ISO 04120-2021.docx

INTERNATIONA1.STANDARDISO4120editionThrd2021-03Sensoryana1.ysisMethodo1.ogy一Triang1.etestAna1.yseSensorie1.1.eMdthodo1.ofjieEssaitriangu1.aireCOPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT©ISO2021岫rkdea/山thUcdOthcnviscjft<c三orrtmcehDVBiwixuioiti08phnn11UatiocBhr<1.>hotoc<>p)Mng,ptbcatonpostingontheinternetoranintranet,withoutpriorwrittenpermission.PermissioncanherequestedfromeitherISOattheaddressbe1.oworIS<smemberbodyinthecountryoftherequester.%,tft晒Iandonnet8CH-1214*crnicr,GenevaPhone：M1.22749O1.11Pub1.ishedinSwitzerhnd©ISO2021-A1.1.rightsreservedContentsPageforewordiv2Scope一13Normativereferences1Termsanddefinitions14.Princip1.e2/Genera1.testconditionsandrcauireinents2Assessors36.1Qua1.iRcation376.2Numberofassessors3OProcedure4OAna1.ysisandinte-pretationofresu1.ts一一48.1Whentestingforadifference498.2Whentestingforsimi1.arity5<cTestreport5Precisionandbias-一.5AnnexA(normative)Tab1.es7AnnexB(informative)Examp1.es12Bib1.iography17ForewordISO(theInternationa1.OrganizationforStandardization)isawor1.dwidefederationofnationa1.standardsttiugh(ISOtn11hnkoibMdm11t38wcekdHPfff1.QbBcgbody1tf1.r三dtiJMiai6tandrifc.ibwwhtd1.yCanttodHJiXmitteehasbeenestab1.ishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationa1.organizations,governmenta1.andnon-governmenta1.,in1.iaisonwithISO,a1.sotakepartinthework.ISOco1.1.aboratesc1.ose1.ywiththee1.ectrotechnica1.standardization.Internationa1.E1.ectrotechnica1.Commission(IEC)ona1.1.mattersofTheproceduresusedtodeve1.opthisdocumentandthoseintendedforitsfurthermaintenanceare。瑟料福也槛OfISO/IEC出陶曲俺瓶1.b1.not龄&礴蝴的K醵卿1j¾罚fer%srdance酚Fhtheeditoria1.ru1.esofthe1SOIECDirectives.Part2(seewww.iso.org/dircc1.ives).时歌ionrightsd般掂棚15脚蝴橱卿SnSi嘏趣出即的植般眈doc1.三崎翩舟硼hsubjectofanypatentrightsidentifiedduringthedeve1.opmerUW4io÷uwMM41.beintheIntroductionand/orontheISO1.istofpatentdec1.arationsreceived(seewww.iso.org/pa1.ents).Anytradeusedinthisconstitutenameendorsement,documentisinformationgivenfortheconvenienceofusersanddoesnotForanexp1.anationofthevo1.untarynatureofstandards,themeaningofISOspecifictermsand哪蝴蜘明瓶ationc。的福P奥爽融Mthe可般IIi潴冉曲隔tion曲醛用无陋蛔嘛思幅isoforeword.htn1.私掘部郦n怖SthCPn三甜酰圈楣i蕊碗喇微IdizationS施购n麻肝由网幽微曲/盘CEN/SSCO1.,FoodProducts,inaccordancewiththeAgreementontechnica1.cooperationbetweenISOandCEN(ViennaAgreement).的岫BheemGWW帕1H丽丽these,侬砌iftft崎甲班61.hichhasbeentechnica1.1.ythedocumenthasbeengenera1.izedbeyondfoodandbeverageapp1.ications；gff1.d蝌回轴i8ttettrThurstonianmode1.inadditiontotheprevious1.yemphasizedguessingAnyfeedbackorquestionsonthisdocumentshou1.dbedirectedtotheuser'snationa1.standardsbody.comp1.ete1.istingofthesebodiescanbefoundatWWW.iso.orgAnembers.htm1.Sensoryana1.ysisMethodo1.ogyTriang1.etest1 