托福听力之这6大高分要点缺一不可.doc

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1、托福听力之这6大高分要点缺一不可 托福听力提升要做好哪些事?这6大高分要点缺一不可。今天给大家带来托福听力提升要做好哪些事?这6大高分要点缺一不可，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福听力提升要做好哪些事?这6大高分要点缺一不可1. 概述能力需尽早练好SummarySummary指的是“概述，大意”的意思，具体指的是我们在听到一篇听力材料后所进行的概括。这并不需要我们听懂材料的每一个细节，但是要能够抓住说话人的思路和框架。这个训练对于托福听力至关重要，因为托福听力，尤其是讲座，并不需要我们听懂每一个细节，更重要的是教授讲课的思路和全文的重要细节。很多同学听完一篇听力材料时，

2、问他听到了什么，他只能说出一个又一个零散的单词，这是远远不够的。练习summary的方法很简单，就以托福听力的讲座为材料，一边听一边记笔记，录音结束，然后自己根据大脑的记忆和笔记进行全文重点内容的英文复述，然后再反复，直到练到可以将一篇讲座顺畅的复述出来为止。这样练上几十篇，你对把握听力材料整体的能力就会有极大的提高。2. 听写技巧高分不可缺DictationDictation，也就是听写，它指的是将一篇听力录音中的原文全部听抄下来。为什么要进行听写?因为它是听力提高最有效的方法。为什么听写是听力提高最有效的方法?因为它能将一个人听力中所有细枝末节的问题都暴露出来，然后订正，全部解决掉，这样自

3、然最有效率，也最深刻。那么对于准备托福考试的考生而言，最好的听写材料是什么?是老托的lecture。为什么老托的lecture是最好的听写材料?因为新托是老托的延续，老托和新托在题材、词汇，和难度上都大致相当。当然，如果基础比较薄弱的同学，可以先花一个月的时间将新概念第二和第三册的美英版先听写完，然后再来听写老托的lecture，这样会更加磨刀不误砍柴功。3. 精听训练是基本操作Intensive listeningIntensive listening，指的是精听。所说的“精听”，并不只是指全神贯注地听，当然，这是必须的。我所说的“精听”步骤如下：(1)一边听一边看着原文，手上拿着笔，划出自

4、己不认识或似曾相识但反应不过来的词;(2)录音结束，开始查生词，写在原文的旁边，只需要写这个单词在这篇*的意思就可以;(3)将这篇材料当阅读*快速精读一遍，彻底看懂;(4)再一边看着原文，一边放录音，并且嘴上跟读，反复几遍，一直听到可以不看原文彻底听懂为止。此外，一定要多注意听力中的信号词表示因果关系as a result 、therefore 、since、for 、for this reason 、so、because 、consequently 、as、thus表示序列关系first 、before 、first of all、on the right/left、next、to begi

5、n with、turn right/left 、afterward、meanwhile、second、 last but not least 、for a start、third 、finally、 until、between 、firstly 、subsequently、then 、secondly 、previously、in the middle 、for one thing、 for another、after 、in the first place表示结论as a result、altogether 、finally、in short、therefore 、overall、in su

6、m 、thus、 on the whole、in brief 、accordingly、to conclude、in a word 、consequently、 to sum up、in conclusion、 so 、to summarize表示列举and、in addition to that、one more thing 、whats more 、besides 、too、as well as、for instance 、both and 、together、for example 、further more 、such as、in addition 、likewise、 like、si

7、milarly、moreover表示转折关系although 、by contract 、as a matter of fact、nevertheless 、in contrast 、instead、 however 、while 、otherwise、though、 but 、despite、on the contrary 、on the other hand 、in the same way、in spite of 、yet 、whereas表示强调that is 、in particular、 I mean、namely、 especially、 actually、in other wo

8、rds 、that is to say 、specially、another way of saying、 equally表示定义define, is defined as, known as, that is, the term means, we mean, we can state4. 多做优质泛听有收获High-quality extensive listeningHigh-quality extensive listening，指的是优质的泛听。泛听不用像精听那样每个细节都得突破，只需要把握住整体的语流，听懂说话人的大概意思就可以。而高质量的泛听，指的是必须全神贯注的听。泛听的“泛”

9、并不指态度的懒散，而是针对整体的要求。泛听最佳的材料有两个：一个是National Geographic(国家地理)，另一个是Discovery(探索)。看的时候，一定要有英文字幕。每天看一集，养成习惯，会有极大收获。5. 托福听力训练高分要上难度Challenging materialsChallenging materials，意思是“有挑战性的材料”，指的是备考托福听力，平时听力练习的最高难度一定要超越考试难度，这样在考试的时候才会有居高临下的感觉，稳定地取得好成绩。挑战性的材料有这么几类：第一，美国大学上课的课堂录像或录音，现在很多美国大学已经将自己大学的许多教授的课堂录像放在了互联网

