乙肝疫苗到底打还是不打.docx
乙肝疫苗究竟打还是不打乙肝疫苗究竟打还是不打深圳乙肝疫苗的事务还在持续发酵,而最近,又传出了永喜有孩了在打乙肝疫苗后死亡的消息。记者今日从省疾病预防限制中心了解到,得知永嘉一婴儿死亡的传闻后,省疾控马上派出一位专家赶赴当地,帮助当地卫生部门调查详细状况。截止目前,调查仍在接着中。但一系列的乙肝疫苗事务,让刚晋升父母的新爸妈们手足无措起来:这乙肝疫苗究竟打还是不打?为什么肯定在诞生后立刻打?新生儿对乙肝病毒无免疫力,24小时内接种96%以上能阻断母婴传播记者从省疾控中心采访了解到:因为新生儿对乙肝病毒无免疫力,而且免疫功能尚不健全,一旦感染了乙肝病毒,则成为乙肝病毒表面携带者,小于1岁婴儿感染乙肝病毒后,符有90%以上的人会变成慢性乙肝病毒表面抗原携带者。省疾控中心在调查带有乙肝病毒表面抗原阳性、e抗原阳性母亲所生的婴儿,24小时内接种乙肝疫苗者,96%以上都能达到阻断母婴传播。但是在24小时之后接种者仅80%能阻断,也就是在诞生24小时以后接种乙肝疫苗的婴儿不能阻断乙肝母婴传播的风险,比24小时内接种者高5倍。因此,新生儿出生24小时内接种乙肝疫苗,越早接种效果越好。这不但是我们国家的乙肝免疫策略,也是世界卫生组织的免疫策略。目前浙江运用的乙型肝炎疫苗属于基因工程疫苗,制备技术是平安、成熟的,严峻异样反应发生率特别低。除统一疫苗采供、创建规范化预防接种门诊和培训预防接种人员,浙江2005年起先建立接种疑似预防接种异样反应监测系统,目前该监测系统已经全面覆盖全省全部的市和县。世界卫生组织在其他国家对乙肝疫苗的接种除了过敏以外基本没有禁忌症,但是我国从平安角度考虑,将有急性疾病或者严峻的慢性疾病,或者慢性疾病急性发作或者发热时作为乙肝疫苗接种的禁忌症。在接种疫苗前,家长需协作接种人员,做好对新生儿健康状况的问诊和一般健康检查,供应新生儿的健康状况,包括诞生时是否足月顺产、诞生体重多少,新生儿诞生评分状况,有无先天性诞生缺陷,是否现患某种疾病等等,以便接种人员正确驾驭疫苗接种的禁忌证,并确定是否接种疫苗。乙肝疫苗接种后可能会出现稍微一般反应,如在接种部位出现难受和触痛,多数状况下2-3天内可H行消逝:出现一过性发热、红肿难受等,一般持续1-2天后可自行缓解;接种部位硬结一般则在1-2月内可臼行汲取。极为罕见的过敏性休克一般在接种后1小时内发生。新生儿接种乙肝疫苗留意事项:1.接种前最好检测下是否有发烧症状,对于检测体温高的婴儿,建议主动治疗,待体温复原正常水平后,再接种乙肝疫苗为宜,以免对感冒和疫苗接种效果不利;泗水县中医医院内科孙庆才2.属于过敏体质的婴儿,尤其是发生过严峻过敏反应的,在接种前肯定要说明过敏史,再依据详细状况判定是否接种乙肝疫苗;3.伴有先天性免疫缺陷病、严峻心脏病、急性传染病、湿疹等疾病的婴儿,建议不要接种乙肝疫苗4.符合接种条件的婴儿,在接种完毕后,建议视察15-30分钟,以确保无异样反应的发生;5.婴儿接种乙肝疫苗后,加之婴儿自身反抗力较差,应留意接种部位的卫生,以免引起不必要的感染:6.对于局部会出现红、肿、痛、发痒或有低热稍微异样的现象的婴儿,可实行物理降温、饮水、休息等对症治疗,多数该稍微的异样反应会自然消退。相关链接:乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)系由乙肝病毒引起的一种在全球广泛流行的传染病。乙肝病毒主要侵扰肝脏,引起炎症反应,破坏肝疫苗,导致肝功能受损,其临床表现为乏力、食欲减退、恶心、呕吐、厌油、肝大及肝功能异样,其主要传播途径为血源传播、口常生活接触、母婴垂直传播等。1992年我国开展了一次全国范围内的病毒性肝炎血清流行病学调查。结果显示,当时我国人群中乙肝病毒感染率为57.63%,乙肝病毒表面抗原流行率为9.75%0同期浙江省开展的人群乙肝血清流行病学调查结果显示,15岁以下儿童乙肝感染率为49.52%,全人群乙肝病毒感染率为65.24%,1-59岁人群乙肝表面抗原携带率为11.61乐高于全国平均水平。依据世界卫生组织乙肝流行强度的划分定义,浙江在全球属于高流行区。针对乙肝高流行的态势,H2002年浙江将乙肝疫苗纳入儿童免疫规划,由政府出资购买乙肝疫苗开展免费接种以来,儿童乙肝疫苗接种率和新生儿乙肝首针24小时内刚好接种率始终维持在95%以上的较高水平。2006年乙肝血清流行病学调查结果显示,浙江省人群乙肝表面抗原标化阳性率下降至8.46%,较1992年下降了27.13乐其中14岁儿童阳性案下降至0.71%,较1992年下降了83.5%o2008-2012年报告发病率范围为33.19-37.79/】0万,发病率也呈逐年下降趋势。深圳乙肝疫苗的事务还在持续发酵,而最近,乂传出了永嘉有孩子在打乙肝疫苗后死亡的消息。记者今日从省疾病预防限制中心了解到,得知永嘉一婴儿死亡的传闻后,省疾控马上派出一位专家赶赴当地,帮助当地卫生部门调查详细状况。截止目前,调查仍在接着中。但一系列的乙肝疫苗事务,让刚晋升父母的新爸妈们手足无措起来:这乙肝疫苗窕竞打还是不打?为什么肯定在诞生后立刻打?新生儿对乙肝病毒无免疫力,24小时内接种96与以上能阻断母婴传播记者从省疾控中心采访了解到:因为新生儿对乙肝病毒无免疫力,而且免疫功能尚不健全,一旦感染了乙肝病毒,则成为乙肝病毒表面携带者,小于1岁婴儿感染乙肝病毒后,将有90%以上的人会变成慢性乙肝病毒表面抗原携带者。省疾控中心在调查带有乙肝病毒表面抗原阳性、e抗原阳性母亲所生的婴儿,24小时内接种乙肝疫苗者,96舟以上都能达到阻断母婴传播。但是在24小时之后接种者仅80%能阻断,也就是在诞生24小时以后接种乙肝疫苗的婴儿不能阻断乙肝母婴传播的风险,比24小时内接种者高5倍。因此,新生儿出生24小时内接种乙肝疫苗,越号接种效果越好。这不但是我们国家的乙肝免疫策略,也是世界卫生组织的免废策略O目前浙江运用的乙型肝炎疫苗属于基因工程疫苗,制备技术是平安、成熟的,严峻异样反应发生率特别低。