考研英语二真题及问题详解.doc

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1、SectionUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C,orDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points).Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork,.Todayisnodifferent,withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain_1_warningthattechnologyisreplacinghumanworker

2、s.Someimaginethattheingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby_2_inequality:Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland.Adifferentandnotmutuallyexculsive_3_holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort,one_4_bypurposelessness:Withoutjobstogivetheirlives_5_,peop

3、lewillsimplybeelazyanddepressed._6_,todaysunemployeddontseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression,doubletheratefor_7_Americans.Also,someresearchsuggeststhatthe_8_forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andadd

4、iction_9_poorly-educated,middle-agedpeopleisashortageofwell-paidjobs.Anotherstudyshowsthatpeopleareoftenhappieratworkthanintheirfreetime.Perhapsthisiswhymany_10_abouttheagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.Butitdoesnt_11_followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithmalaise.Suchvisio

5、nsarebasedonthe_12_ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Inthe_13_ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould_14_strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Today,the_15_ofworkmaybeabitoverblown.“Manyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,andasquanderingofhumanpot

6、ential,saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalwaywhohaswrittenaboutaworldwithoutwork.“Globalsurveysfindthatthevastmajorityofpeopleareunhappyatwork.Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively_16_formostworkers,peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional_17_of

7、theirjobs.“WhenIehomefromaharddayswork,I1oftenfeel_18_,Danahersays,adding,“InaworldinwhichIdonthavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferentperhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself_19_ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor_20_matters.1AboastingBwarningCdenyingDensuring2AuncertaintyBunreliabili

8、tyCinstabilityDinequality3ApolicyBguidelineCpredictionDresolution4AmeasuredBdiviedCbalancedDcharacterized5AmeaningBwisdomCgloryDfreedom6AindeedBinsteadCthusDnevertheless7ArichBworkingCurbanDeducated8AsubstituteBrequirementCpensationDexplanation9AunderBbeyondCamongDalongside10AleavebehindBworryaboutC

9、makeupDsetaside11AatatisticallyBnecessarilyCoccasionallyDeconomicall12AdownsidesBchanceCbenefitsDprinciples13AcourseBheightCfaceDabsence14adisturdbrestoreCyieldDexclude15AmodelBvirtueCpracticeDhardship16AtrickyBlengthyCscarceDmysterious17AthreatsBstandardsCqualitiesDdemands18AtiredBignoredCconfusedD

10、starved19AoffBagainstCintoDbehind20AprofessionalBtechnologicalCeducationalDinterpersonal完型填空【答案】1.Bwarning2.Dinequality3.Cprediction4.Dcharacterized5.Ameaning6.AIndeed7.Bworking8.Dexplanation9.Aunder10.worryabout11.Bnecessarily12.Bchances13.Dabsence14.Cyield15.Cpractice16.Cscarce17.Ddemandstired19.C

11、into20.DinterpersonalSectionReadingprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadoz

12、enfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeleysworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondonsOlympic“legacyisfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannou

13、ncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympicwouldbetoleveranationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun-upto2012-butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowf

14、allingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto“inspireageneration.ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.Parkrunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlyp

15、etitoristheclock.Theethoswelesanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.Thedualaimismixedup:Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewers

16、.Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedplaningofsuchafundamentally“grassrootsconceptasmunitysportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingmongoodsmakingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencoura

17、gingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemw

18、orse.21.AccordingtoParagraph1,ParkrunhasAgainedgreatpopularityBcreatedmanyjobsCstrengthenedmunitytiesDbeeanofficialfestival22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondonsOlympic“legacyhasfailedtoAboostpopulationgrowthBpromotesportparticipationCimprovethecitysimageDincreasesporthoursinschools23.Parkrunisdifferentfro

19、mOlympicgamesinthatitAaimsatdiscoveringtalentsBfocusesonmasspetitionCdoesnotemphasizeelitismDdoesnotattractfirst-timers24.Withregardtomasssports,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshouldAorganize“grassrootssportseventsBsuperviselocalsportsassociationsCincreasefundsforsportsclubsDinvestinpublicsportsfacili

