NFPA Fire Protection Handbook-2003原版完整文件.pdf
FIRE PROTECTIONHANDBOOKNineteenth EditionVOLUMES I&IIArthur E.Cote,P.E.Editor-in-ChiefJohn R.Hall,Jr.,Ph.D.Pamela A.PowellCasey C.Grant,P.E.Associate EditorManaging EditorConsulting EditorRobert P.Benedetti,P.E.Guy R.Colonna,P.E.Mark T.ConroyArthur E.Cote,P.E.Rita Fahy,Ph.D.Casey C.Grant,P.E.Raymond A.Grill,P.E.John R.Hall,Jr.,Ph.D.Milosh T.Puchovsky,P.E.Dena E.SchumacherGary O.TokleRobert J.Vondrasek,P.E.Gregory E.Harrington,P.E.Section EditorsNational Fire Protection AssociationQuincy,MassachusettsEditor-in-Chief:Arthur E.Cote,P.E.Associate Editor:John R.Hall,Jr.,Ph.D.Managing Editor:Pamela A.PowellConsulting Editor:Casey C.Grant,P.E.Senior Developmental Editor:Robine J.AndrauDevelopmental Editor:Dana A.RichardsProject Editor:Irene F.HerlihyPermissions Editors:Josiane B.Domenici and Janet I.ProvostAdditional Readings Editor:Nora H.JasonEditorial-Production Services:Omegatype Typography,Inc.Interior Design:Omegatype Typography,Inc.Cover Design:Cameron,Inc.Manufacturing Manager:Ellen J.GliskerPrinter:Courier/NationalCopyright 2003National Fire Protection Association,Inc.One Batterymarch ParkQuincy,Massachusetts 02269All rights reserved.No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or uti-lized in any form without acknowledgment of the copyright owner,nor may it be used in anyform for resale without written permission from the copyright owner.Notice Concerning Liability:Publication of this work is for the purpose of circulating infor-mation and opinion among those concerned for fire and electrical safety and related subjects.While every effort has been made to achieve a work of high quality,neither NFPA nor the au-thors and contributors to this work guarantee the accuracy or completeness of or assume any li-ability in connection with the information and opinions contained in this work.The NFPA andthe authors and contributors in no event shall be liable for any personal injury,property,or otherdamages of any nature whatsoever,whether special,indirect,consequential,or compensatory,directly or indirectly resulting from the publication,use of,or reliance upon this work.This work is published with the understanding that the NFPA and the authors and contrib-utors to this work are supplying information and opinion but are not attempting to render engi-neering or other professional services.If such services are required,the assistance of anappropriate professional should be sought.The following are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association:National Electrical Codeand NECNational Fire CodesLife Safety Codeand 101National Fire Alarm Codeand NFPA 72Learn Not to BurnRisk WatchSparkyNFPA 5000 and Building Construction and Safety CodeNFPA No.:FPH1903ISBN:0-87765-474-3Library of Congress Control No.:2002105867Printed in the United States of America030405060754321DedicationIn recognition of those who suffered from the tragedies of September 11,2001,thisHandbook is dedicated to all who have given their lives in an effort to make thisworld a safer place.PrefacexvIntroductionxviiSECTION 1Safety in the Built Environment111.1IChallenges to Safety in the Built EnvironmentIJohn R.Hall,Jr.131.2IFundamentals of Safe Building DesignIMartin W.Johnson1331.3ICodes and Standards for the Built EnvironmentIArthur E.Cote and Casey C.Grant151SECTION 2Basics of Fire and Fire Science212.1IAn Overview of the Fire Problem and Fire ProtectionIJohn R.Hall,Jr.,and Arthur E.Cote252.2IFundamentals of Fire-Safe Building DesignIJohn M.Watts,Jr.2372.3IChemistry and Physics of FireID.D.Drysdale2512.4IDynamics of Compartment Fire GrowthIRichard L.P.Custer2732.5ITheory of Fire ExtinguishmentIRaymond Friedman2832.6IFundamentals of Fire DetectionIRichard L.P.Custer and