雅思阅读提分秘笈：2大雅思阅读速读技巧.doc

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1、雅思阅读提分秘笈：2大雅思阅读速读技巧 很多考生都在抱怨雅思阅读题量太大，来不及做。今天给大家带来了雅思阅读提分秘笈之2大雅思阅读速读技巧，希望可以帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。雅思阅读提分秘笈：2大雅思阅读速读技巧首先何谓快速阅读(fast reading)?就阅读方式而言，我们通常分成了精读和泛读两种，精读即按照字、词等少数几个单字为单位逐个阅读，这是我们从学习英语以来，老师们最为驾轻就熟的一种方式，他们会带着我们从一篇*的第一个单词，逐字逐句的分析到最后一个单词，直到把这篇*分析得是体无完肤;而泛读则要求我们泛泛而读，不必那么精准的理解*，但是要求广、博、泛、快。而泛读里比

2、较常用的一种阅读方式就是快速阅读。快速阅读将被阅读的文字以组或行、块为单位进行大小不一的整体阅读，而“组”或“块”内所包含的往往可能是词组、半行、一行、多行甚至整页内容(我们称之为“意群”)，它是一种让我们能够从文字材料中迅速接收信息的阅读法。没有经过训练的阅读者一般来说一分钟能读100200个单词，而经过训练后一般能达到300400单词/分，而有些个体则可能达到每分钟1000多，在我训练过多学生里，最快的能达到每分钟800字左右。其次，快速阅读与雅思考试的关系。快速阅读是一种我们在生活中经常应用的一种阅读方法，无论是在浏览报纸，还是查询网络信息，随时随地我们都可能通过快速阅读获取有效信息。而

3、快速阅读主要运用了两种阅读技能：略读(skimming)和寻读(scanning)。而略读和训读在雅思阅读里都是频繁使用的阅读技能。接下来我们看看略读和训读在雅思阅读里是如何有效运用到雅思阅读里的。粗中有细做略读略读又被称为跳读或浏览，是指以尽可能快的阅读速度，有选择性地获取大意与信息，而*的非重点部分可以不读的阅读方式。略读时，因为速度快，理解水平略低是比较正常的现象，开始时平均理解率达到五成就可以了，经过有效的训练，通常能达到七八成。那么我们该怎么做略读呢?略读时我们应当运用两大技能：1. 按照意群浏览，而不是一个单词接一个单词地看，以减少眼球的移动。我们来看下面四个句子：World/sc

4、ience/is/dominated/today/by/a/small/number/of/languages。World science/is dominated today/by a small number of/languages。World science is dominated today/by a small number of languages。World science is dominated today by a small number of languages。第一句是一个单词一个单词的读，最后一句一气呵成，不难看出，什么样的读法更能体现速度，而且事实上，一个句子

5、里，像副词、介词、冠词等成分其实是大可不必看的，如果我们只抓主谓宾等成分，阅读效率就能大大得到提高。2. 紧抓段落的主题句。抓住主题句就等于掌握了段落大意，略去细节不读，以求得略读速度。这种看似很粗的阅读过程中，又隐含了对某些细节的掌握，比如主题句，比如一个句子里的关键词，因此，我们把这叫做粗中有细做略读。略读在雅思阅读考试中的运用非常广泛，当学生拿到一篇*时，他如果想要拿高分，首先要对*进行一个全面的概括性的了解，那么他就需要花一分钟左右对整篇*进行一个整体性的把握，这时就需要运用到略读;在做list of headings，段落加信息的匹配题，都可能运用到略读，尤其是段落加信息的匹配题需要

6、我们快速浏览一个段落，发现与题目相匹配的有用信息，没有这种快速阅读的能力，势必会浪费大量的时间，而且正确率还得不到保证。如何做寻读(查读)?寻读又称查读，也就是说，在对*有所了解(即略读)后，读者在*中查找与某一问题、某一观点或某一单词有关的信息，寻找解题的可靠依据。寻读时，要以很快的速度扫视*，确定所查询的信息范围。在雅思阅读考试中，当我们明确了题目信息，需要从*里获取答案时，我们往往会选取一个两个定位词，到*中进行定位，而这种在1200-1800字的*中以最快速度找到定位词的能力就是寻读所必备的能力。作为一种快速寻找信息的阅读技巧，寻读既要求速度，又要求寻读的准确性。寻读时，我们的视线在*

7、中扫描的速度极快，大部分的信息都是一带而过，只有当我们所需信息出现时，从大量的沙子中以最优的效率挑选出里面的金子出来，这就是寻读能力。在雅思阅读中，学员要学会利用*的组织结构，以及题型与题型之间的联系，甚至是段落号等来提高寻读效率。*的组织都是有一定的规律的，如果拿到*时就先做好了略读，了解了*的架构以及信息组织顺序，那么在寻读时，我们的大定位就会非常省时，而且每一个大题与前一个大题之间的答案出现是有一定的关联的，这样我们在通过寻读定位时，还可以利用前一道大题以及本题内部联系进行。另外我们也要充分利用提示词，比如当我们寻找某个球队的背景时，我们可以把这两个球队的名字作为提示词，因为它们更为明显

