手把手教你如何分析托福阅读长难句.doc
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1、手把手教你如何分析托福阅读长难句 托福阅读长难句如何分析?掌握分析方法固然重要,但归根结底总要落实到实际应用中去。今天给大家带来手把手教你如何分析托福阅读长难句 ,希望能够帮助到大家,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。手把手教你如何分析托福阅读长难句托福阅读长难句实例解析1It was in the cities that the elements (that can be associated with modern capitalism) first appeared.首先这是一个强调句,里面有一个定语从句。定语从句在第二个谓语义群前结束。这里之所以用义群,义群包含了谓语动词及其修饰成分。比
2、如这里的first就是修饰appear的。托福阅读长难句实例解析2The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the worlds rain forests does not seem surprising,considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species.这个句子如果乍一看,fact后面的that表示一个同位语从句的开始。从句什么位置结束,要明白这个问题,首先要知道从句它也是一个句子,句子必须要有完整的主干
3、结构。所以,当它的主干结构完整,后面增加的内容已经和前面的内容不能够搭配的时候,从句就结束了。这种不搭配,有语法上不搭配和逻辑上不搭配。我们重点关注出现比较多容易辨别的语法不搭配。所谓语法不搭配,就是如果不在该处结束从句,从句写在一起就变成了病句。最常见的这样的语法不搭配就是从句主干中第二个谓语动词义群的出现。因为从句主干里只能有一个谓语,出现第二个谓语显然不对。怎么识别谓语,当然要看动词。但是,值得注意的是英语里面有大量的非谓语动词,要排除它们。一般定义:动词原型v,动词原型的第三人称单数变化,动词的过去式,都符合谓语动词定义。动词的现在分词、过去分词、不定式不属于谓语动词定义。再回到上面这
4、个句子:从句内部are符合谓语动词,thought,inhabit不属于;当出现does not这个谓语的时候,显然从句已经有了两个谓语,这是病句,必须断句。可以把从句用括号括起来The fact (that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the worlds rain forests) does not seem surprising,considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species.托福阅读长难句实例解析3It bec
5、ame tempting to suggest that every disease and condition (for which there had been no previous effective treatment)might be responsive to vitamin therapy.这里for which标志从句开始,第二个谓语义群might be前从句结束。托福阅读长难句实例解析4(What is particularly meaningful to anthropologists) is the realization (that although the mate
6、rials available to a society may to some extent limit or influence what it can do artistically, the materials by no means determines what is done).第一个括号结束处,出现了第二个is,所以what开始的从句要结束了。后面that开头的定语从句里面,although后面的结构都不是从句的主干,所以里面出现的谓语动词不能算作从句主干里的谓语动词,从句里面主干谓语动词是determine。从句里面的嵌套从句的谓语动词当然也不能算作从句的谓语动词。这点要值得
7、注意。托福阅读长难句实例解析5As a result,claims (that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health) have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore.首先claim是一个动词而不是名词,否则句子就没有主语了。That引导一个同位语从句。这个从句里面的动词很多,什么时候结束这个从句呢?我们来看这个
8、从句,eating动名词做主语,后面的consisting grown都不符合谓语动词条件,prevents第一个谓语动词,cures仿佛是第二个谓语动词,这里是不是从句结束呢?不是,因为中间有一个or连接,在语法上不构成病句。句子里是允许有多个谓语动词并列的。往后provides还是和它们并列。后面出现have become的时候才是从句结束位置。所以补加一个小补丁,原来的规律描述变成:从句主干中不和第一个谓语义群有并列关系的第二个谓语动词义群出现时,从句在第二个谓语动词义群前结束。本质是不能造成从句内部的语法搭配不当。其实托福阅读长难句并没有大家想象的那么难,从上文中的实际例子大家也能看出
9、来,只要能找准句子成分,长难句理解起来也就简单多了。托福阅读素材:社交媒体成新型婚姻杀手Facebook and Twitter have become a significant threat to marriage with social media now a factor in an increasing number of divorce cases, say lawyers.律师称,在越来越多的离婚案件中,脸书和推特等社交媒体已成为严重威胁婚姻存续的一个因素。One in seven married individuals have considered divorce becau
10、se of their spouses postings of Facebook or other online sites, according to research.根据研究,七分之一的已婚人士曾因配偶发在脸书或其他网站上的帖子考虑过离婚。A similar proportion admit that they search online for evidence of their partners infidelity, while nearly one in five say they have daily rows because of the way their husband
11、or wife uses social media.类似比例的人承认,他们曾在网上寻找伴侣不忠的证据;近五分之一的人表示,夫妻二人每天都会因为彼此在社交媒体上的所作所为而吵架。The research was commissioned by law firm Slater and Gordon in response to an increase in the number of its clients who said that Facebook, Skype, Snapchat, Twitter, WhatsApp or other social media sites had playe
12、d a part in their divorce.该研究是由“斯莱特和戈登”律师事务所委托相关机构做出的。“斯莱特和戈登”发现越来越多的客户声称,他们之所以离婚,与脸书、Skype(网络电话)、Snapchat(照片分享应用)、推特和WhatsApp(移动消息应用)等社交媒体有很大关系,于是该律所发起了这个调查。Andrew Newbury, of Slater and Gordon, said: Five years ago Facebook was rarely mentioned in the context of a marriage ending, but now it has b
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