Module 3 Journey to space 词句精讲精练.docx
Module3Journeytospace词句精讲词汇储讲1.earthCarth为名词,意为2泥土土城二earth为名词还意为“地球”,通常须要在前面加上定冠词(he.例如:TheIreeSandgrassescans<op(hewindfromblowing(heearthaway.树和草可以阻挡风把上吹走。hcfloorisearthbuthard.虽然是湿地,但是很坚实.Theea11hgoesaroundthesun.地球因箭太阳科.2.reach1. )reach意为“到达”,是及物动词,可以干脆接宾语.例如:I'llcallyouassoonasIreachNewYork.我一到达纽约就给你打电话.Whenwcreachedthestation,thetrainhadleft.当我们到达军时,火车已钱离开了.【拓展】表示“到达”的词汇还有get2和ativein,getto:arrivein:reach的辨析:gettoarrivei11alreach>a+Beijing(地点名词)getarrive.A+home:here:Ihae(地点副词)例如:TheyarrivedinBcijingyesterday.他们昨天到的北京-Hearrivesalschoolateig<everyInorning.他f天早上八点到达学校.Whenyouarrivehome,pleasegivemeacall.到家的时候请给我打个电话。They,llgettoBcijingatsixtonight.他们符在今晚六点到达北京“lgetthereontime.我会按时到达那里.2. )reach意为“二得到”,后面干脆接宾语。例如:Hetriesl>getIheappleabovetheshelf,butfails(oreachit.他尽力去够架子上的苹果但是没鲂著.3. yet(1)ye1作副词,意为-到此时,至今,还,尚未“,用于否定句中。例如:Wehaven'theardfromhimyet.我们还没有收到他的来信”mnotyetsureifwccouldwin.我还没有把握确定我们是否能寂.作副词,意为“已经”,用于疑问旬中.例如:Iseverythingreadyye?一切打算就绪了吗?Hastheshipleftyet?轮船己经离开了吗?(3)作副词,意为“仍旧,还是”,用于确定句中.例如:Hcsyetachild.他还是个孩子.(4)作连词,意为“然而,可是:例如:Youcandrawuhorseinfiveminutes,yetyoukeptneWaiIingforayear,why?你能在五分怦之内面好一匹马.然而你却让我等了年.为什么?Hctrainedhardallyear,yetshedidn'twinaprizeinthecompetition.他全年挪口苦训练,然而在竟赛中却没能获奖.【拓展】yet和already的辨析:yet用于疑问句或否定句时,放在句末.例如:Haveyoufinishedyet?你完成了吗?Hehasn'tdoneitye(.他还没有干完呢.a辰ady常用于确定陈述句中,一般位于助动词之后,实义动词之前。例如:Thetrainhasalreadyleft.火车已经开走了.4. alone(DalOne作副词,意为“单独地,孤独地”,相当于byoneself,例如;Itwaskx»heavyforme(ocarrj-thebagalone.我独自背这个袋子,JX是太重了。(2)alOnC作形容诃.意为,单独的.独自的只能作表作,不能作定语.例如:Hewasaloneinhchouse.他个人在屋子里.【辨析】alone和Ionelyak>ne既可作形容词,也可作副词,表示“单独一人,无人相伴”,陈述客观事实。Ioncly只能作形容词.表示孤独的.孤独的带有剧烈的感情色调:此外,还可表示“荒芜的,偏僻的常作定语.例如:Thoughtheoldmanisalone,hedoesn'tfeellonely.虽然那位老人是一个人,但他并不感到孤独,Mygrandfatherusedtoliveinalonelyvillage.我爷爷过去住在一个偏擀的小村庄里.5. discoverdis8ver是动词,意为“发觉”,其后可按名词、代词、疑问词+不定式及Ihal从句等.例如:Wcneverdiscoveredhowtoopenthebox.我们从未弄清晰如何打开这个盒子.【拓展】(DdiSeOVer意为1发觉”,指有意或无意地发觉已经存在尚不为人知的物,例如:ChinahasdiscoveredilundertheSouthChinaSea.中国在南海发觉了石油。(2) find意为“找到、发觉”,指偶然发觉或经过一番找寻,找到值得或所需的东西.强调我的结果.例如:Ifound(hebkIwaslookingfor.