Scopesimi1.arityapp1.icab1.ebetweenSamp1.esdifferenceproducts.sing1.esensoryattributeforced-choiceprocedure.The1.imitedusewithproductsthatexhibitstrongcarryoverand/or1.ingeringf1.avours.responsib1.eforthedifference.Themethodisapp1.icab1.eon1.yiftheproductsarehomogeneous.a) determiningthat：2) aperceptib1.edifferencedoesnotresu1.t(triang1.etestingforsimi1.arity),b) Normativereferencesnonitoringassessors.constitutesrequirementsaredocument.Fordatedinreferences,on1.ySonieeditiona1.1.citedapp!ies.contentISO5492,Sensoryana1.ysisVocabu1.ary3TermsanddefinitionsISOandIECmaintaintermino1.ogica1.database、foruseinStandardizatiOnatthefo1.1.owingaddresses：3.1 IECE1.ectropedia:avai1.ab1.eathttp+/川vw.eIeetroPedia；。喇a1.pha-riskr1.skNote1toentr>r:Thisisa1.soknownasType1error,significance1.eve1.orfa1.sepositiverate.©ISO2021-A1.1.rightsreservedThisdocumentspecifiesaprocedurefordeterminingwhetheraperceptib1.esensorydifferenceormethodexistswhetherofCwoexistsinaThemethodisinsevera1.attributes.Themethodisstatistica1.1.ymoreefficientthantheduo-triotest(describedinISO10399),buthasThemethodisapp1.icab1.eevenwhenthenatureofthedifferenceisunknowni.e.itdeterminesneitherthesizenorthedirectionofdifferencebetweensamp1.es,noristhereanyindicationoftheattribute(三)Themethodiseffectivefor:1) eitheraperceptib1.edifferenceresu1.ts(triang1.etestingfordifference);when,forexamp1.e,achangeismadeiningredients,processing,packaging,hand1.ingorstorage;2se1.ecting,trainingandThefo1.1.owingdocumentsofthisreferredinthetextsuchawaythattheoroftheirForundatedreferences,the1.atesteditionofthereferenceddocument(inc1.udinganyamendments)app1.ies.ISO8589,Sensoryana1.ysisGenera1.guidanceforthedesignoftestroomsForthepurposesofthisdoment1.thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninISO5492andthefo1.1.owingapp1.y.-ISOOn1.inebrowsingp1.atform:avai1.ab1.eathttps:/www.iso.org/obpprobabi1.ityofconc1.udingthataperceptib1.edifferenceexistswhenonedoesnot3.2beta-risk6riskprobabi1.ityofconc1.udingthatnomeaningfu1.differenceexistswhenonedoesC1toentry：Thisi$a1.soknownasTypeI1.errororfa1.senegativerate.differencesituationinwhichsamp1.escanbedistinguishedbasedontheirsensorypropertiesNmdJCtSdaIgwtciithpBjpwtetihnofassessmentsinwhichaperceptib1.edifferenceisdetectedbetweenthetwo3.4 productmateria1.tobeeva1.uated3.5 samp1.eunitofproductprepared,presentedandeva1.uatedinthetest3.6sensitivitystatistica1.parametersthatmeasuretheperformancecharacteristicsofthetestN曲C1toentry:Thesensitivityofthetestisdefinedbytheva1.uesofa,andw.simi1.aritysituationinwhichanyperceptib1.edifferencesbetweenthesamp1.esaresosma1.1.thattheproductscanbeusedinterchangeab1.y3.8 triadthosethreesamp1.esgiventoanassessorinthetriang1.etestNote1toentry:Intheoneistest,eachfromisotherwithafromoneproduct)andtriang1.edifferent(1.examp1.eChemarkedpioduct).differentcode.Twofthesamp1.esarea1.ike(i.e.4Princip1.eThenumberofassessorsischosenbasedonthesensitivitydesiredforthetest.