James A.Milke2972.7IBasics of Passive Fire ProtectionIMarc L.Janssens21032.8IExplosionsIRobert Zalosh21192.9IEnvironmental Issues in Fire ProtectionIJane I.Lataille2133ContentsviiSECTION 3Information and Analysis for Fire Protection313.1IFire Loss InvestigationIRichard L.P.Custer353.2IFire Data Collection and DatabasesIMarty Ahrens,Stan Stewart,and Paul L.Cooke3153.3IUse of Fire Incident Data and StatisticsIMarty Ahrens,Patricia Frazier,and Jim Heeschen3333.4IIntroduction to Fire ModelingICraig Beyler and Philip J.DiNenno3693.5IDeterministic Computer Fire ModelsIWilliam D.Walton,Douglas J.Carpenter,and Christopher B.Wood3833.6IProbabilistic Fire ModelsIJohn M.Watts,Jr.3973.7IFire Hazard AnalysisIRichard W.Bukowski31053.8IFire Risk AnalysisIJohn R.Hall,Jr.31153.9ISimplified Fire Growth CalculationsIEdward K.Budnick,David D.Evans,and Harold E.Nelson31313.10ISimple Fire Hazard CalculationsIMorgan J.Hurley and James R.Quiter31473.11ISimplified Fire Risk CalculationsIJohn M.Watts,Jr.31613.12IApplying Models to Fire Protection Engineering Problems and Fire InvestigationsIRichard L.P.Custer31693.13IPerformance-Based Codes and Standards for Fire SafetyIMilosh T.Puchovsky31813.14IOverview of Performance-Based Fire Protection DesignIFrederick W.Mowrer31973.15IFormats for Fire Hazard Inspecting,Surveying,and MappingIThomas R.Wood3207SECTION 4Human Behavior in Fire Emergencies414.1IHuman Behavior and FireIJohn L.Bryan434.2ICalculation Methods for Egress PredictionIRita F.Fahy4334.3IConcepts of Egress DesignIJames K.Lathrop457SECTION 5Fire and Life Safety Education515.1IFire and Life Safety Education:A Measure of Fire Department ExcellenceIMeri-K Appy and Dennis Compton535.2IUsing Data for Public Education Decision MakingIJohn R.Hall,Jr.5175.3IFire and Life Safety Education:Theory and TechniquesIEdward Kirtley5315.4IReaching High-Risk GroupsISharon Gamache545viiiIContents5.5IUnderstanding Media:Basics for the Twenty-First CenturyIDena E.Schumacher5635.6IEvaluation Techniques for Fire and Life Safety EducationIKaren Frush and John R.Hall,Jr.5795.7ICampus Fire SafetyIEd Comeau5955.8IJuvenile FiresettingIPaul Schwartzman5107SECTION 6Fire Prevention616.1IElectrical Systems and AppliancesIRobert M.Milatovich676.2IControl of Electrostatic Ignition SourcesIDon R.Scarbrough and Thomas H.Pratt6556.3ILightning Protection SystemsIJohn M.Caloggero6656.4IEmergency and Standby Power SuppliesIGeorge W.Flach6796.5IHeating Systems and AppliancesIPeter J.Gore Willse6856.6IBoiler FurnacesIShelton Ehrlich61336.7IHeat Transfer Fluids and SystemsIJohn A.LeBlanc61476.8IIndustrial and Commercial Heat Utilization EquipmentIRaymond Ostrowski61536.9IOil Quenching and Molten Salt BathsIRaymond Ostrowski61756.10IStationary Combustion Engines and Fuel CellsIJames B.Biggins61876.11IMetalworking ProcessesIPaul G.Dobbs61936.12IAutomated Processing EquipmentIJohn F.Bloodgood62016.13IFluid Power SystemsIPaul K.Schacht62076.14IWelding,Cutting,and Other Hot WorkIAugust F.Manz62116.15IWoodworking Facilities and ProcessesIJohn M.Cholin62216.16ISpray Finishing and Powder CoatingIDon R.Scarbrough62376.17IDipping and Coating ProcessesIJohn Katunar III62496.18IPlastics Industry and Related Process HazardsIGeorge Ouellette62616.19IChemical Processing EquipmentIRichard F.Schwab62736.20IManufacture and Storage of Aerosol ProductsIDavid L.Fredrickson62876.21IStorage of Flammable and Combustible LiquidsIAnthony M.Ordile62976.22IStorage of GasesITheodore C.Lemoff and Carl Rivkin63156.23IStorage and Handling of ChemicalsIJohn A.Davenport63216.24IStorage and Handling of Solid FuelsIKenneth W.Dungan63376.25IStorage and Handling of RecordsIThomas Goonan63476.26IStorage and Handling of Grain Mill ProductsIJames E.Maness63616.27IGrinding ProcessesIDelwyn