易错点08 动词（短语）（解析版）.docx

2024年中考英语满分冲刺之易错题轻松突破易错点08动词（短语）-备战2024年中考英语考试易错题（广东专用）广东中考考点回顾考点题型考频（5年23考）考点内容动词词义辨析完形填空5年12考2019：agree,realize2020：refuse2021：protect,encourage,see2022：help,work,share2023：draw,change,hold动词短语辨析完形填空5年6考2019：goaway,askfor2020：askfor2021：lookfor,2022：takeaway2023：waitfor含有动词的固定搭配短文填空5年3考2019:takeaphoto2020:wearclothes2022:drinktea注意：现在中考考查动词时，已经淡化了语法难度，重点放在语言的运用。动词的基本形式基本形式要点及变化规则举例动词原形用在情态动词、助动词、使役动词、感官动词、不定式符号t。之后以及祈使句句首Allpassengersmustwearseatbelts.所有乘客都必须系安全带。Goandwashyourhands!去洗手!第三人称单数一般情况直接加-Slike-*likes,stop-*stops,read-*reads以s5x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词，直接加eswish-*wishes,miss-*misses,WatChfwatches以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-esreply-*replies>cry-*cries>fly-*flies不规则变化be-*is,have-*-has现在分词一般情况直接加-inggo-*going,ask-*asking,look-*looking以不发音字母e结尾的动词,去掉e,再加-ingwritefwriting,make-*making,take-*taking以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ingget-*getting,sit-*sitting,put-*putting以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y,再加-ingdiedying,IiefIying,tie-*tying(初中共3个)()1.Myfatherinafactorytwoyearsago,andnowheisasuccessfulbusinessman.A.workB.worksC.worked()2.Heissohonestamanthatweallhim.A.trustsB.trustC.trusted()3.Weshouldoftenreviewournotesafterclasstoavoidthesamemistakes.A.makingB.madeC.make1.C【解析】考查动词时态和动词形式。由题目中twoyearsago知道是一般过去时，所以动词用过去式。故选C。2. B【解析】考查动词时态和动词形式。句意为：他是一个如此诚实的男人以至于我们都相信他，从句意得知是一般现在时，故选C。3. A【解析】考查avoiddoingsth这个固定搭配，因此用现在分词making。故选A。系动词系动词要点举例状态系动词be(am/is/are/was/were)是Sheishonestandkind.她诚实又善良。感官系动词look看起来,smell闻起来,taste尝起来,sound听起来,feel感觉Thecaketastesdelicious.这个蛋糕尝起来很美味。持续系动词ke叩保持,stay保持,remain保持ShealwayskeepssilentwheneverIseeher.不管我什么时候看见她，她总保持沉默。变化系动词become变成，get（+好坏/长短/冷热）变得,turn（+颜色）变得It'sgettinghotterandhotter.天气越来越热。表像系动词seem看起来，叩Pear看来Heseemsaniceman.他看来是个好人。)1.一Yourskirtsospecial.一Ohyes,it,sverypopularthesedays.It'sahorse-faceskirt.A.looksB.smellsC.tastesD.sounds()2.Theweathertochangeeveryday.Onedayishot,thenthenextdayiscold.A.seemsB.becomesC.looksD.sounds()3.Alice,don,teattoomuchjunkfood!Itisbadforyourhealth.一OK,Mom.Butitreallygood.A.feelsB.looksC.soundsD.tastes1.A【解析】考查感官动词。句意：你的裙子看起来如此特别。裙子是用眼睛看，所以选100k看起来。故选A。2. A【解析】考查表现系动词。句意：天气好像每天变化。选项中只有Seem搭配todo。故选Ao3. D【解析】考查感官动词。垃圾食物是吃，Iasle是吃起来，故选D。助动词助动词要点举例be(amisarewaswere)构成进行时态IamstudyinginCanadanow.我现在正在加拿大学习。构成被动语态TheglasswasbrokenbyAnnie.玻璃是被安妮打碎的。