我找到了始终在找的书,(3) CndoU1意为“皆明白、弄清晰”,多用于经过调老、分析、探讨等手段查出的状况,杳出的东西往往是抽象的,如时间、事实、真相等.例如:Pleasefindoutwhenthemcc(ingstarts.请查一下会议什么时候起先.(4) invent意为“独创”指经过探讨、设计而创建出原本未有的东西,例如:Cai1.uninvented(hepaper.柒伦独创了纸.6. nonenone意为“没有,都不表示全部否定,可指人或物.常与of连用,后接可数名词时,谓语动词用单、复数形式均可,接不行数名词时,调语动词只能用单数形式,常回答howmany/much的何句。例如:Howmanystudentsarcthereintheclassroom?教室里有多少学生?None.一个也没有.NoneofusIikeSher,我们当中没有一个人喜爱她。【拓展】(1)noone=nobody意为没有人”.总独作主语.其调语动词用单数形式,其后不能接of.结构.在简略回答中,回答who的问句.例如:Whoisintheroom?谁在房间里?Noone.没有人,Nobodywillmakefriendswithhim.没行人情忸与他交挚友.(2)nothing意为“没有什么,没有东西”,只能指物.常用来I可答What、in?例如:Whafsinthebox?箱子里有什么?-Nothing.什么都没有.7. light(I)Iight作不行数名词,意为光:光亮:光税*例如:Thesungivesoutlightandbeat.太阳发出光和热.Hcreadtheletterbythelightofthecandle.他在烛光下读那封信.(2) Iight作可数名词,意为,电灯:光源”。例如;Don'tcrosstheroadwhenthetrafficlightsarcred.当交通灯是红色时,不要横穿公路.Iight作形容词,意为“轻的:浅色的”.例如:Istheboxheavyorlight?那箱子是重还是轻?1likethelightgreendress.我喜爱哪件浅标色的裕子.(4)Iighl作动词,意为“点燃:熙光”.例如:HeSaldownandlitaCigareUe.他坐下来.点了一支助.K.finishfinish意为“完成,结束“,作及物动词时,其后可跟名词、代词或动名词。即;finishsth.或finishdoingslh.(例如:Ifinishedmyhomeworkthismorning.我今日上午做完了作业.WhendidyoufinishdrawingthePiCtUrc?你什么时候话完那副画的?【拓展】能接u-ing作宾语的动词还有:PrKIiCe:enjoy:mind:keep等.practicedoingsth.练习做某事enjoydoingsth.喜爱做某耶minddoingst.介意做某出keepdoingsth.始终做某事词汇精练I.英汉短语互译.Ibeupto2. faraway3. ontheearth4. billionsof5. as.as.6. 没问晒7. ±|«J8. 搜寻9. 多于,邮过10. 和某人沟通H.依据句意和Ir字母提示完成单询.1. Tbcrcarcsbooksontheshelf.2. TbeltisIheeah,(hesun*Ihen>onandmanyotherstasintheu.3. Wearcaontheisland*bulwedon'tfeellonely.4. She'sjeatenherlunch.5. Howdoyouchangeourc?6. Wesent(heio(heeanh.7. HesgtoBeijing,soyouCarftseehimnow.III .用括号内所给询的适当形式填空1. Wcallknowtheearth(go)around(besun.2. TheNare(billion>ofstarsinourgalaxy.3. Mymotherisn'talhome.She(go>toShanghai.SmyfatherandIshouldlakecareofmyoldgrandma.4. Howlargeis(heuniverse?Noone(know).5. Ihavefinished(readMhebook.IV .选界方框中的单词填空ye<everalreadyforawer1. HaveyoubeentoNewYork?2. ihaven'tbeen(oNewYork.ButllgoIheItthissummer.3Idon'tbelieveyurfamilyhasownedatruckover90years.4. Myparentsarclateforwork.Theyalwaysgetupcarly.5. Hcstoldhisparentsabouthisplans-I.英汉短语互译I.忙于:正在做2.远离3.在地球上4.数以亿计的5.