffilings)besidedoestheprocessingquestioninthecuttingtool-workpiececontactfacebetween.Usuallymayobservetotherefrigerantdisperserscrapwhichflowsout,butthepressuresurpasses3,000pounds/Aninch2highspeedrefrigerantalsocanhelptobreakthefilings,speciallysoftalsothecontinualscrapcancauseinthecuttingtool-workpiececontactfacetrouble.Usesdoesthecuttingcraftthecomponentsresultistheenginebedusesthewettypeprocessingcomponentstobehotterthan.Whetherbeforeyoudoallowthemtosurveyintheopen-airnaturalcooling?Ifproce