浅谈中美饮食文化的差异分析研究 文化产业管理专业.docx

论文题目The(IiiTerentdietcu1.turesbetween（英文）ChinawiththeUS论文题目浅谈中美饮食文化的差异Thedifferentdietcu1.turesbetweenChinawiththeUSAbstract:AsChina'sovera1.1.nationa1.strengthcontinuestoincrease,moreandmoreforeignersbeginto1.earnChinesecu1.ture.TheUnitedStatesastheWor1.CrS1.eadingpower,hasmoreandmorefrequentexchangeswithChinainvariousfie1.ds,inc1.udingmanycu1.tura1.exchanges.In(IifTerentsty1.esofChineseandAmericancu1.turefoodcu1.tureisaverj-importantcontent.Inordertogainadeeperunderstandingofthecu1.tura1.characteristicsofChinaandtheUnitedStates,thisartic1.ewi1.1.introducethedifferencesinfoodcu1.turebetweenthetwocountriesfromfourparts.Thefirstpartmain1.yintroducestherespectiveconnotationsandcharacteristicsoffoodcu1.tureinChinaandtheUnitedStates.Thesecondpartexpressesthedi11rencesinthespecificdietarycu1.turebetweenthetwocountriesfromfiveaspects:thedai1.yc><>dtypes,theuseofdishes,theorderofservings,thearrangementofsats,andtheconceptofeatinganddrinking.Thethirdpartbrief1.yana1.yzesthemainreasonsforthecu1.tura1.differencesbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates11>mgeographica1.factorsandtraditiona1.customs.Andthe1.astpartsummarizestheeffectandinf1.uenceofSino-U.S.dietarydi11,municationbetweenthetwocountries.Throughtheana1.ysisofthisartic1.e,Ihopethatmorepeop1.ecanunderstandthediferencesbetweenChineseandAmericandietcu1.tureandavoidunnecessarymisunderstandingsincross-munication.Keywords:dietcu1.tures,<1.ifcrcncetcommunication浅谈中美饮食文化的差异黄怡赛摘要：IW着中国综合国力的不断提升，越来越多的外国友人开始学习中国文化.美国作为世界第一强国，与中国在各方面的交流越来越频繁，这其中不乏许多文化交流.而在风格造异的中美文化中，饮食文化是一个非常襄的内容.为了深入对中美两国饮食文化特色的了解，本文从四部分介绍两国的饮食文化差异.第一部分主要介绍中美两国饮食文化的各自内涵和特点；第二部分分别从两国日常的食物种类、使用的餐具、上菜的，（序、座席的安排、伙食的观念等五个方面来表现双方具体的伙食文化差异现象I第三部分从两国的地理位因素和传统习俗因素，荷要分析了造成这种饮食文化差异的主要原因；最后一部分总结了中美依食差异在两国跨文化交流中所起的作用与彩响.通过本文的分析，希SI更多的人能够了解中美饮食文化差异，避免在肾文化交流中产生不必要的误会.关键词：饮食文化，差异，交流Contents1. Introduction22. I1.iecharacteristicsandconnotationsofdietcu1.turesinChinawiththeUS神误!未定义书落。3. Thedi11crcnteatinghabits63.1 DPeSOf1.bod错误!未定义书签.3.2 Tab1.cwarc错误!未定义书签.3.3 Seatarrangement63.4 Conceptofdiet错误!未定义书签3.5Servingorder84. Reasons94 .!Geographica1.1.ocations95 .2Traditiona!customs105. TheeffectsandfunctionsodiITerentdietcu1.tures11WorksCited就温!未定义书签.Thedifferencedietcu1.turesbetweenChinaandtheusIntroductionFoodisapartofthemostbasicswaytohe1.phumantokeepthepotboi1.ing.Toodi$gc1.forthepeop1.e*whatisasentencethatneverchangeitsmeaningsfromancienttomoderntimes.Thetypesoffoodshavesomanyvarietiesinthewor1.d,insomecountriesfromeast,ricewasregardedasstap1.efoodandusechopsticksastab1.eware:Insomecountriesfromwest,Po1.a1.Owasregardedasstap1.efoodanduseknifeandforkastab1.eware.Whythepotatowi1.1.beoftenregardedasdishnotasstap1.eRxxJinsomecast'scountries1.ikeChina?Whatsthereasonthatcausedthedifferentdietcu1.ture?,Ibhe1.ppeop1.ewhofromdifferentcountriestounderstandthedifferencedietcu1.turesbetweentheeastandthewest,thepaperse1.ectsChinaandtheUSasexamp1.estoana1.ysed.Andthrough