have/has/had构成完成时态Wehaveknowneachotherforyears.我们认识很多年了。do/does/did构成疑问句、否定句Doyoulovemusic?你喜欢音乐吗?Ididn,tknowyouwerecoming.我不知道你要来。加强语气Shedoeslovepopmusic.她的确喜欢流行音乐。代替主要动词ShedancesaswellasIdo.她跳舞和我跳得一样好。shall/will构成一般将来时（shall用于第一人称，will用于各种人称）Shallwegototheparktomorrow?我们明天去公园好吗？TheywillgoonapicnicnextSUnday.他们下星期天去野餐。()1.Sally,Ithepicturealready.一Wow,trulybeautiful!A.finishB.havefinishedC.wasfinishing()2.SomestudentsTaijioverthere.1.et'sgoandjointhem.A.playB.playedC.areplaying()3._yourgrandfatherandgrandmotherreadnewspaperseveryday?一No,they.Butmyfather.A.Does;doesn't;doesn'tB.Does;don,t;doesC.Do;don't;does1.B【解析】考查动词时态。由题目中already得知是现在完成时，现在完成时：主语+hashave+过去分词，故选B°2 .C【解析】考查动词时态。句意：一些学生正在那边打太极。让我们过去加入他们。从句意得知是现在进行时。故选C。3 .C【解析】考查动词时态和含有助动词的一般疑问句。从everyday得知这句话是一般现在时，主语是yourgrandfatherandgrandmother,所以一般疑问句用do开头，否定回答是No,thatdon,tc故选Co及物动词和不及物动词1.及物动词和不及物动词行为动词根据其后能否直接跟宾语可分为及物动词（vt.）和不及物动词（vi.）。类别要点举例及物动词动词+宾语Iboughtsomebooksyesterday.我昨天买了一些书。动词+宾语+宾补Thesunkeepsuswarm.阳光让我们温暖。动词+双宾语（即直接宾语和间接宾语）Mymothergavemeanapple.妈妈给了我一个苹果。不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不接宾语Somethingterriblehashappened.可怕的事发生了。若不及物动词后要接宾语，需加入适当的介词TheyliveinasmallhouseinBeijing.他们住在北京的一所小房子里。【注意】有的动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。例Shesingsverywell.她唱得很好。（Sing作不及物动词）ShesanganEnglishsongjustnow.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。（Sing作及物动词）2.动词短语（1）动词短语在意义上相当于一个行为动词，是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的短语。常见的动词短语有以下几种形式：动词+介词lookat看worryabout担心动词+副词putoff推迟pickup捡起动词+名词takeaphoto照相wearclothes穿衣服drinktea喝茶动词+名词+介词makefriendswith和交朋友payattentionto注意动词+副词+介词stayawayfrom远离lookbackat回忆；回顾动词+介词+名词gotoschool去上学gotobed上床睡觉【注意】在“动词+副词”短语中，名词可放在短语的中间或后面，但代词一定要放在短语的中间。例HeturnedoffallthelightswhenheIef1.=HeturnedallthelightsoffwhenheIef1.当他离开时，他关上了所有的灯。Hepickeditupandgaveittome.他捡起它，然后把它交给了我。(2)同一个动词与不同的介词或副词的搭配、不同动词与同一个介词或副词的搭配会产生不同的意义。同一动词+不同介词/副词getgetup起床geton上车getoff下车geton/alongwith与友好相处getto到达getover克月艮gettogether相聚looklookat100klike看起来像lookout当心lookup查阅lookafter照顾lookOVer检查lookthrough浏览lookaround环顾四周lookoutOf向夕卜看lookdownon/upon瞧不起；轻视lookfor寻找putputOn穿上；上演putoff推迟putout熄灭PUtUP举起；搭建PUtaWay收好；放好turnturnon打开turnoff关掉turnup调大；出现turninto变成turndown调低；拒绝turnout发生；结果是taketakeup占据；开始做takeoff脱掉；起飞takeout拿出takeaway带走takeover接收；接管takeafter长得像takein吸入；吞入comecomefrom来自comein进来comeover来访comeupwith想出cometrue实现comeout发行；显现comeacross偶然遇见givegiveaway捐赠giveback