和一样6. noproblem7.goonline8.searchfor9.morethanIO.Comnwnicatewithsb.11.依据句意和首字母提示完成单词.1. several2.universe3.alone4.just5.environment6.information7.goneIII.用括号内所给词的适当形式馍空:I.goes2.billions3.hasgone4.knows5.readingiv.选界方楫中的单询填空.I.ever2.>,c3.for4.never5.alrcady句式精讲1. 1.otsOfscientistsarcworkinginorderto.(1)本句中的inOnfert。是一个冏定搭配的短语.意思是“为了”,后接动词原形构成不定式结构在句子中作目的状语,否定形式是在to前面加not.inorders可以和SOaSt。互换,但后者不能放在句首例如:Inordernoltobelate,youshouldgonow.为了不迟到,你现在应当走.(2) inOrdCrK>+动词原形和SOaStc+动词原形可以转换成inorderth;it+从句和sothat+从句,例如:liedidanythinginordertomakemoney.=Hcdidanythinginorderthathecouldmakemoney.为了晚钱,他什么都做,Pleasegoinquietlysoasno<(owakeIhebaby.=Pleasegoinquietlysothatwewon'twakethebaby.请不声不响地进去以免弄醒孩子.2. Tlusunanditsplanetsarecalledthesolarsystem.arccalled意为“被叫做:被称为是被动语态结构.它的结构是:be+动词的过去分诃.be有人称、时态和单更数形式的改变.各种时态的坡动语态列表:时态被动语态的结构一般现在时am/is/an:+过去分词一般过去时was,Wef«+过去分词1般将来时WiwShaU+be+过去分词现在进行时an/isare+being+过去分词现在完成时have,has+been+过去分词过去进行时WaSAVere+being+过去分词过去将来时wou1dVhculd+be+过去分词过去完成时had+been÷过去分词被动语态的用法:(I)不知道港是动作的执行者的时候用被动语态。例如:Mybikewasstolenlastnight.我的自行车昨天晚上被偷了.(2)覆调和突出动作的承受者的时候用鼓动语态,例如:ThCblaCkbOardhaSbeenClEned.界板己经被擦;,(3)没有必要指出动作的执行者的时候川被动谙态.例如:TheGrcaiWallwasbuillJhousandsofyearsago.长城是数千年前建成的.2.1 haven'treadanythingasgoodIiSthlltforalongtime.asgoodas意为“像,.一样好、如一样好”,用于比较状语从句。第一个然后接形容词或副词的原级,否定形式nolso/asas意为*比不上1不如那么例如:Ican'tnnasfastasIusedto,我跑得不如过去那样快。Jackisnotsascleverashiseldersisler.杰克不如他姐姐聪殷。【拓展】as的用法检多,现物所学的其他用法归纳如下:(1) as作连词:D"当时候”,弓I一时同状语从句,强调两个动作同时发生:或某事发去的过程中另一件事发生:或某事一发生,另一件事马上发生.例如:Wcwalkedintothegardenashcmusicstopped.flcfc一停,我们就走进T花园.2)“因为,既然”,引导锋由状语从句.例如:Aswcarcbothtired,let'sstoptohavearest.既然我们都累f.让我们停下来休息会吧.3)“正如,照方法”,常引导非限制性定语从句.例如:Asweallknow,theearth(ravelsaround(hesun.众所周知,地球圉希太阳转,4)“尽管,虽然,常引导让步状语从句。例如:YoungasIam,IalreadyknowwhatcareerIwanttofollow.我虽然很小,可是对要从事的职业已心中有数了.(2)as作介词,意为“似乎:作为、当作”。例如:workasaguider当导游4. Peopleallaroundtheworldwatchedtheirtelevisionswaitingfor.WatCh疝doingsthjg为,看到某人正在做某事“(丧示正在进行的动作).例如:WewatchedsomeyoungPeOPIerunningwildlyinthestreel.我们看到一些年轻人IE在街上狂跑.【拓展】Wtfrwatchsb.doingsth.与WatChsb.dosth.WaIChSb.doingsih.意方望见某人正在做某归,覆调动作正在进行,例如;iwatchedamonkeyeatingbananas.