20、ties25.TheauthorsattitudetowhatUKgovernmenthavedoneforsportsisAtolerantBcriticalCuncertainDsympatheticText1【答案】gainedgreatpopularitypromotesportparticipationdoesnotemphasizeelitisminvestinpublicsportsfacilitiescriticalText2Withsomuchfocusonchildrensuseofscreens,itseasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirown

21、screenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckyouin,saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-te

22、stingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhouseddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfo

23、rtheirattention.Infantsarewiredtolookatparentsfacestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive-astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice-itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperimentdevisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotheri

24、saskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback:Thechildbeesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermothersattention.“Parentsdonthavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitiveto

25、achildsverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,saysRadesky.Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkidsuseofscreensarebornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteractingwiththeirchildren:“Itsbasedonasomewhatfantasised,verywhite,veryupper-middle-clas

26、sideologythatsaysifyourefailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem.Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisntlearningfromthescreendoesntmeantheresnovaluetoit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingthei

27、rdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.26.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto_.AabsorbuserattentionBincreaseworkefficiencyCsimplifyroutinemattersDbetterinterpersonalrelations27.Radeskysfood

28、-testingexerciseshowsthatmothersuseofdevices_.AtakesawaybabiesappetiteBdistractschildrensattentionCreducesmother-childmunicationDslowsdownbabiesverbaldevelopment28.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperimenttoshowthat_.AitiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressionsBparentsneedtorespondtochildrensemotionaln

29、eedsCverbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchangeDchildrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparentsmood29.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto_.AprotectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasiesBteachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayearCremainconcernedaboutkidsuseofscreensDensureconstantinte

30、ractionwiththeirchildren30.AccordingtoTronick,kidsuseofscreensmay_.AmaketheirparentsmorecreativeBgivetheirparentssomefreetimeChelpthemwiththeirhomeworkDhelpthembeemoreattentiveText2【答案】26.Aabsorbuserattention27.Creducesmother-childmunication28.Bparentsneedtorespondtochildrensemotionalneedsensurecons

31、tantinteractionwiththeirchildrengivetheirparentssomefreetimeText3Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwith7increasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingwordoftencausesstudentstopletelyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefal

32、l,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesntit?Andaftergoingtoschoolfor12years,itdoesntfeelnaturaltospendayeardoingsomethingthatisntacademic.Butwhilethismaybetrue,itsnotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.Theresalwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated“racetothefinishline,whether

33、thatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschooloralucrativecareer.Butdespitemonmisconceptions,agapyeardoesnothindthesuccessofacademicpursuits-infact,itprobablyenhancesit.StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethatthosewhodo

34、not.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges-allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasi

35、ertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders.Ifyourenotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoice.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatlea

36、stonce.Thisisntsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthevastacademicpossibilitiesthatawaitthemincollege.Manystudentsfindthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplication,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.Itsnotnecessarilyabadth

37、ing,butdependingontheschool,itcanbecloselytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.AtBostoncollege,forexample,youwouldhavetopleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressandsavemoneylateron.31.Oneofthereasonsfo

38、rhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthatA.theythinkitacademicallymisleadingB.theyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollegeC.itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothersD.Itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses32.StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelpsA.KeepstudentsfrombeingunrealisticB.Lowerris

39、ksinchoosingcareersC.EasefreshmensfinancialburdensD.Relievefreshmenofpressures33.Theword“acclimation(Line8,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningtoA.AdaptationB.ApplicationC.MotivationD.petition34.AgapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsbyhelpingthemA.AvoidacademicfailuresB.Establishlong-termgoalC.SwitchtoanothercollegeD.Decideontherightmajor35.ThemostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbeA.InFavoroftheGapB.TheABCsoftheGapYearC.TheGapYearesBackD.TheGapYear:ADilemmaText3【答案】TheyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollegerelievefreshmenofpressureadaptationdecideontherightmajorInfavoroftheGapYearText4Thoug