归还giveup放弃giveoff发出（光、热）gogothrough经受；goover仔细检查穿过gooff爆炸；离开goon继续goaway走开cutup切碎cutin插嘴cutoff中断cutcutout册怯CUtdOWn砍倒；削减thinkthinkabout考虑thinkof想起；记起thinkover仔细考虑thinkUP想出不同动词+同一介词/副词forcarefor关心payfor为付款searchfor搜寻standfor代表askfor要求waitfor等待calmdown镇静liedown躺下sitdown坐下downcooldown冷静shutdown关闭；停业knockdown拆除；摧毁；击倒bringdown降低；击落breakdown发生故障putdown=writedown写下；记下takedown拆除；记录callUP打电话fixUP修理growUP长大UPsetUP成立tidyup收拾pickup捡起stayUP熬夜cleanUP打扫ShoWUP出现；露面eatUP吃光useUP用光hangup挂起来findout找出；查明speakout说出blowout吹灭outsellout卖光carryout执行pointOUt指出setout启程breakout爆发workout制订出；计算出handout=giveout分发atknockat敲laughal嘲笑smileat朝微笑aboutcareabout关心talkabout谈论learnabout学习believein信任bringin引进handin上交injoinin参加；加入succeedin成功（做某事）onagreeon达成一致dependon依靠focusOn集中于tryOn试穿liveon以为生passon传递keepon继续moveon往前走holdon坚持；稍等offbreakoff突然中断ShOWoff炫耀dieoff相继死去Setoff动身awayrunaway逃跑throwaway扔掉passaway去世withagreewith同意dealwith处理fillwith装满catchupwith追赶上playwith和一起玩connectwith把和连接起()1.Ourteamwhattodoabouttheprojectandsuccessfullycompleteditontime.A.gaveupB.workedoutC.turneddownD.tookaway()2.1at6a.m.soIcanleaveforschoolat7a.m.A.getupB.putupC.takeafterD.geton()3.一Ithinkrobotsareveryhelpful.一Iyou.Theymakeourlifeeasier.A.waitforB.agreewithC.worryaboutD.lookat1.B【解析】考查动词短语辨析ogaveup放弃WOrkedoUI解决IUmeddoWn调低tookaway拿走，由句意得知选workedout,故选Bo2. B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。从句意得知是起床，gelup起床，故选BC3. B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。从句意得知是我同意你的看法：agreewith,故选B。第一部分考题再现1 .Whydidn'tPeterhishomework?Hesaidhehadlosthisworkbook.Ithinkit'sanexcuse.A.doesB.doingC.doD.did2 .1.aoShe,sTeahousethechangesinChinesesocietyoverfiftyyears.A.describesB.improvesC.preparesD.corrects3 .It'swarminside.Whynot_yourcoat?A.takeawayB.takeupC.takedownD.takeoff4 .AfatherintheUKhasawonderfulideatosendhiskidstoschoolontime.Hetakeshissonstotheirschoolinawhitetank（坦克）.A.lookeduptoB.madeupC.comeupwithD.shownup5 .Theywalkedhomelastnightbecausetheycouldn'ttotakeataxi.A.leaveB.buyC.affordD.allow6 .Itwillonlyabout50minutestotraveltoMountWuyibyhigh-speedrailway.Wow,howexciting!Ican,twait.A.takeB.spendC.cost7 .Therearedarkclouds,andthewindisblowingstrongly.b:thatatyphooniscoming.A.feelsB.soundsC.seemsD.looks8 .ThenewsweaterIboughtformygrandmasoh.Shelikesitverymuch.A.looksB.smellsC.tastesD.feels9.Itwassuchalongwaythattheydidntthehoteluntilithecamedark.A.reachB.acriveC.get10 .Freshfoodisgoodforyou.Butyouhavetoitfirstbecausesometimesitisalittledirty.A.tasteB.smellC.washD.plant11 .Therunningwatermakesthestonesverysmooth.A.soundB.tasteC.smellD.feel12.Soccerisawonderfulgameforchildren.Itgreatexercise,suchasrunningandkicking.A.providesB.remainsC.practisesD.receives13 .Jenny,1heartherewillbeanartclubinourschool.Wonderful!Ican,twaittoit.A.repeatB.forgetC.receiveD.join14 .