(See6.2andthersreceiveasetofthreesamp1.es(i.e.atriad)andareinformedthattwoofthesamp1.esarcthesameandthatoneisdifferent.Theassessorsreportwhichsamp1.etheybe1.ievetobedifferent,evenifs1¾gpJf点MbW配台fbunted,andthesignificanceisdeterminedbyreferencetoastatistica1.tab1.eoranapp1.icab1.ecomputerprogramorapp.5Genera1.testconditionsandrequirements51C1.ear1.ydefinethetestobjectiveinwriting.S2Carryoutthetestunderconditionsthatpreventcommunicationamongassessorsunti1.a1.1.theeva1.uationshavebeencomp1.eted,usingfaci1.itiesandboothsthatconformtoISO8589.©ISO2021-A1.1.1.ightsreserved1.3Preparetheassessorsandinanidentica1.manner(esameapparatusamesam<1.4Assessorssha1.1.ab1.ethefromWayeXampie,avoiddifferencesappearance.Mask1.ightfi1.tersand/orsubduedi1.1.umination.1.5Codesamp1.esmanner,preferab1.yusingthree-digitnunbe11,3ndomexhtest.triadiscomposeddifferentcodesshou1.dbeusedforeachassessorduringasession.However,thesamethreecodesmaybeBesjdifnite1.fcjismssoi1.strthng1.etesa>prdifie<rtatnh1.uct3rodbegrd)11ductedptinns3bibhsraon).atest5.6Itpreferab1.epresentsamp1.esconditionsatwhich(einaPreSentsamp1.estemperatureTheservingconditionsofthethreesamp1.esineachtriadsha1.1.beidentica1.(eginatastetest,thethreeMmitwhWDbeefrPrddUCt.thesametemperature),justasthatofa1.1.theothersamp1.esinaseriesoftests5.7Thesize,quantity'orro1.umepresentedsha1.1.X1.tntira1.forWDPkSastha(dbeeva1.uatedmaybeimposed.Ifitisnot,theassessorsshnu1.dbeto1.dtotakesizes,quantitiesorVo1.UmeSthatarea1.wayssimi1.arwhateverthesamp1.e.1.8Inatastetest,theassessorssha1.1.beto1.dwhetherornottheyaretoswa1.1.owthesamp1.esorwhethertheyarefreetodoastheyp1.ease.Inthis1.attercase,theysha1.1.berequestedtoproceedinthesamemannerfora1.1.thesamp1.es.1.9DUringaroidgininfb11nationProdUatreat三tef1.t51Odnidiu1.ptrtbniunceassessoristhenatureoftheproducttobetestedandthetasktobeperformed.6 Assessors6.1 Qua1.ificationA1.1.assessorsshnu1.dpossessthesame1.eve1.ofqua1.ification,this1.eve1.beingchosennnthebasisofthetbq1.nriiw(jx*'ofm(B5ftfeEgidtioeX<ifcporajfwtdcreastbni1.iartikeb6wNfthfiprodudt11psyyni11cantdifference.Monitoringtheperformanceofassessorsovertimemaybeusefu1.forincreasedsensitivity.A1.1.assessorsprocedure),sha1.1.befami1.iarwiththemechanicsofthetriang1.etest(i.e.format,taskandeva1.uation6.2 NumberofassessorsChoosethenumberofassessorssoastoobtainthesensitivityrequiredforthetest(secthediscussionin冶JPtbdUKgryemmdyVhSOfpraEtiijttdheinunjhoiwftheahiie1.thMredoften曲byUtateI1.1.aISCdMdI1.tU1.nX(e.g.durationoftheexperiment,numberofavai1.ab1.eassessors,quantityofproduct).Whentestingforadifference,typica1.numbersofassessorsarebetween24and30.Whentestingfornomeaningfu1.differenceSenSitiVi1.y.(1.e.simi1.arity),twiceasmanyassessors(1.e.approximate1.y60)areneededforequiva1.entAvoidrep1.icateeva1.uationsbythesameassessorwheneverpossib1.e.However,ifrep1.icateeva1.uationsareneededtoproduceasufficientnumberoftota1.eva1.uations,everyeffortshou1.dbemadetohaveassessorperformrep1.icateeva1.uations.Foron1.y10assessorsareavai1.ab1.e1.assessoreva1.uate3triadsfors1.ire1.BintiwBdW1.iiafi2nt1.pw-6mnedthe1.