我望见一只麻子正在吃香蕉.WatChSb.d。Mh.意为“望见某人做过某事”,强调动作自始始终的全过程.例如:IwatchihemgetOnthebus.我望见他们上了公共汽车。5. havebeen7have我One(1)hwcbcsto+地点名词,表示,曾势去过某地Z但现在不在那里,后可接次数,如One,IWiee,hrvelimes等,表示“去过某地几次“,也可和jus,never,ever等连用。Myfalhcrhasbeen(oBeijingtwice,我父亲去过北京两次)IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall,我从未去过长城HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?你W经去过北京吗?(2)h*egoneu>+地点名词,表示“去了某地”,可能已经达到或者在路途中,不在说话的现场。假如hzcgorwy后接地点副词时,要省略3,Mr.Wangisn'there.HchasgonetoQingdao.王先生不在这里.他去青岛了.-Whe陋SJim?吉姆在哪里?HehasgonetoEngland.他去,英国了。句式精练I.句型转换1. Hehasread(hebookWhoMovedMyCheeSe.(改为,慑疑问句并作确定回答)2. MaryhasalreadyvisitedtheSummerPalace.(改为否定句)3. ihavelearnedhundredsofnewWWd(诙为同义句)1 havelearnednewwords.4. Ican,trunasquicklyasmysister.(改为同义句)Mysistercanrunme.5. TheyhaVen'1seeneachotherfc>ryears.(就划战部分提问)theyseeneacholher?!.依据汉语提示,完成句子.I.许多航天员已钱去过太空站.Alotofhavethespacestation.2 .他们都不知遒汲护环境。ofthemknowthe.3 .我不行能同生比人Z谈IrSformestrangers.4 .宇宙飞船已经到达月球。Thchasthemoon.5 .科学家们在月球上发觉水了吗?Have(hewaleronthemoon?111.用have/hasbctn或have/hasgone巾空I.Where'sJim?HctoGuilin.2. I(o(heWesi1.ake.1.ook!1havetakennutnyphotosonit.3. SheIothepark;shewillbebackin(wohours.4. Wctothebookshopandboughtmanybooks.5. ItoHongKongtwice.6. Inever(o(hebeachinSanya.7. TheBlacksjustU)Chongqing.mafraidyoucan'tseethem.IV补全对话A.Oh.hereitcomes.8. Itdoesn'tmatter.9. nSOrryforthat.10. WhatcanIdforyou?David:Excusene.Waitress:Yes?David:1orderedmydishhalfanhourago,hut1haven'tgotityet.Waitress:2mgoing(oseeifit'sready.Crhewaitresscomesbackfromhekitchen.)David:Sir.vcjustcheckedwiththekitchenandyourfoodwillCUmeupnext.3,David:,Ihankyou.Waitress:Plcascenjoyyourfood.Again,msorr)thatIhavekeptyouwaitingsolong.David:41.2.3.4.案】I.句型转换.1. HasheNad(hebookWhoMovedMyCheese?Yes,hehas.2. Maryh<sn,tvisitedtheSummerPalaceyet.3. severalhundred4.morequicklythan5.Howlonghaven't11.依汉语展示,完成句子1. Astronauts:alreadybeen2. None:toProteCl.Cnvironmenl3. impossible;tocommunicatewith4. spaceship;arrivedon5. scientistsdiscoveredIII.用have/hasb<xn或have/hasgone填空1.hasgone2.havebeen3.hasgone4.havebeen5.havebeen6.have;been7.have;goneIV.朴全对话.I.D2.C3.A4.B