8、，更容易定位，他们附近去寻找相关信息会更为节约时间。同样的道理，在雅思阅读里，经常也会有相似的提示词出现，参考提示词，有效的帮助我们拨开迷雾，看清真相。最后的最后，其实大家都要明白，所有雅思高分的前提都是要有一个词汇量的积累。当你有一定词汇量之后，精读*能够帮你的是提高做题准确率，但是时间总共1小时，你必须训练自己的泛读能力，特别是快速阅读的能力，来提升做题的效率。多快好省，说的就是雅思阅读提分的关键。大家抓紧时间练习起来吧。雅思阅读模拟题：创新的空白THE GAP of INGENUITY 2Ingenuity, as I define it here, consists not only

9、of ideas for new technologies like computers or drought-resistant crops but, more fundamentally, of ideas for better institutions and social arrangements, like efficient markets and competent governments.How much and what kinds of ingenuity a society requires depends on a range of factors, including

10、 the societys goals and the circumstances within which it must achieve those goalswhether it has a young population or an aging one, an abundance of natural resources or a scarcity of them, an easy climate or a punishing one, whatever the case may be.How much and what kinds of ingenuity a society su

11、pplies also depends on many factors, such as the nature of human inventiveness and understanding, the rewards an economy gives to the producers of useful knowledge, and the strength of political opposition to social and institutional reforms.A good supply of the right kind of ingenuity is essential,

12、 but it isnt, of course, enough by itself. We know that the creation of wealth, for example, depends not only on an adequate supply of useful ideas but also on the availability of other, more conventional factors of production, like capital and labor. Similarly, prosperity, stability and justice usu

13、ally depend on the resolution, or at least the containment, of major political struggles over wealth and power. Yet within our economics ingenuity often supplants labor, and growth in the stock of physical plant is usually accompanied by growth in the stock of ingenuity. And in our political systems

14、, we need great ingenuity to set up institutions that successfully manage struggles over wealth and power. Clearly, our economic and political processes are intimately entangled with the production and use of ingenuity.The past centurys countless incremental changes in our societies around the plane

15、t, in our technologies and our interactions with our surrounding natural environments have accumulated to create a qualitatively new world. Because these changes have accumulated slowly, Its often hard for us to recognize how profound and sweeping theyve. They include far larger and denser populatio

16、ns; much higher per capita consumption of natural resources; and far better and more widely available technologies for the movement of people, materials, and especially information.In combination, these changes have sharply increased the density, intensity, and pace of our inter actions with each ot

17、her; they have greatly increased the burden we place on our natural environment; and they have helped shift power from national and international institutions to individuals and subgroups, such as political special interests and ethnic factions.As a result, people in all walks of life-from our polit

18、ical and business leaders to all of us in our day-to-daymust cope with much more complex, urgent, and often unpredictable circumstances. The management of our relationship with this new world requires immense and ever-increasing amounts of social and technical ingenuity. As we strive to maintain or

19、increase our prosperity and improve the quality of our lives, we must make far more sophisticated decisions, and in less time, than ever before.When we enhance the performance of any system, from our cars to the planets network of financial institutions, we tend to make it more complex. Many of the

20、natural systems critical to our well-being, like the global climate and the oceans, are extraordinarily complex to begin with. We often cant predict or manage the behavior of complex systems with much precision, because they are often very sensitive to the smallest of changes and perturbations, and

21、their behavior can flip from one mode to another suddenly and dramatically. In general, as the human-made and natural systems we depend upon become more complex, and as our demands on them increase, the institutions and technologies we use to manage them must become more complex too, which further b

22、oosts our need for ingenuity.The good news, though, is that the last centurys stunning changes in our societies and technologies have not just increased our need for ingenuity; they have also produced a huge increase in its supply. The growth and urbanization of human populations have combined with

23、astonishing new communication and transportation technologies to expand interactions among people and produce larger, more integrated, and more efficient markets. These changes have, in turn, vastly accelerated the generation and delivery of useful ideas.Butand this is the critical butwe should not

24、jump to the conclusion that the supply of ingenuity always increases in lockstep with our ingenuity requirement: While its true that necessity is often the mother of invention, we cant always rely on the right kind of ingenuity appearing when and where we need it. In many cases, the complexity and s

25、peed of operation of todays vital economic, social, arid ecological systems exceed the human brains grasp. Very few of us have more than a rudimentary understanding of how these systems work. They remain fraught with countless unknown unknowns, which makes it hard to supply the ingenuity we need to

26、solve problems associated with these systems.In this book, explore a wide range of other factors that will limit our ability to supply the ingenuity required in the coming century. For example, many people believe that new communication technologies strengthen democracy and will make it easier to fi

27、nd solutions to our societies collective problems, but the story is less clear than it seems. The crush of information in our everyday lives is shortening our attention span, limiting the time we have to reflect on critical matters of public policy, and making policy arguments more superficial.Moder