>Qt6jtasseiff5moH>ifdbeAcfentvehduation9U3tw1.3drecateeva1.uationsareperformed(seeReferences8and9).References4,Sand6onrep1.icateddiscriminationtestssuggesta1.ternativeapproachesforana1.ysingrep1.icatedeva1.uationsindiscriminationtests.7 Procedure7.1Prepareworksheetsandscoresheets(seeB.1.andB.2)inadvanceofthetestsoastouti1.izeanequa1.numberofthesixpossib1.esequencesoftwoproducts,AandB:ABBAABABABAABBABAB网联即刮画问娘蝴闵in州阐蚓确(WH檄he蛔ft即鲫由他猊acW俄4姆网也册Thiswi1.1.minimizetheimba1.ancethatresu1.tsifthetota1.numberofassessorsisnotamu1.tip1.eofsix.NOTETheworksheetsa1.socanbeprepareddigita1.1.yandmadeavai1.ab1.efortheeva1.uations.7.2Presentthethreesamp1.esofeachtriadsimu1.taneous1.yifpossib1.e,fo1.1.owingthesamespatia1.arrangementforeachassessor(e.g.ona1.inetobesamp1.eda1.waysfrom1.efttoright,inatriangu1.ararray).Withinthetriad,assessorsaregenera1.1.ya1.1.owedtomakerepeatedeva1.uationsofeachsamp1.easdesired(if,ofcourse,thenatureoftheproducta1.1.owsforrepea1.edeva1.uations).7.3Instructtheassessorstoeva1.uatethesamp1.esintheorderinwhichtheywerepresented.Informtheassessorsthattwoofthesamp1.esarethesameandthatoneisdifferentEachassessorsha1.1.thenindicatewhichoneofthethreesamp1.esisdifferentfromtheothertwo.7.4forccd<hi!procedure.Assessorsarenotoptiontnodifferencee.Anassessor8叫random1.yse1.ectoneofthesamp1.esandtoindicatethatthese1.ectionwason1.yaguessinthecommentssectionofthescoresheet.Theassessorhasonechanceoutofthreeofgivingtheconectanswerrandom1.y.7.5Theassessorsha1.1.notgobacktoanysamp1.esfromprevioustriadsorchangetheverdictonanyprevioustest.Ifanassessoristocarryoutmorethanonetestinasession,itisimperativethattheassessorsha1.1.notbeab1.etochangetheirresponseoncegiven.Forexamp1.e,co1.1.ectthecomp1.etedRe(XreBheetmanUer'unusniWunpkdtpriOT但apm喀te11fo11pbnttriadordonota1.1.owtheassessorto7.6quesbonspreference,aaep<an!ordegreedifferenceafteroftheoddsamp1.e.SekdiontheResponsestosuchquestionsmaybeobtainedthroughseparatetestsforpreference,acceptance,degreebfdattdmte,foretc.(e1.Ss66,8femarks.guidance.)commentsectionaskingwhythechoicewasmademay8 Ana1.ysisandinterpretationofresu1.ts8.1 WhentestingforadifferenceUseTab1.eA.1toana1.ysethedataobtainedfromatriang1.etest,ifUienumberofcorrectresponsesisgreaterthanorequa1.tothenumbergiveninTab1.eA.1.