一WouldyoulikesomeWenchangChicken?Itdelicious.Yes,please.It,smyfavorite.A.soundsB.tastesC.feels15 .Encourageyourchildrentotrynewthings,buttrynottothemtoohard.A.drawB.cryC.passD.push16.1 fswell-knownthatlearningEnglishwelltimeandefforts.A.requiresB.wastesC.takes17 .It,sreportedthatChinesemorethan40minutesadayreadingWeChat（微信）.It'strue.ButIthinkWeChatistakingtoomuchofourtime.A.spendB.costC.payD.take18 .Teachersencouragestudentstodevelopthehabitofreadinginorderto.A.keepfreshinmindB.beslowinactionC.laughatothersD.complainaboutages19 .msorryIleftmyhomeworkathome.ShallIgoandit?No,youneedn,t.Bringitheretomorrow.A.getB.sendC.takeD.pass20.1 tabouteightminutesforSUnlight（阳光）totravelfromthesuntotheearth.A.takesB.spendsC.costsD.pays参考答案1. C【解析】本题考查动词的用法。助动词did用于实义动词前构成否定句和疑问句时，其后的实义动词要用动词原形。故选Co2. A【解析】本题考查动词辨析。describe意为"描述''Jmprove意为“提高PrePare意为“准备”;ColTeCt意为“改正"。由“thechangesinChinesesociety”可知,此处指老舍的茶馆描述了中国社会五十多年的变化。故选Ao3. D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“拿走”；B项意为“开始从事，占据(时间、地方户；C项意为“写下，记下”；D项意为“脱下”。句意为：里面很暖和。为什么不脱下你的外套呢？故选Do4. C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意为：英国的一位父亲已经想出了二个准时送孩子上学的好主意。他开辆白坦克带着他儿子去上学。comeupwith意为“想出,找出”;makeup意为"编造"；100kUPtO意为"尊敬''ShOWUP意为“露出故选C。5. C【解析】本题考查动词辨析。leave意为“离开”;buy意为“买”;afford意为“负担得起”;allow“允许”。句意为：他们昨晚步行回家，因为他们没有钱打车。affordtodosth.为固定搭配，意为“负担得起做某事的费用"。故选Co6. A【解析】本题考查动词辨析。take常用于固定句型“Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.“中；spend的主语是人,人,常用于“sb.spendsometime/money(in)doingsth."或“sb.spendsometime/moneyonsth.”结构中;COSt的主语是物，强调某物值多少钱。句意为：乘坐高铁去武夷山旅游将只需要50分钟。哇，太让人兴奋了！我等不及了。故选Ao7. C【解析】本题考查系动词辨析。句意为：有乌云，风很大。台风好像要来了JTt+seems+that”意为“好像,似乎”,为固定句式。feel意为“感觉”;SOUnd意为“听起来”,都不符合语境;100k意为“看”,不能用于该句式。故选Co8. D【解析】考查系动词辨析。100k意为“看起来”;SmeH意为“闻起来”;taste意为“尝起来”;feel意为“感觉,摸起来句意为：我为奶奶买的新毛衣摸起来很柔软。她很喜欢它。由“sow可知，此处指“摸起来”。故选D09. A【解析】本题考查动词辨析。reach意为“到达”,后面直接跟地点;arrive意为“到达”,后跟介词inat,然后跟地点;get意为“到达”,后跟介词to,然后跟地点。由于“thehote是地点，且前面没有介词,故使用reachO故选Ao10. C【解析】本题考查动词辨析。taste意为“品尝”;SmelI意为“闻”；wash意为“洗”；plant意为“种植根据题干中的“alittledirty”可知,应选C。H.D【解析】考查连系动词辨析,sound意为“听起来”:起来,感觉”。