托福写作必备热点话题背景词汇整理介绍政治类高频词.doc

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1、托福写作必备热点话题背景词汇整理介绍政治类高频词 托福写作必备热点话题背景词汇整理介绍, 政治类高频词一览，今天给大家带来了托福写作必备热点话题背景词汇整理介绍，希望能够给帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福写作必备热点话题背景词汇整理介绍 政治类高频词一览废除(法律、制度等) vt. abolish实施 vt. implement使合法化 vt. legalize首要任务 n. priority建立 vt. establish减轻、缓解 vt. alleviate =ease =relieve当局 the authorities禁止 vt. forbid/ prohibit立法

2、n. legislation税收 tax revenue民主的 adj. democratic高效率的 adj. efficient优化资源分配 optimize the distribution of res-ources稳定 n. stability解决 vt. Combat = tackle = resolve = address = grapple with严厉的，严格的 adj. stringent短视的 adj. short-sighted支出，花费 n. expenditure社会保险 social security老百姓 n. citizens/ the citizenry规范

3、，管理 v. regulate/ monitor/ oversee严禁 strictly prohibit/ ban altogether严格的法律 stringent laws/ legislation强制性的，按照法律或者规定必须做的 adj. mandatory/ compulsory监督 n. scrutiny监督 v. scrutinize/ monitor为拨款 allocate money to sth./ be a patron of/ invest in/ fund/ dedicate money to sth.预算 n. budget政府开支 the government

4、spending/ expenditure on sth.削减 v. curtail增加 v. augment当务之急 n. priority把当作当务之急 give priority to sth.责任 n. duty/ responsibility/ obligation军备竞赛 n. arms race自卫 n. self-defense国土安全 national security/ homeland security缺乏远见的政策 short-sighted policy扩张 n. expansion/ aggression谋求霸权 seek/ pursue hegemony恶性循环

5、a vicious circle地区不稳定因素 destabilizing factors规章制度 rules and regulations太空竞赛 space race武器 n. arms/ weapons/ armaments下岗工人 laid-off workers/ downsized workers失业 n. unemployment/ joblessness基础设施 n. infrastructure公共交通系统 public transportation/ transit system电网 power grid石油天然气管线 pipelines给排水系统 water suppl

6、y and drainage system民主与开明的政府 a democratic and progressive government临时的应急措施 a stopgap measure托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：advertising tell a lot about a country托福写作难点话题一览Can advertising tell you a lot about a country?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Advertising can tell you a lot abo

7、ut a country. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.写作思路展开结构分析同意这个观点更容易写一些。陈述立场后，说明广告是怎样反映一个国家的历史、文化、以及其他情况的。通过比较来说明更容易写一些，比如：中国，与10年前相比，广告中的女性数量变多了，暴露的程度也提高了。说明人们的观念，以及社会的观念发生了变化。中国与欧美国家相比，中国广告中药物广告数量特别多。说明这方面的法制还有待改善。本话题高分范文赏析Advertising does not mean to educate or illustrate. P

8、rimarily it is a vehicle for business and it aims to sell products. As a result, the information we can gather from looking at advertisings is quite limited. However, the cultural ideas used to sell commodities reveal a societys value system, and from the nature of the advertising and the product it

9、 aims to sell we can draw conclusions as to which social demography might be the most affluent.In order to be most effective an advertising campaign will make use of the cultural values of a country. Obviously, companies will be able to sell more products if a great many people relate to the goods a

10、nd the images used to sell them. For example, in a country like the United States where a great percentage of the population is religious, advertisers use expressions such as heavenly, divine, or revelation, because these have connotations that prospective customers will likely identify with. Simila

11、rly, advertisers will try to employ fashion models who embody a cultures ideals of personal beauty, because attractive men and women will sell more products than unattractive ones.Companies identify social demographics or parts of society that are most likely to buy their products and design their a

12、dvertisings accordingly. For example, teenage girls are more likely to buy mobile phones than retired factory workers. Thus companies will make use of fashion trends in their ads and probably pay a famous pop singer a big chunk of money to endorse their product. If the majority of all advertisings i

13、n a country are geared towards a specific target market or audience, then this part of the population probably has the most financial resources at their disposal.Although we can learn some things about a country by looking at its advertising we have to remember that this knowledge is limited. After

14、all, advertising is only directed at people who have the means to buy consumer goods. Thus advertising does not tell us anything about the overall prosperity or likes and dislikes of a country. Also, advertising not only reflects but also tries to shape and change cultural values. Therefore, it does

15、 not accurately reflect the exact state of a countrys culture.托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：students take classes in subjects托福写作难点话题一览Should students be required to take classes in many subjects or to specialize in one subject?Some universities require students to take classes in many subjects. Other unive

16、rsities require students to specialize in one subject. Which is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.写作思路展开结构分析很难说哪一个比另外一个更好。Its hard to say one is better than the other. 学习范围过于广泛(extensive)可能会导致深度不够(superficial interpretation) 学习范围过于狭窄(limited)可能会导致无知(educated ignorance)

17、 所以，学习应该既保证广度，也要保证深度。事实上，学科之间总是存在着某种这样那样的联系。比如物理学和哲学就两个一定程度上相辅相成(be inseparably interconnected)。折衷的方法是，学校开设很多的选修课。要求学生在学好本专业课程的同时，尽量多地了解其他领域。本话题高分范文赏析Universities that require their students to take classes in many subjects offer a very different educational experience from the universities that enc