10、上，这是一个极佳的挑战听力难度的材料;第二，巴朗上的试题，一定要做完。另外，如果觉得试题难度低，可以利用软件加两倍速度来做，这样就会超越考试难度。6. 创造英语环境训练潜意识Subconscious listening practiceSubconscious listening practice，意思是“潜意识的听力练习”，它指的是我们要自己为自己创造一个英文的环境，比如早晨一起床，我们就打开音箱播放英语，可以是托福的听力机经材料，也可以是英文广播，也可以是一部英文电影，只要是英文的就行，这样做的好处是我们随时都可以听到英语，这样会在潜移默化中加强我们对英语的敏感。2020托福听力练习：鸟类

11、叫声的特殊顺Humans have always considered themselves special compared with other animals.One reason is the complexity of our languagebounded by unique rules, such as syntax, where we string words together in a specific order to create meaningful sentences.But it turns out a bird may also vocalize with syn

12、tax rulesthe Japanese great tit, a bird thats a close relative of North Americas very own chickadee.Toshitaka Suzuki, of Japans Graduate University for Advanced Studies, has been listening to the calls of the Japanese great tit for the past decade.Suzuki has recorded at least ten alarm calls used by

13、 the bird.These include, known as the ABC call, which alerts other great tits to the presence of a predator, and the D call, which signals the birds to approach the caller.Now Suzuki and his colleagues have found that the great tit uses those calls together to deliver both messages to other birds.An

14、d they found that the order of that call was essentialonly ABC-D made sense to the birds.When the scientists intentionally reversed the order to create a D-ABC call, the birds did not respond.The study is in the journal Nature Communications.“I think the really interesting thing is why the order mat

15、ters, and figuring that out I think will be difficult but also potentially really, really interesting, because itll give a lot of insight.”David Wheatcroft of Swedens Uppsala University, one of the study scientists.“You wouldnt expect sort of naively that it would matter.Obviously it matters in huma

16、n language, the order in which we say things, but its still somehow shocking when you find it in tits.So I think understanding why its the case will be really interesting in the future.”The work could help explain the evolution of the building blocks and structure of our own languages.同其他动物相比时，人类总是认

17、为自己与众不同。其中一个原因就是因为我们语言的复杂性比如语法的独特规则，我们会将单词按照特定的语序串在一起组成有意义的语句。但研究结果表明鸟类的叫声也有自己的句法规则比如北美山雀的近亲，日本大山雀就是这样。在过去10年中，日本高级研究所的铃木俊孝一直从事本国大山雀叫声的研究。铃木已经记录下这种鸟知识10种的警示性叫声。其中包括用以警示其他大山雀这里有捕食者的ABC叫声，还有示意其他鸟可以接近的D叫声。现在铃木和他的同事们发现大山雀也使用这样的叫声向其他同类传递信息。而且他们还发现，叫声的顺序至关重要其他鸟类只能理解ABC-D的叫声。当科学家们将叫声顺序有意改成D-ABC时，这些鸟没有任何回应。

18、这项研究已在自然交流杂志上发表。“我认为真正有趣的地方在于为什么叫声顺序如此重要，而想要揭开这个谜团可能会非常困难，但这将会很有趣，因为这将为我们提供很多帮助”，瑞典乌普萨拉大学的科学家大卫威特克罗夫特说道:“你千万不要天真的以为这不重要。语序在我们人类的语言中具有非凡意义，但是令人吃惊的是大山雀的叫声中也是如此。因此我觉得寻找其中的原因在未来会很有趣。”这项工作可能会帮助我们解释人类语言模块及结构的进化历程。1pare with 比较例句:Compare with the others.和其他人相比。2.turn out 关掉;结果是例句:If I had known my life was

19、 going to turn out like this, I would have let them kill me.如果我早知道自己的人生结局会是如此，我当时宁愿让他们杀了我。3.figure out 想出; 解决例句:It took them about one month to figure out how to start the equipment.他们花了大约1个月的时间才搞清楚如何启动设备。4.human language 人类的语言例句:Linguistics is a branch of study on human language.语言学是人类语言中的一个分枝。2020

20、托福听力练习：珊瑚漂白现象阻碍鱼类学习躲避捕食者In April the world learned that more than 90 percent of Australias Great Barrier Reef had become bleached. That is, warming waters or other conditions cause the algae living in the coral to exit, leaving the coral weak. Its a bleak statistic, because its reasonable to assume