由“smooth”可知,答案选D。12. A【解析】本题考查动词辨析，句意为：足球对儿童来说是一种非常好的运动。它为孩子们提供了非常大的运动量，例如跑步和踢球。A项意为“提供，供给”；B项意为“留下，保持，仍是C项意为“练习，实践”；D项意为“收到，得到”。由此结合语境可知，PrOVideS符合题意。故选A。13. D【解析】考查动词辨析。rePeal意为“重复”;forget意为“忘记”;receive意为“收到”;join意为“加入”。由“Wonderful!”和"anartclub”可知,说话者迫不及待地想参加艺术俱乐部，故选D。14. B【解析】考查系动同辨析。SOUnd意为“听起来”;taste意为“品尝起来"；feel意为“触摸起来”。由“delicious”可知,此处指“品尝起来”。故选B。15. D【解析】本题考查动词辨析。draw意为“拖,拉,绘画”;Cry意为“哭,喊”;PaSS意为“通过,传递”;PUSh意为“推,强迫:pushhard意为“施加压力”，根据句意可知，此处指不要给他们太大的压力。故选D。16. A【解析】本题考查动词辨析。require意为“需要”;WaSte意为“浪费”;take意为“拿,花费句意为:众所周知，学好英语需要时间和努力。故选A。17. A【解析】考查动词辨析，四个选项都有“花费”的意思。SPend的主语通常是人,常用句型为:(sh.)spendsomemoney/time(on)doingsth.,意为“某人做某事花费金钱或时间”；COSI的主语必须是物；Pay意为“付款，赔偿”，主语通常是人；take意为“占用，花费”，常用句型为:ittakessb.sometimetodosth.句意为:据报道中国人每天花费40多分钟看微信，这是真的。但是我认为微信占用了我们太多的时间。故选D。18. A【解析】考查动词短语辨析，句意为：为了与时俱进、补充新知，老师鼓励学生们养成阅读的习惯。A项意为“与时俱进”；B项意为“行动迟缓”；C项意为“嘲笑别人”；D项意为“抱怨年龄(时代广。故选A。19. A【解析】考查动词辨析。gel意为“拿来”;Send意为“发送”;take意为“携带”;PaSS意为“递”。句意为:很抱歉，我把作业忘在家里了，我去拿来好吗？不需要。明天带来吧。故选A。20. A【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为：阳光从太阳到达地球大约需要八分钟的时间。Ittakessometimeorsb.todosth.意为“某人做某事要花费多长时间”,是固定句式。D两项的主语是人，C项多接钱作宾语，均不符合语境。故选Ao第二部分模拟演练1.That'sallIhavetosay.Isthereanythingyou,dliketo?A.talkB.requireC.holdD.add2.0h,itsonice.Whatbeautifulmusicitis!A.smellsB.soundsC.tastesD.looks3 .Tryto.Donotdependonyourdictionaryallthetime.A.knowB.achieveC.helpD.guess4 .11pickyouupatthestopsignwhere50metresaheadthetworoads.A.fitB.meetC.faceD.reach5 .一Helen,whendidyoumovehere?一Iheresincetwoyearsago.A.movedB.livedC.havemovedD.havelived6 .HowisTomnow?一Ihearthecompanyhimagoodjob,butherefusedit.A.providedB.offeredC.passedDJntroduced7 .Jackcalledhismotherat7:30yesterday,butshedidn'tDiCkUDatthattime.A.answerB.speakC.talkD.ring8.Bobistakingthedesksawaybecausetheytoomuchroom.A.standupB.pickupC.takeupD.listenup9. Theyall1.auraaboutbuildingamuseumhere.A.waitedforB.handedinC.agreedwithD.knockedat10.1 t'simportantforustoprotectnaturebecauseweitsrichresourcestolive.A.dependonB.leaveforC.giveupD.leadto11.Jason,wouldyoupleasethisnotice?一Withpleasure.A.putonB.putoffC.putupD.putout12.1 reallyneedtotakemoreexercisebecausemweight.A.puttingoffB.puttingonC.puttingdownD.puttingaway13.一WhatdidyoudoonEarthDaythisyear?