(heirspecificdifferencemanifestationsoftheeatinghabits,thereasonsofcauseddifference,andthe1.astpartistointroducethedifferencedietcu1.ture'seffectsandfunctionsinthetwocountries,communionandconf1.uence.Throughioana1.ysedhetwocouniries,dierenidietcu1.ture,thatta1.ksha1.1.ow1.yabouttheeffectsandfunctionsofdifferentdietcu1.tureincross-cu1.turecommunication.1. Thecharacteristicsandcunnotationsofdietcu1.turesinChinawiththe1.1.nitcdStatesChinesedidcu1.turesint1.uenccdbyvariousfactors,anditrepresentsdieren1.charac1.eristies.First.Chinesedietpaysmanyattentionstoappearance.Forexamp1.e,thecookwi1.1.carvedifferentkindsofscu1.ptswhicharcmadebyfruitsorvegetab1.essuchaswatc11nc1.onorradishtoadorndiet.Second,i(hasregiona1.features.DifferentregionhasdifTerendietsystem,andthenostfamousdietsystemis(heeightmajorcomponentsofChinesecuisine,whicharcHunanCuisine.AnhuiCuisine.ZhcjiangCuisine,JiangsuCuisine.EujianCuisine.GuangdongCuisine.SichuanCuisincandShandongCuisine.Thind.itcombinesdietwithmedicine.Chinesepeop1.ea1.wayspreventdiseaseandtreatthediseasethroughdiettherapy.AI1.ina1.1.Chinesefood'saronia,co1.orandtesteara1.1.exce1.1.ent.Aswca1.1.knowthattheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,differentcountry'scu1.ture,historyandre1.igionmixtogetherandmakeupAmericandietcu1.ture.ComparingwithChinesedietcu1.ture,hebigges(ChdrUC1.eri记ofAmericancu1.tureisthatIheypaymuchattentions(oIheco1.1.ocationofnutrition,and(heydo(hebest(orepresents(hetasteofdiet.Forexamp1.e,theyprefer(oeatukcdfdorunprocessedfoodratherthanprocessedfood.Asamu1.tinationa1.country.American'sdietcu1.tureisdiversity.Othercountry'speop1.ebring(heirowncountry'sdietcustomandtechniqueofcookfoodo<heUnitedStates.Wi1.hIhepassingofiiine»AIneriCandietCU1.tU优hasmadeup.Therefore.Americandie1.cu1.1.uremixedupIhemostoutstandingdidcu1.tureofothercountries,anditownsoneofthebestdietcu1.tureinthewor1.d.2. The(IifTvrenteatinghabits2.1 TypeSOffoodChinahasbeenanagricu1.tureCOUmrysinceancient1.imes,andits11uincn>psarewhea1.andrice.therefore,mostofChinese1.iketocatvegetariandiet.Inancienttimes,peop1.e's1.ivingstandardsarcnotashighasourstoday*theycatriceandvegetab1.esCVCrydayasIhcirfood.On1.ywhenitisace1.ebrateddayorrichpeop1.ewok1.ea1.nat.However,withthedeve1.opnwHofeconomic,Chinesepeop1.e,sdic1.arystructurearcbecomingmoreandmorereasonab1.e,theywou1.deatmea1.everyday.especia1.1.yprocessedcookedftxi.whichtheythinkaremuchhcathierandsafethanunprocessedfood.Chinesepeop1.eusua1.1.ycatthreemea1.saday.inwhichtheythink(hemostin)11antis1.unch.Thereisano1.dsaying:Breakfast1.ikeaking,1.unch1.ikeaprince,supper1.ikeapauper,anditcanbethebestdescrip1.ionofChinesedietaryhabit.WcChinesehaveanideathat(hemostimportantmea1.inadayis1.uh.soourdishesaresobumperin1.unchtime.Asibrdinner,theo1.dchoosetocat1.itt1.eorcatnothingdependoneveryone'shea1.thcondition.Inaddition,ChinesePeoP1.e1.iketodrinktea.whichhasbecomeawayofcommunication.ThetypesofIeahavegiven1.ea.b1.acktea.oo1.ong.Pu'er1.eaetc.saguest,whenyougotosomefriendshousehavingavisit,e.Americanshaveto<a1.1.ydifferentpointofview.They1.iketocatmeatandintheirmind,(henutritiona1.va1.ueofmeatissohighthatvegetariandietc<nnotcatchupwith.ManyAmericanfood'smateria1.originatefromchicken,fish,eggsandbeefetc.Theya1.sodrinkmi1.keveryday.soIhcy1.kverystrong.Not1.ikeChinesepeop1.e,Americanpeop1.edon,t1.iketocatannusviscera,head,feetetc.Asfbrdrinks,they1.ikecoffee.Cof1.cehasbecomeapanthatcannotbeseparatedfromheirdai1.y1.ife.Therean?a1.somanytypesofcof1.ee:espresso,mochacoffee,cappuccino.Iatieeandsoon.2.2,ab1.cwarcComparingwithtwocountry'stab1.eware,wecanfindmanydisparities.InChina,anytab1.ewarecanbepresentedonthetab1.e.Traditiona1.Chinesetab1.ewarcinc1.udingchops1.icks,bow1.s,saucers,soupspoonsandso>n.Andchopsticksarcthemo?Urepresentativetab1.ewareinChina,weusethematcvcr),day'smea1.I1.icusageofchopsticksisveryspecia1.,wecannoton1.yuseittocatrice,hua1.socanuseitoeatnood1.es,dump1.ings,ricenood1.es,>eaandsoon.A1.n>osteverykindofChinesefoodcanbeeatenbychopsticks.Butthereisatabooweshou1.dtakenoticeof.WhenweusechopstickstoCa1.rice,wecannotstickitinriceStraightiy.becausewhenweshowourrespecttoourancestors,weUnitedusua1.1.ytakethisaction.in(heUnitedStates,wecana1.soseemany(ab1.ewaresuchasknives,fbrksfcsaucersandsoon.Unquestionab1.e,knivesandforksarcusedmostfrequent1.y,hencetheybecomeIhCms1.representativetab1.ewareinAmerica.hcfunctionofknivesandforksarc1.ike1.ytothechopsticks,theyhavemanyusage,1.oo.Whenyoucatfish,mea1.andseafood,youcanuseknives,amiwhenyoueatsa1.adOfotherre1.ish,youcanuseforks.Moreover,ifyouarvindif1.e,enisituaion(hefunctionsoftab1.ewarearenotthesame,sothebestchoicetouse(ab1.ewareCorrec1.1.yabroadistoaskyourfriendsforhe1.p,wheneveryouhavequestions,askyourfriendsorthehostasmuchaspossib1.e,theywi1.1.bep1.easuretointroduce(heirdicecu1.turestoyou.2.35 eatarrangen>e11WhendineIoge1.herWiIhre1.ativesorfriends.Chinese<ndAmericansarediren1.1.ei's1.akesea1.sarrangementasanexamp1.e.Genera1.1.yspeaking,thehostshou1.darrangecvcn,thingwe1.1.towaitforthecomingofguests.WhetherinChinaor(heUnitedStates,scatsarrangementisverysignificant.Nowadays,weho1.daviewpointthatrightissuperior(han1.eft,WhiChrePreSeni$inthesea1.sarmngemen1.Usua1.1.y,them>s1.importantsea1.isat(heoppositeofdoor,andthatseatispreparedforthemostrespcctfu1.guest.Otherguestswou1.dbearrangedattherighthandofthenx>stimportantguest,andthehostwou1.da1.soshnearhim,butthehostisonthe1.efthand.!nucnccdbysomewesternthoughts,andwithIhedeve1.opmentOfrek>mandopeningup.women'ssituationinChinahasbecominghigherIhanbefore.Eveninsomeadancedareas,(heyacep1.,1.adyfirst*idea,andrespectwomena1.1.(hetime.Inaddition,whenweattendaweddingwadinnerparty,wemayseemorethantwotab1.es.Usua1.1.ythehosthasarrangedthescatsa1.ready,andifyouarcenoughpatientto100karound,youwi1.1.tmdthatIhchostandhisfami1.iessionthemain(ab1.e.Whi1.einancientChina,wehaveatraditiona1.conceptIha1.peop1.ewhosi1.