除统一疫苗采供、创建规范化预防接种门诊和培训预防接种人员,浙江2005年起先建立接种疑似预防接种异样反应监测系统,目前该监测系统已经全面茂盖全省全部的市和县。世界卫生组织在其他国家对乙肝疫苗的接种除了过敏以外基本没有禁忌症,但是我国从平安角度考虑,将有急性疾病或者严峻的慢性疾病,或者慢性疾病急性发作或者发热时作为乙肝疫苗接种的禁忌症。在接种疫苗前,家长需协作接种人员,做好对新生儿健康状况的问诊和一般健康检查,供应新生儿的健康状况,包括诞生时是否足月顺产、诞生体重多少,新生儿诞生评分状况,有无先天性诞生缺陷,是否现患某种疾病等等,以便接种人员正确驾驭疫苗接种的禁忌证,并确定是否接种疫苗。乙肝疫苗接种后可能会出现稍微一般反应,如在接种部位出现难受和触痛,多数状况下2-3天内可自行消逝:出现一过性发热、红肿难受等,一般持续卜2天后可自行缓解;接种部位硬结一般则在1-2月内可自行汲取。极为罕见的过敏性休克一般在接种后1小时内发生。新生儿接种乙肝疫苗留意事项:1.接种前最好检测下是否有发烧症状,对于检测体温高的婴儿,建议主动治疗,待体温豆原正常水平后,再接种乙肝疫苗为宜,以免对感冒和疫苗接种效果不利;泗水县中医医院内科孙庆才2.属于过敏体质的婴儿,尤其是发生过严峻过敏反应的,在接种前肯定要说明过敏史,再依据详细状况判定是否接种乙肝疫苗:3.伴有先天性免疫缺陷病、严峻心脏病、急性传染病、湖疹等疾病的婴儿,建议不要接种乙肝疫苗4.符合接种条件的婴儿,在接种完毕后,建议视察1530分钟,以确保无异样反应的发生:5.婴儿接种乙肝疫苗后,加之婴儿F1.身反抗力较差,应留意接种部位的卫生,以免引起不必要的感染:6.对于局部会出现红、肿、痛、发痒或有低热稍微异样的现象的婴儿,可实行物理降温、饮水、休息等对症治疗,多数该稍微的异样反应会自然消退。相关链接:乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)系由乙肝病毒引起的一种在全球广泛流行的传染病。乙肝病毒主要侵扰肝脏,引起炎症反应,破坏肝疫苗,导致肝功能受损,其临床表现为乏力、食欲减退、恶心、呕吐、厌油、肝大及肝功能异样,其主要传播途径为血源传播、日常生活接触、母婴垂直传播等。1992年我国开展了一次全国范围内的病毒性肝炎血清流行病学调查。结果显示,当时我国人群中乙肝病毒感染率为57.63%,乙肝病毒表面抗原流行率为9.75%o同期浙江省开展的人群乙肝血清流行病学调杳结果显示,15岁以下儿童乙肝感染率为49.52%,全人群乙肝病毒感染率为65.24%,159岁人群乙肝表面抗原携带率为11.61%,高于全国平均水平。依据世界卫生组织乙肝流行强度的划分定义,浙江在全球属于高流行区。针对乙肝高流行的态势,自2002年浙江将乙肝疫苗纳入儿童免疫规划,由政府出资购买乙肝疫苗开展免费接种以来,儿童乙肝疫苗接种率和新生儿乙肝首针24小时内刚好接种率始终维持在95%以上的较高水平。2006年乙肝血清流行病学调查结果显示,浙江省人群乙肝表面抗原标化阳性率下降至8.46%,较1992年下降了27.13%,其中14岁儿童阳性率下降至0.71%,较1992年下降了83.5%。2008-2012年报告发病率范围为33.19-37.79/10万,发病率也呈逐年下降趋势。Shenzhenfermentationintheeventofthehepatitisbvaccineiscontinuing,andmorerecent1.y,aboutthea1.waysfinewithchi1.drenp1.ayingthehepatitisbvaccineafterthenewsofdeath.Reportertodayunderstandsfromprovincia1.centerfordiseasecontro1.andprevention,afterrumorsthata1.waysfineoneinfantdeath,provincia1.CDCimmediate1.ysentanexpertto1.oca1.,assistthe1.oca1.hea1.thdepartmentsurveydctaiIs.Sofar,theinvestigationcontinues.Butaseriesofsecond1.ivervaccineevent,1.etjustpromotionparents,newparentsatsea:thehepatitisbvaccinetop1.ayornot?Whymustimmediate1.yafterbirth?Newbornbabieshavenoimmunitytohepatitisbvirus,vaccinationwithin24hoursbymorethan96%canpreventmother-to-chi1.dtransmissionThereporterunderstandsfromprovincia1CDCinterview:becausethenewbornhasnoimmunitytohepatitisbvirus,andimmuneechronichepatitisbvirussurfaceantigencarriers.Provincecenterfordiseasecontro1.andpreventionintheinvestigationwiththehepatitisbvirussurfaceantigenpositive,babiesborntomotherswiththeeantigenpositive,hepatitisbvaccinationin24hours,morethan96%isab1.etob1.ockmother-to-chi1.dtransmission.Butin24hoursaftervaccinatedwithon1.y80%canb1.ock,whichisbornin24hourafterhepatitisbvaccinationofinfantsnotpreventtheriskofmother-to-chi1.dtransmissionofhepatitisb,5timeshigherthanvaccinatedwithin24hours.Therefore,thenewbornhepatitisbvaccinationin24hours,Ihcear1.ierinocu1.ation,thebettertheresu1.ts.Itisthehepatitisbimmunizationstrategyofourcountry,isa1.sothewor1.dhea1.thorganization(who)immunizationstrategy.Zhejiangcurrent1.yUSESthehepatitisbvaccinebe1.ongstothegeneticengineeringvaccine,thepreparationtechno1.ogyissafe,mature,seriousabnorma1.reactionrateisvery1ow.Inadditiontotheunifiedvaccinesupp1.y,creatingstandardizedimmunizationvaccinationoutpatientserviceandtrainingpersonncI,zhejiangin2005begantobui1.dinocu1.ationagainstsuspectedabnorma1.reactionmonitoringsystem,atpresentthemoniIoringsystemhasbeenfu1.Iycovereda)1citiesandcountiesintheprovince.Thewor1.dhea1.thorganizationinothercountriesofthehcpa1.itisbvaccineinocu1.ationexcepta1.1.ergicbasicnocontraindications,butinourcountryfromasecuritypointofview,wi1.1.haveacutediseaseorseverechronicdiseases,acuteorchronicdiseaseorfeverascontraindicationofhepatitisbvaccination.Beforevaccination,parentsneedtocooperate,makevisitsandgenera1.hea1.thcheckoftheneonata1.hea1.th,providesthehea1.thofthenewborn,inc1.udingwhetherbornfu1.1.-termnatura1.birth,birthweight,birthrate,presenceofcongenita1.birthdefects,andisnowsufferingfromadiseaseandsoon,sothatpersonne1.tocorrect1.ygraspthecontraindicationsofvaccination,inocu1.ationanddeterminewhetherthevaccine.Hepatitisbvaccinationmayappearsiight1.yaftergenera1.reaction,suchaspainandtendernessinthevaccinationsite,inmostcaseswithin2-3dayscandisappear;transientfever,SWCuingpain,etc.,1.asts1to2days1.atercanease;Thevaccinationsitesc1eromaisgenera1.1.yin1to2monthstobeab1.etoabsorbonitsown.rareanaphy1.acticshockgenera1.1.yoccurswithin1hourafterinocu1.ation.Neona1.a1.hepatitisbvaccinationtonote:1.Vaccinationbeforetestingwhethertohaveafever,bestforbabytesttemperatureishigh,suggestactivetreatment,afterwaitingforbodytemperaturereturnedtonorma1.1.eve1.,thenitisadvisab1.etohepa1.itisbvaccination,inordertoavoidadversetotheco1.dandvaccinationeffect;Hospita1.oftraditiona1.Chinesemedicineinterna1.medicineSunQingtosurabayacounty2.Babybe1.ongtoa1.1.ergicconstitution,especia1.Iyhadseverea1.1.ergicreactions,beforeinocu1.ationmustshowhistoryofa1.1.ergies,accordingtothespecificcircumstancesdecidewhetherhepatitisbvaccination;3.Thecongenita1.immunodeficiencydisease,heartdisease,severeacuteinfectiousdiseases,diseasessuchaseczemababy,hepatitisbvaccinationisnotrecommended4.Meettherequirementsfortheinocu1.ationofbaby,afterthevaccination,suggestionof15'30minutes,toensurethatnoabnorma1.reaction;5.Aftertheinfanthepatitisbvaccination,coup1.edwithpoorresistance,theirbabies,shou1.dpayattentiontothehea1.ththevaccinationsite,1.estcauseunnecessaryinfection;6.The1.oca1.wi1.1.appearred,swo1.1.en,pain,itching,orhavea1.owtherma1.babymi1.dabnorma1.phenomenon,cantakephysica1.coo1.ing,water,rest,suchassymptomatictreatment,mostoftheminorwi1.1.natura1.1.ye1.iminateabnorma1.reaction.Re1.evant1.ink:Hepatitisbvira1.hepatitis(hepatitisb)causedbyhepatitisbvirusintheg1.oba1.widespreadinfectiousdiseases.Hepatitisbvirusmain1.yaffectsthe1.iver,causinginf1.ammationanddamage1ivervaccineand1.eadto1iverdamage,itsc1.inica1.manifestationis1.ackofpower,1.ossofappetite,nausea,vomiting,bigoi1,IiverandIiverfunctionisabnorma1.,themainrouteoftransmissionofb1.oodtransmission,dai1.ycontact,mother-to-chiIdvertica1.transmission,etc.In1992,ourcountryhas1.aunchedanationwidevira1.hepatitisserumepidemio1.ogyinvestigation.Resu1.tsshowthat,whenourcountrycrowdhepatitisbvirus(HBV)infectionratewas57.63%,hepatitisbvirussurfaceantigenpreva1.enceratewas9.75%.Overthesameperiodinzhejiangprovincetocarryoutthecrowdhepatitisbserumepidemio1.ogysurvey,chiIdrenundertheageof15hepatitisbinfectionratewas49.52%,thetota1.popu1.ationofhepatitisbvirusinfectionratewas65.24%,1'59yearso1.dcrowdhepatitisbsurfaceantigencarryingratewas11.61%,higherthanthenationa1.average.Accordingtothedefinitionofthedivisionofthewor1.dhea1.thorganization(who)hepatitishepidemicintensity,zhejiangbe1.ongstohighendemicareasinthewor1.d.Inviewofthehighpreva1.enceofhepatitisb,since2002,zhejiangtothehepatitisbvaccineintochiIdren,Simmunizationprogrammes,fundedbythegovernmenttobuyforfreehepatitisbvaccineimmunization,b1.iverhepatitisbvaccinationratesinchiIdrenandnewbornbabiesfirstneed1.etime1.ycoveragewi11a1.waysremainabove95%in24hoursofahigher1.eve1.Hepatitisbserumepidemio1.ogica1.surveyin2006,accordingtotheresu1.tsofzhejiangcrowdhepatitisbsurfaceantigenpositiveratefe1.1.to8.46%,down27.13%from1992,ofwhich14yearso1.dchi1.dren*spositiveratefe1.1.to0.71%,down83.5%from1992.Reportincidencerangefrom2008to2012to33.19per37.79/10,incidenceofadiseaseisdec1.iningtrendyearbyyear.Shenzhenfermentationintheeventofthehepatitisbvaccineiscontinuing,andmorerecent1.y,aboutthea1.waysfinewithchiIdrenp1.ayingthehepatitisbvaccineafterthenewsofdeath.Reportertodayunderstandsfromprovincia1.centerfordiseasecontro1.andprevention,afterrumorsthata1.waysfineoneinfantdeath,provincia1.CDCimmediate1.ysentanexpertto1.oca1.,assistthe1.oca1.hea1.thdepartmentsurveydetai1.s.Sofar,theinvestigationcontinues.Butaseriesofsecond1.ivervaccineevent,1.etjustpromotionparents'newparentsatsea:thehepatitisbvaccinetop1.ayornot?Whymustimmediate1.yafterbirth?Newbornbabieshavenoimmunitytohepatitisbvirus,vaccinationwithin24hoursbymorethan96%canpreventmother-to-chiIdtransmissionThereporterunderstandsfromprovincia1.CDCinterview:becausethenewbornhasnoimmunitytohcpatitisbvirus,andimmunefunctionisnotperfect,onceinfectedwiththehepatitisbvii'us,ascarriersofhepatitisbvirussurface,1.essthan1yearo1.dbabyafterhepatitisbvirusinfection,therewi1.1.bemorethan90%ofpeop1.ewi1.1.becomechronichepatitisbvirussurfaceantigencarriers.Provincecenterfordiseasecontro1.andpreventionintheinvestigationwiththehepatitisbVirUSsurfaceantigenpositive,babiesborntomotherswiththeeantigenpositive,hepatitisbvaccinationin24hours,morethan96%isab1.etob1.ockmother-to-chiIdtransmission.Butin24hoursaftervaccinatedwithon1.y80%canb1.ock,whichisbornin24hourafterhepatitisbvaccinationofinfantsnotpreventtheriskofmother-to-chiIdtransmissionofhepatitisb,5timeshigherthanvaccinatedwithin24hours.Therefore,thenewbornhepatitisbvaccinationin24hours,theear1.ierinocu1.ation,thebettertheresu1.ts.Itisthehepatitisbimmunizationstrategyofourcountry,isa1.sothewor1.dhea1.thorganization(who)immunizationstrategy.Zhejiangcurrent1.yUSESthehepatitisbvaccinebe1.ongstothegeneticengineeringvaccine,thepreparationtechno1.ogyissafe,mature,seriousabnorma1.reactionrateisvery1ow.Inadditiontotheunifiedvaccinesupp1.y,creatingstandardizedimmunizationvaccinationoutpatientserviceandtrainingpersonne1.,zhejiangin2005begantobui1.dinocu1.ationagainstsuspectedabnorma1.reactionmonitoringsystem,atpresentthemonitoringsystemhasbeenfu1.1.ycovereda1.1.citiesandcountiesintheprovince.Thewor1.dhea1.thorganizationinothercountriesofthehepatitisbvaccineinocu1.ationexcepta1.1.ergicbasicnocontraindications,butinourcountryfromasecuritypointofview,wi1.1.haveacutediseaseorseverechronicdiseases,acuteorchronicdiseaseorfeverascontraindicationofhepatitisbvaccination.Beforevaccination,parentsneedtocooperate,makevisitsandgenera1.hea1.thcheckoftheneonata1.hea1.th,providesthehea1.thofthenewborn,inc1.udingwhetherbornfu1.1.