D.Bluhm63816.28IRefrigeration SystemsIHenry L.Febo,Jr.63936.29ILasersIYadin David64016.30ISemiconductor ManufacturingIRoger Benson and Heron Peterkin64076.31IWaste Handling and ControlILawrence G.Doucet64176.32IHazardous Waste ControlIGary R.Glowinski64416.33IHousekeeping PracticesIL.Jeffrey Mattern6457ContentsIixSECTION 7Organizing for Fire and Rescue Services717.1IFire Department Administration and OperationsIRobin Paulsgrove757.2IEvaluation and Planning of Public Fire ProtectionIJohn Granito7297.3IFire Department Information SystemsIBrian P.Duggan7517.4IFire Service Legal IssuesIMaureen Brodoff7677.5IFire Service Occupational Safety,Medical,and Health IssuesIStephen N.Foley7737.6IPre-Incident Planning for Industrial and Commercial FacilitiesIMichael J.Serapiglia7857.7IWildland Fire ManagementIDan W.Bailey and Richard E.Montague7957.8IPublic Fire Protection and Hazmat ManagementIMichael S.Hildebrand and Gregory G.Noll71117.9IManaging the Response to Hazardous Material IncidentsICharles J.Wright71297.10IOrganizing Rescue OperationsIRichard Wright71597.11IEffect of Building Construction and Fire Protection Systems on Fire Fighter SafetyIFrancis L.“Frank”Brannigan71697.12IFire Loss Prevention and Emergency OrganizationsIThomas F.Barry and Larry Watrous71877.13IEmergency Medical ServicesIJames O.Page72077.14IFire Prevention and Code EnforcementIRonald R.Farr and Steven F.Sawyer72117.15ITraining Fire and Emergency ServicesIDouglas P.Forsman72257.16IFire Department Facilities and Fire Training FacilitiesINicholas J.Cricenti72377.17IPublic Emergency Services Communication SystemsIEvan E.Stauffer72517.18IFire Department Apparatus and EquipmentIRobert Tutterow72637.19IFire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing and Protective EquipmentIBruce W.Teele72837.20IFire StreamsIMichael A.Wieder72997.21IPlanning Fire Station LocationsIRobert C.Barr and Anthony P.Caputo73117.22IAlternate Water SuppliesIDonald C.Freyer and Laurence J.Stewart73197.23IFireground OperationsIBernard J.Klaene and Russell Sanders7333SECTION 8Materials,Products,and Environments818.1IFire Hazards of MaterialsIFrederic B.Clarke858.2ICombustion Products and Their Effects on Life SafetyIGordon E.Hartzell813xIContents8.3IWood and Wood-Based ProductsIJohn M.Cholin8298.4IFire-Retardant and Flame-Resistant Treatments of Cellulosic MaterialsIJames R.Shaw8478.5IFibers and TextilesISalvatore A.Chines and Jeffrey O.Stull8618.6IFlammable and Combustible LiquidsIOrville M.Slye,Jr.8878.7IGasesITheodore C.Lemoff81018.8IMedical GasesIGuy R.Colonna81238.9IOxygen-Enriched AtmospheresIColeman J.Bryan and Joel M.Stoltzfus81338.10IPlastics and RubberIGuy R.Colonna81498.11IPesticidesIGreg Moerer,Larry Thompson,and Matthew Woody8173 8.12IExplosives and Blasting AgentsILon D.Santis81838.13IDeflagration(Explosion)VentingIRichard F.Schwab81938.14IExplosion Prevention and ProtectionIErdem A.Ural and Henry W.Garzia82018.15IDustsIRichard F.Schwab82218.16IMetalsIRobert W.Nelson82338.17IUpholstered Furniture and MattressesIVytenis Babrauskas82438.18IAir-Moving EquipmentIJane I.Lataille8269SECTION 9Detection and Alarm919.1IFire Alarm SystemsIWayne D.Moore959.2IAutomatic Fire DetectorsIJames C.Roberts9179.3INotification AppliancesIRobert P.Schifiliti9359.4IFire Alarm System InterfacesIFred Leber9439.5IFire Alarm Systems:Inspection,Testing,and MaintenanceIJohn M.Cholin9559.6IHousehold Fire Warning EquipmentIRichard W.Bukowski9799.7IFire Protection Surveillance and Fire Guard ServicesILawrence Wenzel9899.8IGas and Vapor Detection Systems and MonitorsIJohn M.Cholin9979.9ICarbon Monoxide Detection in Residential OccupanciesIArt Black9111SECTION 10Water-Based Suppression10110.1ICharacteristics and Hazards of Water and Water Additives for Fire SuppressionIJohn