(heseatsontheIcf1.arcsuperiorthantherightones,hencerespectedguestsoro1.derpeop1.ea1.wayssitonthe1.eft.Andatthattime,womencannotsidownocat,mostoften,theywerea1.1.ocatedwithsomefoodandateatacorneroroutsi<1.ethedinningrm.intheUSAtheya1.sothink(heseatsontherightaremoresuperiorthantheseatson1.hc1.eft.Thecoup1.ewou1.d1.uxsitc1.osetoeachother,andsometimestheywou1.dsitatopposite,becausetheythinkthiskindofwaycanhe1.pthemhavemorecommunication,especia1.1.yeyecontact.Aswhatwesaidabove,westerncountriesobey1.adyfirstanditisc1.earAn>ericainc1.uded.Whenevertheyare.1.ady'spositionisveryhighanda1.waysrespectedbygen1.1.emen.3.3 ConceptofdietEverycountryhasitsownfeaturesdic1.,amongthesetwocountries,Chinesepeop1.eemphasizeonthe1.as(eoffoodwhi1.etheAmericansemphasizeOI1.Ihenutrition.Traditiona1.Chinesecookingmethodsinc1.udingsteandeep-fry.bake,roast,boi1.andsoon.Anyoneofthesemethodscanbreakdownnutrients.SOmCevenmaydoharmtoourhea1.th.Neverthe1.ess,noneofChinesePeoP1.Cthinkitisvita!impo11an,theyon1.ywanttopursue1.hcbesttaste.AndthehighestSianchrdofaChinesedietisitstaste.Whaiisknowntoa1.1.isIha1.Chinesepeop1.e1.ikeeatingfoodwithsa1.ine<as(ea1.though(heyhavea1.readyknowntoomuchsai1.isharmIu)1.(heirhea1.th.Whythissituationwou1.dhappen?Therearcsomereasons.Ontheonehand,cvcrj,Fami1.ycana11'o111.thep11ccofsa1.t,whichisacondimentinChina,sosa1.tnear1.ycanbeseenineveryChinesefood.Ontheotherhand,accordingtoasurvey,someonecanacceptthetasteofspicy,someonecanaccept(betasteofsweet,butmorepeop1.ewou1.d1.iketoacceptthe(asteofsa1.1.y,(hissurvey1.aidaso1.idfoundationorthepopu1.arofsa1.tyfood.ThCappearanceoffoodref1.ectsChinesetraditiona1.1.yPhiIoSoPhiCa1.viewfuzziness.ThuswepursueIhCbeautifu1.appearanceOffrKX1.surpassitsnutrition.Theu1.timatedemandofChinesecuisineistomergetogethereverj,kindoff1.avororrawmateria1.andmakeasatisfyingmea1.fordependents.Suchprocess1.aysstresson1.hccon1.>1.ofdetai1.sand(hecoordinateofentirefoodsystem.COntrUrytOChinesedietcu1.ture.Americans1.aymuchemphasisonfoodnutrition.AmericansthinkthateatingSCicnufkaIIynutritiousfoodiscritica1.,andtheypaymoreattention(oefficiencyandconvenience,anddonotcareabouttheappearanceofrvfinemenandnticu1.ousness(1.ockie,S.2002:54-57).,'WhaAmericanho1.dsingreataccountiswhethern1.rientcontent,inc1.udingprotein,fa1.carbohydrate,vitaminandotherinorganice1.ements,issuitab1.eandwhetherthenut11enicontentisbestabsorbed"CIay1.On.M.M.1994:12).Theyregarddietasakindofscience,andpursueasmuchasnutritioninfood.Inheiridea,everyonecannotsurviva1.wihoutfood,inotherwords,foodison1.y<ohe1.ppeop1.esurviva1.ratherIhangiveyouagoodtas1.e.Forthem,ge1.1.ingeneyistheon1.ytargetforthemtocat.Butgoingtoofarisasbadasnotgoingfarenough,today'srateofobesityintheUnitedStatesrisetoabout38percent,whichisthehighestratein1.hcwor1.d.InJiddition.Americans1.iketocatfoodwithIiu1.econdiment,someath1.etesorfitnessfanaticseveneatfoodjustboi1.edinoxtertoreduce1.ipid.Indeed,thisIypeofdietsystemisgoodforn1.abo1.ism.3.55 