-termnatura1.birth,birthweight,birthrate,presenceofcongenita1.birthdefects,andisnowsufferingfromadiseaseandsoon,sothatpersonne1.tocorrect1.ygraspthecontraindicationsofvaccination,inocu1.ationanddeterminewhetherthevaccine.Hepatitisbvaccinationmayappearsiight1.yaftergenera1.reaction,suchaspainandtendernessinthevaccinationsite,inmostcaseswithin2-3dayscandisappear;Atransientfever,SWe1.1.ingpain,etc.,1.asts1to2days1.atercanease:Thevaccinationsitesc1eromaisgenera1.1.yin1to2monthstobeab1.etoabsorbonitsown.rareanaphy1.acticshockgenera1.1.yoccurswithin1hourafterinocu1.ation.NeonataIhepatitisbvaccinationtonote:1.Vaccinationbeforetestingwhethertohaveafever,bestforbabytesttemperatureishigh,suggestactivetreatment,afterwaitingforbodytemperaturereturnedtonorma11.eve1.,thenitisadvisab1.etohepatitisbvaccination,inordertoavoidadversetotheco1.dandvaccinationeffect:Hospitaioftraditiona1.Chinesemedicineinterna1.medicineSunQingtosurabayacounty2.Babybe1.ongtoa1.1.ergicconstitution,especia1.1.yhadseverea1.1.ergicreactions,beforeinocu1.ationmustshowhistoryofa1.1.ergies,accordingtothespecificcircumstancesdecidewhetherhepatitisbvaccination;3.Thecongenita1.immunodeficiencydisease,heartdisease,severeacuteinfectiousdiseases,diseasessuchaseczemababy,hepatitisbvaccinationisnotrecommended4.Meettherequirementsfortheinocu1.ationofbaby,afterthevaccination,suggestionof1530minutes,toensurethatnoabnorma1.reaction;5.Aftertheinfanthepatitisbvaccination,coup1.edwithpoorresistance,theirbabies,shou1.dpayattentiontothehea1.ththevaccinationsite,1.estcauseunnecessaryinfection;6.The1.oca1.wi1.1.appearred,swo1.1.en,pain,itching,orhavea1.owtherma1.babymiIdabnorma1.phenomenon,cantakephysica1.coo1.ing,water,rest,suchassymptomatictreatment,mostoftheminorwi1.1.natura1.1.ye1.iminateabnorma1.reaction.Re1.evant1.ink:Hepatitisbvira1.hepatitis(hepatitisb)causedbyhepatitisbvirusintheg1.oba1.widespreadinfectiousdiseases.Hepatitisbvirusmain1.yaffectsthe1iver,causinginf1.ammationanddamage1ivervaccineand1.eadto1.iverdamage,itsc1.inica1.manifestationis1.ackofpower,1.ossofappetite,nausea,vomiting,bigoi1.,1.iverand1.iverfunctionisabnorma1.,themainrouteoftransmissionofb1.oodtransmission,dai1.ycontact,mother-to-chi1.dvertica1.transmission,etc.In1992,ourcountryhas1.aunchedanationwidevira1.hepatitisserumepidemio1.ogyinvestigation.Resu1.tsshowthat,whenourcountrycrowdhepatitisbvirus(HBV)infectionratewas57.63%,hepatitisbvirussurfaceantigenpreva1.enceratewas9.75%.Overthesameperiodinzhejiangprovincetocarryoutthecrowdhepatitisbserumepidemio1.ogysurvey,chi1.drenundertheageof15hepatitisbinfectionratewas49.52%,thetota1.popu1.ationofhepatitisbvirusinfectionratewas65.24%,1'59yearso1.dcrowdhepatit