21、that as the corals themselves suffer, the entire ecosystem they support suffers as well.For example, a study finds that bleaching hinders fish from learning to avoid predators.Imagine youre a fish, and suddenly one of your friends meets its unfortunate end in the jaws of a predator.We found that the

22、se animals actually have this really sophisticated way of learning, which involves the linking of chemical alarm cues, which are damage-released cues from conspecifics, and any other smell or even the sight of anything novel. sort of a Pavlovs dog-type scenario.James Cook University marine scientist

23、 Mark McCormick. He and his team found that this learning process breaks down when the coral becomes bleached. Instead of hosting algae within, the bleached coral becomes blanketed by algae.Weve used little patches of live coral and little patches of dead and degrading coral, which have similar topo

24、graphic complexity, and what weve done is we put those little patches within a bed of either live coral or dead and degraded coral.Onto each patch, the researchers deposited a small, naive reef dweller called a damselfish. They wanted to see how the health of the reef influenced the fishs ability to

25、 learn to avoid the odor of a predator called the dusky dottyback. And they found that the presence of degraded coraleven if surrounded by a healthy reefentirely disrupted that learning mechanism.It touches on a really big issue, to some extent a really global issue. So, even though this is actually

26、 dealing with a relatively small aquarium fish, its got life history traits that are very similar to virtually all of the other marine organisms.So, is there anything that can be done to help the worlds reefs and their inhabitants?These communities are going to have to try and rebuild, and they have

27、 really effective mechanisms whereby they can re-seed themselves. But were talking about timescales of really probably 10-15 years to actually get a healthy reef back after really a cataclysmic change.And for that to happen, McCormick says, we need to reduce our CO2 emissions and to stop polluting o

28、ur waterways. In order for things to improve underwater down under.Thanks for a minute for Scientific American 60-Second Science. Im Jason Goldman.今年4月，全世界知道了澳大利亚大堡礁有超过90%的珊瑚出现漂白现象的消息。这是由于温暖的海水和其他条件导致珊瑚排出了共生的藻类，这使珊瑚变得虚弱。这一数字并不乐观，因为我们有理由认为在珊瑚本身遭受破坏的同时，支持珊瑚的整个生态系统同样遭到了破坏。举例来说，一项研究发现，漂白现象对鱼类学习躲避捕食者造成了阻

29、碍。想象一下，假如你是一只鱼，突然你的一个同伴遭遇不幸，命丧捕食者口中。“我们发现，这些动物的学习方式非常复杂，学习过程包括与化学物质相关的警报提示，即同种生物传递出的危险信号和味道，甚至是不同寻常的景象，就像巴甫洛夫的狗这种理论。”这是詹姆斯库克大学的海洋科学家马克麦考密克所说。他和他的团队发现，在珊瑚漂白化以后，这种学习过程就被破坏了。藻类不再生活在珊瑚体内，而是会覆盖住珊瑚。“我们用小块活珊瑚和死后降解的珊瑚进行了实验，它们拥有类似的地形复杂性，我们把这些小块珊瑚放在有活珊瑚或死后降解珊瑚的海底。”研究人员在每块珊瑚上放了一个小“礁民”雀鲷。他们想知道珊瑚礁的健康如何影响鱼类学习躲避捕食

30、者气味的能力。他们发现，降解珊瑚即使处在健康的珊瑚礁中，也会彻底破坏鱼类的学习机制。“这涉及一个非常重要的问题，从某种程度上可以说是全球问题。虽然这只是用相对较小的水族观赏鱼进行的实验，但是实验得出的生活史特征和所有其他海洋生物类似。”有没有什么方法能帮助世界上的珊瑚礁和栖息于珊瑚礁的生物?“这一群体需要重建，它们拥有可以自我修复的高效机制。但是在灾难性变化之后，这些珊瑚恐怕需要10年至15年的时间才能恢复正常。”麦考密克表示，为了让珊瑚恢复健康，我们要减少二氧化碳排放量，停止污染水域的行为。这样才能保证海底的情况得到改善。谢谢大家收听科学美国人60秒科学。我是杰森高曼。重点讲解：1. bre

31、ak down 出毛病，损坏;例句：Her health broke down under the pressure of work.工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。2. touch on 谈及;涉及;例句：The book does not touch on this question.这个问题书里面没涉及到。3. to some extent 在某种程度上;例句：To some extent I hold that opinion of them still.在某种程度上，我仍对他们持同样的看法。4. be similar to 相像的;相仿的;类似的;例句：His stance towards the story is quite similar to ours.他对该报道的态度和我们很相像。托福听力之这6大高分要点缺一不可