一Weashowtospreadthemessageaboutprotectingtheenvironment.A.putonB.putupC.putaway14.OurgovernmenthastriedmanywaystotheSmOg（雾霾）problem.Maybewe,llhaveaclearskyinthenearfuture.A.putawayB.workoutC.comeup15 .Mum,shallwegotothebeachtomorrow?Ittheweather.A.carriesonB.livesonC.dependsonD.holdson16 .Thisfoodisfree.Youdon'thavetoit.A.lookforB.payforC.askforD.waitfor17 .1.ook!What,sontheground?-Oh,it'smysweater.Please.A.pickitupB.putitonC.giveitoutD.takeitoff18. Weplannedtomeetat10:30atthestationIastSunday,butBobdidn,tuntil12:00.A.turnupB.giveupC.stayupD.growup19 .Janeisverybusythesedays,forshehasalotofproblemsto.A.dealwithB.keepupwithC.agreewithD.comeupwith20 .一WhatshouldwedoforthedisabledchildrenintheChildren,sHome?一You'resupposedtoastudygrouptohelpthem.A.takeupB.fixupC.setupD.stayup21 .Inourdailylife,wemustlearntoourselveswellatanytime.It,sasimportantasstudying.A. dealwithB. worryaboutC. lookafter22 .Wehavetothesportsmeetingbecauseofthebadweather.A.putonB.putoffC.putout23 .Theboyhasagoodhabittoallthethingsinrightplaces.A.putawayB.putupC.takeawayD.takeup24 .Nomatterhowharditis,don,t.Thingswillbebetterinthefuture.A.giveoutB.giveupC.giveaway25 .WhenBobisupsetortired,hepreferscomediesthatcan.A. lookitupB. cleanthemupC. cheerhimup26 .一Waiter,Iorderedbeefnoodles,butIcan'tseeanybeefinthenoodles!-yourglassesandyoucanseethebeef.A.PutoffB.PutupC.PutonD.Putinto27 .Mike,canyougoandhowmanflightstherearefromourcityto1.ondoneveryday?A.workoutB.lookoutC.giveoutD.findout28 .hevolunteersmanysignstoreminpeopletoprotecttheenvironment.A.putonB.putupC.putdownD.putoff29 .Mymotherisill.Ihavetoherintlhospitalafterclass.A.lookafterB.lookupC.takecareD.takeafter30 .一It,ssohottoday.一Whydon'tyouyourjacket?A.takeawayB.takeoffC.takeback参考答案1. D【解析】考查动词辨析。talk意为“谈论”;require意为“要求”;hold意为“抓住”;add意为“增力,补充句意为：这就是我要说的。你还有要补充的吗。故选D02. B【解析】考查动词辨析。根据“music”可知,sound意为“听起来”，符合句意。故选B。3. D【解析】考查动词辨析。由第二句“不耍总是依赖词典”可推断出前一句应该是“猜词义”，故选D04. B【解析】考查动词辨析。fit意为“适合,安装”;meet意为“遇见,和交又”;Ihce意为“面对FeaCh意为“到达”。句意为：我会在两条路交汇处50米前的停车标志处接你。表示两条路交汇使用meetO故选B05. D【解析】本题考查瞬时动词和延续性动词辨析及动词的时态。move是瞬时动词；live是延续性动词。由“sincetwoyearsago”可知,应用现在完成时;由句意“我从两年前起就住在这儿”可知，应用延续性动词。故选D。6. B【解析】考查动词辨析。PrOVide意为“提供”,常用于providesb.withsth.;offer意为“提供”,常用于offersb.sth.;pass意为"传递”,常用于passsb.sth.introduce意为“介绍”,常用于introduce.to.由答语中的“butherefusedit”可知,“我”听说那家公司给他提供了一份好工作，但是他拒绝了。故选Bo7. A【解析】本题考查动词辨析。answer意为“应答;SPeak意为“说,说话”;talk意为“交谈”;ring意为“打电话,使响起铃声由"Jackcalledhismotherst7:30yesterday”和“but”可知,Jack的妈妈没接电话,由此可推知,pickup的意思与A项意思接近。故选Ao8. C【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。standUP意为“站起来,起立”;PiCkup意为“捡起”;takeup意为“占据（空间）”;IiSt