18、ourage specialization. As higher education becomes a more accessible commodity students will be able to choose between these two different forms of instruction. The answer to the question of which system is better depends on the students interests and the goals of their studies.Students who complete

19、 a degree at a university which requires them to take classes in many different subjects will receive a well rounded education. Here they will be able to develop their knowledge in different areas, and they will also have the opportunity to find out what their interests really are as they will be ex

20、posed to a variety of fields of study. Therefore, this kind of university is ideal for students who have many interests or dont know what their interests are. Also, students who have an interest in education and consider the possibility of graduate school will be able to gain a broader knowledge bas

21、e before specializing later on in their academic careers. They will be able to pursue education for educations sake and not just to learn a trade. When they try to find work after graduation their versatility will allow them to apply for a wide range of jobs.On the other hand, students who specializ

22、e will have a great advantage over students who dont when it comes to finding a job in their specific field of study. Naturally, companies will be most interested in job applicants who have superior knowledge and can thus make the greatest contributions. At the same time, the specialization system a

23、llows students to focus on their interests and the subjects relevant to them. Students majoring in physics or chemistry would feel very out of place in a course on ancient poetry or Western literature. They might consider it a waste of their time and energy. This might then have a negative effect on

24、 their educational progress in general.托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：Work with a group or independently托福写作难点话题一览Work with a group of people or work independently?Is it more important to be able to work with a group of people on a team or to work independently? Use reasons and specific examples to support y

25、our answer.写作思路展开结构分析这道题没有明显倾向性，因此无论选择哪一边展开都是可以的。的建议是从两种能力都重要的角度来切入。考生可以分别陈述两种能力的重要性并举出一些例子。然后从根据不同的人，不同的工作环境，才会有孰重孰轻之分这样一个相对客观的角度来展开具体论述。本话题高分范文赏析While some people emphasize great importance of cooperation, others argue that the significance of individual competition should not be rejected or negle

26、cted. To examine whether one is more important than the other, we have to look carefully into further details.There are circumstances where the ability to work with group is much more important than that to work independently. More often than not, in most fields, a team can achieve much more extensi

27、ve scope than an individual can, because one has less strength than many have. In team-played sports, such as football, basketball, volleyball, etc. , teamwork is often highly valued and is of essence. To get a goal or make a point, team members have to cooperate with each other, nobody could achiev

28、e without others help. Although individual competence is a must, too much accent on his personal ability will lead him even the whole team to a disaster.On the other hand, there also are inverse circumstances. In vital decision-making, for example, one has to make a final choice with his/her own jud

29、gment. Lets consider the same situation mentioned above, on the very same sports ground, each opposite team has only one and should have only one coach, who must work independently to make important decisions, including which player should be replaced, which player should present on what kind of spe

30、cial circumstances, and so many other critical choices. The coach, like the commander in the war, stands on a position where he/she has to be competitive, and his/her only rival is the coach of the other side. Even if he/she at the same time has to consult with others, it is him/her who takes the fi

31、nal step, and he/she essentially has no choice but to have an excellent ability to work independently.There seldom exists a circumstance where cooperation and competition do not coexist. The point is that emphasis on cooperation doesnt mean competition should be neglected or rejected, and vice versa

32、. Therefore, it hasnt gone too far to say that both the ability of working with group and that of working independently are equally important.托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：build a statue for someone in your country托福写作难点话题一览Whom in your country would you choose to build a statue for?Your city has decided to

33、 build a statue or monument to honor a famous person in your country. Who would you choose? Use reasons and specific examples to support your choice.写作思路展开结构分析这道题目的考点有两个，一个当然是选择哪一位名人来进行展开，另一个则是你对自己的城市到底有多少了解，换句话说，考生不仅要详细说明这位名人的事迹，同时也要把名人和当地的关联性写出来，比如名人是这个城市出身的，或者名人为这个城市做出了哪些贡献等等。这其实就相当于杜绝了很多同学随便扯大旗找

34、一些外国名人来写的思路。本话题高分范文赏析If my city has decided to build a statue to honor a famous person in my country, I would choose a late singer, Teresa Teng. She was born in 1950s, and died of a severe asthma attack at age 41 in May 1995 while holidaying in Chiang Mai, Thailand, triggering an outpouring of grief

35、 among her legions of fans in Asia and elsewhere. During her brilliant stage career, favored by fans all over Asia, she moved millions of people. Her famous songs include sweet, story of small town, and the moon represents my heart, etc. It was said that it was her who introduced several generations

36、 in China to a certain field of popular music.Her songs have accompanied the growth and development of many people in China. In the home of these generations soul, her sweet voice has become immortal beauty and memory. Although shes gone, her sound of singing has never vanished. She is constantly co

37、mmemorated; from Beijing to Taipei, Hong Kong to Singapore, her ubiquitous fans observe her commemoration from time to time, cherishing her incredible beauty, and her voice that sounds to come from heaven. Her sweet songs made her a legend, and are still regularly heard on radio, and continue to hav

38、e a following in Chinese communities all over the world.She should be remembered not only because of her beauty and voice, but also because of her great charity. She founded Teresa Teng foundation during her lifetime. The purpose of the foundation is to cultivate and support gifted artists, and at t

39、he same time the foundation includes a trust to distribute scholarship to make sure that art students have opportunities to accomplish what they actually can. Every year, The Teresa Teng Foundation also send a great amount of money as a charity to help homeless children. And these activities are supported by her fans all over the world.