CrVingorderChineseservingorderUnitedusua1.1.y1.ike(his:First1.y,drinksandco1.ddisheswi1.1.beserved,youcanchatwithyourfriendsandea(someco1.ddish.Then,hexdisheswi1.1.beserved.OrChinesePeOP1.e1.ikeevennumbers,whateverdishesareserved,thenumberwi1.1.besix.eight,ten.twe1.veetc.BecauseChinesepeop1.ethinkevennumbersrepresentgood1.uckandhappiness.Next,stap1.efoodwi1.1.bescnrcd.Stap1.efoodmain1.yinc1.udericeorsteamedhun.A1.Iasi,dessertandfruitswi1.1.beserved.Whenthehostinvitedmanyfriends,then?wou1.dbemanytab1.esin(heroom,butthefood'sservingorderareIhesame,andco1.ddisheswi1.1.beSCrVeda1.thebeginning,thenhotdishesanddessert.Ifyou1.ake(heresponsibi1.itytoservera1.1.thepeop1.e,youshou1.dkeepinmindthatguestsarcthemostimportantpeop1.e,soyoushou1.dsenethemfirst,aftera1.1.theguestsarcserved,thehoststab1.eistheIasi.Somematten>needauemioninthisservingpgress.If(hedishes1.ikechicken,duckorfishareentire1.yasawho1.ebeings,ved.thenweshou1.dbecarefu1.Iha1.(heheadcanno<towardIhCemicposition.Aboutscrx,ingsystem,therearcdifferentforms.Somep1.acesorrestaurantswou1.dputthesamedishesonabigcrayfthenbringittotheguests,even-tab1.ecanhaveoneiftheytakeibyihcinM?1.vcs.Somep1.acesorrestaurantswou1.dorder(heirservantstoProWidea1.1.(hedishestoguestsWi1.hOU1.disturbing(bem.Whi1.esonicp1.aceswou1.ddividea1.1.thedishesintosma1.1.quan1.i(ythatisadequateforoneperson,thendistributetoeveryone.I,histypeofdistributmn1.ikes1.ideshow.SCrVingonedishatatime.America'sscningorderUnitedusua1.1.y1.ikethis:beforestap1.efood,theyUnitedusua1.1.ycangetbutcr,bread,co1.ddishes,soupandseafood.Co1.ddishesandsouparen½(chwithbreadtoeat(ogeherfirst.Asthefirs1.dish,co1.ddishcanbeeatentogetherwithape111.ifs.Theni1.istheperformanceofstap1.efood.Americanpeop1.e1.iketocata1.1.kindsofmeat,forinstance,beef,mutton,pork,chicken,fishandsoon.Xot1.ikeChinCSCpeop1.e,insomeoccasionsAmericansdon't1.iketochatwhi1.eeating.Icc<rcamandpuddingan?Iheirdessert.4.Reasons4.1 Geographica1.1.ocationsChinais1.ocatedin(becastofAsiaandthewestcoastof(hePacificOcean.NorthernChinesepeop1.e1.iketoeatpastaduetowheatisappropriategrownatthere.Northernarea'sterrainisopenandPIai1.handitsprecipitationisseasona1.SteamedbunsarcnecessaryfornorthernChinesepeop1.e,andIheydidnothavethefee1.ingofsatietywithouteatingit.SouthernChinasweatherishotandrainy,andthe1.oca1.fancrsknowwhatkindofgraincangrowbest,sotheyp1.antpaddyfie1.ds.SouthernChinesepeop1.eattachg,ea(impo11aetoco1.onsme1.1.andtasteoffood.TheirUS1.eissubduedandIhey1.ike(oaddsugarintotheirfood.Manypeop1.ea1.so1.ike(oeat11s,aquaticproductssuchasfish.crab,sa1.mon,etc.,andcatitwitha1.itt1.eCOndimen1.SouthernChinesepeop1.epayattentiontoexquisitefood,andeverymea1.wi1.1.havestewedsoup,a1.sowith1.ighttastes.MostofChina'sareasar1.ocatedinmonsoonCIimaIe.Ksrainandheatarein(hesameperiod,whichisconduciveto(hegrowthofcrops.1(boas1.ssevera1.1.a1.i(1.esand1.ongitudes.Ihusformingmu1.tip1.ec1.inuitczones,whichisconducivetothediversityofagricu1.ture.Theterrainiscomp1.exanddiverse,whichisconducive(o(hedeve1.op