A.Frank10710.2IFixed Water Storage Facilities for Fire ProtectionIWilliam E.Wilcox101910.3IWater Distribution SystemsIGerald R.Schultz103710.4IWater Supply Requirements for Public Supply SystemsILawrence J.Wenzel1059ContentsIxi10.5IHydraulics for Fire ProtectionIKenneth W.Linder107110.6IDetermining Water Supply AdequacyIGerald R.Schultz109710.7IStationary Fire PumpsIJ.D.Jensen1011110.8IPower Supplies and Controllers for Motor-Driven Fire PumpsIJames S.Nasby and Milosh T.Puchovsky1012910.9IPrinciples of Automatic Sprinkler System PerformanceIRussell P.Fleming1015910.10IAutomatic SprinklersIKenneth E.Isman1017110.11IAutomatic Sprinkler SystemsIMilosh T.Puchovsky1018510.12ISprinkler Systems for Storage FacilitiesIJames E.Golinveaux and Joseph B.Hankins1021310.13IHanging and Bracing of Water-Based Fire Protection SystemsIRussell P.Fleming1023510.14IResidential Sprinkler SystemsIDaniel Madrzykowski and Russell P.Fleming1024710.15IWater Spray ProtectionIChristopher L.Vollman1026510.16IUltra-High-Speed Suppression Systems for Explosive HazardsIRobert M.Gagnon1027510.17IWater Mist Fire Suppression SystemsIJack R.Mawhinney1030110.18IStandpipe and Hose SystemsIJeffrey M.Shapiro1035110.19ICare and Maintenance of Water-Based Extinguishing SystemsIJames M.Fantauzzi and David R.Hague1036910.20IWater Supplies for Sprinkler SystemsIWayne M.Martin1039110.21IMicrobiologically Influenced Corrosion in Fire Sprinkler SystemsIBruce H.Clarke and Anthony M.Aguilera10403SECTION 11Fire Suppression without Water11111.1IHalogenated Agents and SystemsIGary M.Taylor11311.2IDirect Halon Replacement Agents and SystemsIPhilip J.DiNenno112111.3ICarbon Dioxide and Application SystemsIThomas J.Wysocki116511.4IChemical Extinguishing Agents and Application SystemsIJames D.Lake117711.5IFoam Extinguishing Agents and SystemsIJoseph L.Scheffey119111.6IFire Extinguisher Use and MaintenanceIMark T.Conroy1111911.7IExtinguishing Agents and Application Techniques for Combustible Metal FiresIRobert W.Nelson11141SECTION 12Confining Fires12112.1IBuilding and Site Planning for Fire SafetyIAlbert M.Comly,Jr.12512.2IBuilding ConstructionIRichard J.Davis1217xiiIContents12.3IInterior FinishIDonald W.Belles124312.4IStructural Integrity during FireIPeter J.Gore Willse126112.5IConfinement of Fire in BuildingsIHarold D.Hicks,Jr.129312.6ISmoke Movement in BuildingsIJames A.Milke and John H.Klote1211312.7IVenting PracticesIGunnar Heskestad1212712.8IStructural Fire Safety in One-and Two-Family DwellingsIRichard A.Morris1214512.9IVentilation of Commercial Cooking OperationsIDavid P.Demers1215112.10ISpecial StructuresIWayne D.Holmes1216512.11IEvaluating Structural DamageIDavid J.Hammond and Paul R.De Cicco1218312.12IBuilding Transportation SystemsIEdward A.Donoghue1219712.13IFire Hazards of Construction,Alteration,and Demolition of BuildingsIRichard J.Davis1221112.14IMiscellaneous Building ServicesIJohn E.Kampmeyer1222112.15IAir-Conditioning and Ventilating SystemsIWilliam A.Webb12237SECTION 13Systems Approaches to Property Classes13113.1IAssessing Life Safety in BuildingsIJohn M.Watts,Jr.13513.2IOccupancies in Special Structures and High-Rise BuildingsIWayne D.Holmes131513.3IAssembly OccupanciesIGregory E.Harrington132913.4IMercantile OccupanciesIEd Schultz134113.5IBusiness OccupanciesIBrian L.Marburger134913.6IEducational and Day-Care OccupanciesICatherine L.Stashak135913.7IDetention and Correctional FacilitiesIThomas W.Jaeger136713.8IHealthcare OccupanciesIDaniel J.OConnor137713.9IBoard and Care FacilitiesIPhilip R.Jose139513.10ILodging OccupanciesIApril Leyla Berkol and Thomas G.Daly1310313.11IApartment BuildingsIKenneth Bush1311313.12ILodging or Rooming HousesIAlfred J.Longhitano and Mario A.Antonetti1312513.13IOne-and Two-Family DwellingsIHarry