28、n markets and science are an important part of the story of how we supply ingenuity. Markets are critically important, because they give entrepreneurs an incentive to produce knowledge. As for science, although it seems to face no theoretical limits, at least in the foreseeable future, practical con

29、straints often slow its progress. The cost of scientific research tends to increase as it delves deeper into nature. And sciences rate of advance depends on the characteristic of the natural phenomena it investigates, simply because some phenomena are intrinsically harder to understand than others,

30、so the production of useful new knowledge in these areas can be very slow. Consequently, there is often a critical time lag between the recognition between a problem and the delivery of sufficient ingenuity, in the form of technologies, to solve that problem. Progress in the social sciences is espec

31、ially slow, for reasons we dont yet understand; but we desperately need better social scientific knowledge to build the sophisticated institutions todays world demands.Questions:Complete each sentence with the appropriate answer, A, B, C, or DWrite the correct answer in boxes 27-30 on your answer sh

32、eet.27 The definition of ingenuity28 The requirement for ingenuity29 The creation of social wealth30 The stability of societyA depends on many factors including climate.B depends on the management and solution of disputes.C is not only of technological advance, but more of institutional renovation.D

33、 also depends on the availability of some traditional resources.Question 31-33Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.Write your answers in boxes 31-33 on your answer sheet.31 What does the author say about the incremental change of the last 100 years?A It has become a hot scholastic discussion amo

34、ng environmentalists.B Its significance is often not noticed.C It has reshaped the natural environments we live in.D It benefited a much larger population than ever.32 The combination of changes has made life.A easierB fasterC slowerD less sophisticated33 What does the author say about the natural s

35、ystems?A New technologies are being developed to predict change with precision.B Natural systems are often more sophisticated than other systems.C Minor alterations may cause natural systems to change dramatically.D Technological developments have rendered human being more independent of natural sys

36、tems.Question 34-40Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 34-40 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement is trueNO if the statement is falseNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage34 The demand for ingenuity has been growing

37、during the past 100 years.35 The ingenuity we have may be inappropriate for solving problems at hand.36 There are very few who can understand the complex systems of the present world.37 More information will help us to make better decisions.38 The next generation will blame the current government fo

38、r their conduct.39 Science tends to develop faster in certain areas than others.40 Social science develops especially slowly because it is not as important as natural science.雅思阅读全真模拟题：幸福的科学解释Can Scientists tell us: What happiness is?AEconomists accept that if people describe themselves as happy, th

39、en they are happy. However, psychologists differentiate between levels of happiness. The most immediate type involves a feeling; pleasure or joy. But sometimes happiness is a judgment that life is satisfying, and does not imply an emotional state. Esteemed psychologist Martin Seligman has spearheade

40、d an effort to study the science of happiness. The bad news is that were not wired to be happy. The good news is that we can do something about it. Since its origins in a Leipzig laboratory 130 years ago, psychology has had little to say about goodness and contentment. Mostly psychologists have conc

41、erned themselves with weakness and misery. There are libraries full of theories about why we get sad, worried, and angry. It hasnt been respectable science to study what happens when lives go well. Positive experiences, such as joy, kindness, altruism and heroism, have mainly been ignored. For every

42、 100 psychology papers dealing with anxiety or depression, only one concerns a positive trait.BA few pioneers in experimental psychology bucked the trend. Professor Alice Isen of Cornell University and colleagues have demonstrated how positive emotions make people think faster and more creatively. S

43、howing how easy it is to give people an intellectual boost, Isen divided doctors making a tricky diagnosis into three groups: one received candy, one read humanistic statements about medicine, one was a control group. The doctors who had candy displayed the most creative thinking and worked more eff

44、iciently. Inspired by Isen and others, Seligman got stuck in. He raised millions of dollars of research money and funded 50 research groups involving 150 scientists across the world. Four positive psychology centres opened, decorated in cheerful colours and furnished with sofas and baby-sitters. The

45、re were get-togethers on Mexican beaches where psychologists would snorkel and eat fajitas, then form pods to discuss subjects such as wonder and awe. A thousand therapists were coached in the new science.CBut critics are demanding answers to big questions. What is the point of defining levels of ha

46、ppiness and classifying the virtues? Arent these concepts vague and impossible to pin down? Can you justify spending funds to research positive states when there are problems such as famine, flood and epidemic depression to be solved? Seligman knows his work can be belittled alongside trite notions

47、such as the power of positive thinking. His plan to stop the new science floating on the waves of self- improvement fashions is to make sure it is anchored to positive philosophy above, and to positive biology below.DAnd this takes us back to our evolutionary past. Homo sapiens evolved during the Pl

48、eistocene era (1.8 m to 10,000 years ago), a time of hardship and turmoil. It was the Ice Age, and our ancestors endured long freezes as glaciers formed, then ferocious floods as the ice masses melted. We shared the planet with terrifying creatures such as mammoths, elephant-sized ground sloths and sabre-toothed cats. But by the end of the Pleistocene, all these animals were extinct. Humans, on the other hand, had evolved large brains and used their intelligence to make fire and sophisticated tools,