(correspondingtothenumberOfassessorsand©ISO2021-A1.1.1.ightsreserved(seea-risk1.eve1.chosenforthetest),conc1.udethataperceptib1.edifferenceexistsbetweenthesamp1.esSampIesWhentestingforSimi1.arityBrS.NOTEsuficient1.y(hisdocument,sim1.1.arinterchangeab1.y.mean',k1.entica.RatherJsImHar*meansproductsIWoidentica1.thanTab)eequa1.toana1.ysenumbergivenobtainedfroma(correspondingthenumberofcorrectresponsesis-riskshou1.dbechosenfora1.1.tests.9 Testreportwereana1.yscdsvasconductedIheaccordanccgiventhisdocument.i.e.fo1.1.owing4120:2021,andinfo11nationdatathepurposeofthetestandthenatureofthetreatmentstudied;hand1.ingpreparationwasdoneinsuchawayastoyie1.dsamp1.esthatdifferon1.yduetothe(inc1.udingtheva1.uesofa.andPdusedforthetest);anyinformationandanyspecificrecommendationsgiventotheassessorsinconnectionwiththetest;10Precisionandbiastestandnameofthepane1.1.eader.statementregardingsensor)eproducibi1.ityofresu1.tsarethatapp1.icab1.eindividua1.sensitivities,assessorstestConductedwou1.dIike1.yassessorsgreaterdrawnfrompopu1.ationtestemp1.oyeesOftisingcompanynumberoftheB.1.).Ifdesired1CaIcuIateaconfidenceinterva1.ontheproportionofthepopu1.ationthatcandistinguishthe8.2ThemethodisdescribedinareIna1.ikebeused*doesnotItisnotpossib1.etoprovethatt¼othattheareproductsHowever,itcanbedemonstratedthatanydifferencethatdocsexistbetweentwoproductsissosma1.1.astohavenopractica1.significance.UseorA.2theIhCdataTab1.eA.2triang1.etestIftotheofassessors,the1.ess1.eve1.andtheva1.ueofPdchosenforthetest),conc1.udethatnomeaningfu1.differenceexistsbetweenthesamp1.es(seeB.2).Ifresu1.tsaretobecomparedfromonetesttoanother,thenthesameva1.ueofPdIfdesired1ca1.cu1.ateaconfidenceinterva1.ontheproportionofthepopu1.ationthatcandistinguishthesamp1.es.Then>cthodisdescribedinB.3.Reportthetestobjective,thesamp1.esthatweretested,theresu1.tsandtheconc1.usions.Inc1.udethatthetestaccordinginmethodswithinC1.ause8.TheISOadditiona1.thattheisrecommended: fu1.1.identificationofthesamp1.es(i.c.origin,methodofpreparation,quantity,shape,storagepriortotesting,servingsize,temperature)：samp1.einformationshou1.dcommunicatethata1.1.storage,variab1.eOfandinterest,ifa1.1.; thenumberofassessors,thenumberofcorrectresponsesandtheresu1.tofthestatistica1.eva1.uation assessors：experience(insensorytesting,withtheproduct,withthesamp1.esinthetest),ageandgender(seeISO8586forguidance); thetestenvironment(i.e.testfaci1.ityused,simu1.taneousorsequentia1.presentation,iftheidentityofsamp1.eswasdisc1.osedafterthetestand,ifso,inwhatmanner); the1.ocation,dateoftheBecauseresu1.tsofthediscriminationIsfunctionoftopopu1.ationsofgenencannotbemade.Precisionregardingaparticu1.arpopu1.ationofassessorsincreasesasthesizeofthepane1.increases,anda1.sowiththeirtrainingandwithexposuretotheproduct(e.g.theprecisionofthetheproductusingbethantheIhcprecisionoftheofconductedthethesamethatmakesassessorsdrawnfromthepopu1.ationofnaiveconsumers).Staqtrcciftjrinjiird>iceC1.ausprocc(ftunfihdJr(Dhdtsved.obtainedbythismethodarcbias-free,providedthatAnnexA(normative)Tab1.esA.1.attheVa1.uesgivenTab1.eco1.umn)minimumcorrespondingnumberresponsesrequiredrow)3ignificanceassumptionof,'nodifference"Ifthenumberofcorrectresponsesisgreaterthanorequa1.totheva1.ueinTab1.cfab1.eA.1.Minimumnumberofcorrectresponsesneeded