400 Years of the Telescope《望远镜400年的故事（2009）》完整中英文对照剧本.docx

解说：在凝望夜晚的星空时(malenarrator)HAVEYOUEVERPONDEREDYOUREXISTENCE你可曾沉思自己的存在WHI1.EGAZINGUPONASTARRYNIGHT,行星恒星和星系P1.ANETS,STARS,GA1.AXIES在太空中断续延绵SPINNINGOFFEND1.ESS1.YINTOSPACE,浩瀚得令人不知所措却仍被知识所连接OVERWHE1.MEDBYTHEVASTNESSYETCONNECTEDBYTHEKNOW1.EDGE而你是其中一份子？THATYOU'REPARTOFIT?在数千年里世界各地的文明FORTHOUSANDSOFYEARS,CU1.TURESAROUNDTHEWOR1.D形成了它们对宇宙的理解SHAPEDTHEIRUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEUNIVERSE超越哲学及宗教在过去400年中THROUGHPHI1.OSOPHYANDRE1.IGION,ANDINTHEPAST400YEARS,借助的是现代科学及望远镜BYMODERNSCIENCEANDTHETE1.ESCOPE.但我们当中多数人没有意识到BUTWHATMOSTOFUSDON'TREA1.IZE我们宇宙的照片ISTHATOURPICTUREOFTHEUNIVERSE以及我们在其中的位置即将再次改变ANDOURP1.ACEINITISONCEAGAINABOUTTOCHANGE.合唱音乐dramaticchoralmusic当我们抬头仰望夜空时我们想象MAJORFUNDINGFOR4ATTHENIGHTSKY,地球在环绕太阳公转的同时WEIMAGINEEARTHSPINNINGONITSAXIS还绕着自己的轴自转asItorbitsthesun,本身在银河系里有一条轨道ITSE1.FANORBITWITHINTHEMI1.KYWAY,而银河系是无尽的空间海洋中十亿星系之一AGA1.AXY,ONEAMONGBI1.1.IONSACROSSTHEEND1.ESSSEAOFSPACE.我们目前宇宙视野的基石THECORNERSTONEOFOURCURRENTVIEWOFTHEUNIVERSE在上世纪20年代EMERGEDDURINGTHE1920s,一名天文学家将当时最大的望远镜WHENANASTRONOMERTURNEDTHE1.ARGESTTE1.ESCOPEOFTHEERA转向太空中的神秘光斑TOWARDSMYSTERIOUSPATCHESOF1.IGHTONTHESKY螺旋星云时奠定了CA1.1.EDSPIRA1.NEBU1.AE.弗里德曼：我们现在所站的100英寸虎克望远镜(Freedman)WEARESTANDINGATTHE100-INCHHOOKERTE1.ESCOPE位于加州帕萨迪纳的威尔逊I1.lATMOUNTWI1.SONINPASADENA,CA1.IFORNIA.这具望远镜是THISTE1.ESCOPEWASTHEBRAINCHI1.D卡内基天文学家乔治埃勒里海尔的发明OFCARNEGIEASTRONOMERGEORGEE1.1.ERYHA1.E.海尔的观点是当使用巨大反射镜面的ANDHA1.EHADTHEIDEATHATIFYOUWERETOBUI1.DTE1.ESCOPES望远镜被建造山来WITHVERY1.ARGEREF1.ECTINGMIRRORS,天文学的发现也会接踵而至THENASTRONOMICA1.DISCOVERIESWOU1.DSOONFO1.1.OW.海尔的设想一经提出几乎立即ANDHA1.E'SVISIONWASBORNEOUTA1.MOSTIMMEDIATE1.Y由爱德恩哈勃的工作所证实此人发现了宇宙之大WITHTHEWORKOFEDWINHUBB1.E,WHODISCOVEREDTHATTHEUNIVERSE远超过人们原来的想象ISMUCH1.ARGERTHANORIGINA1.1.YWASTHOUGHT,银河系之外还有星系THATTHEREAREGA1.AXIESOUTSIDETHEMI1.KYWAY而这些星系ANDA1.SOTHATTHESEGA1.AXIES也是整体膨胀的宇宙中一部分ARETAKINGPARTINANOVERA1.1.EXPANSIONOFTHEUNIVERSE.我们所居住宇宙的图象COMP1.ETE1.YREVO1.UTIONIZEDOURPICTURE发生了完全的革命OFTHEUNIVERSEWE1.IVEIN从一个较小的静态的宇宙FROMARE1.ATIVE1.YSMA1.1.,STATICUNIVERSE变成了动态的膨胀的宇宙TOADYNAMICANDEXPANDINGUNIVERSE.解说：只稍作观察(narrator)WITHON1.YAFEWOBSERVATIONS,我们的宇宙模型就改变rOURMODE1.OFTHEUNIVERSECHANGED.技术赋予人们前所未有的TECHNO1.OGYEMPOWEREDONEMANTOSEETHECOSMOS审视宇宙的力量ASNEVERBEFORE.如今天体物理学家们可预见到激动人心的进步TODAYASTROPHYSICISTSFORESEEDRAMATICADVANCES在装备新一代探测器的DRIVENBYTHECONSTRUCTIONOFSUPEROBSERVATORIES超级天文台的建设工程驱动下EQUIPPEDWITHANEWGENERATIONOFDETECTORS将展露出一个目前观察者THATWI1.1.REVEA1.AHIDDENUNIVERSE几平无法见到的隐藏宇宙THATCURRENTOBSERVERSCANBARE1.YSEE.这些天文观测者不是THESESKYWATCHERSARENOTSOOTHSAYERS盯着水晶球的预言者GAZINGINTOCRYSTA1.BA1.1.S.他们只知道每当THEYJUSTKNOWTHATEVERYTIME我们将一台新的更大的望远镜指向苍穹WEPOINTANEWAND1.ARGERTE1.ESCOPETOWARDTHEHEAVENS,人们的知识就向前跃大步OURKNOW1.EDGETAKESAGIANT1.EAPFORWARD.历史被设定了不断重复HISTORYISSETTOREPEATITSE1.F.望远镜透镜来自于眼镜镜片TE1.ESCOPE1.ENSESCAMEFROMSPECTAC1.E1.ENSES.在欧洲约1300年起眼镜就已普及SPECTAC1.E1.ENSESHADBEENAROUNDINEUROPESINCEABOUT1300.随着社会识字程度提高ANDASSOCIETYBECAMEMORE1.ITERATE,阅读眼镜变得更普通READINGG1.ASSESBECAMEMORECOMMON.16世纪中叶BYTHEMIDD1.EOFTHE16THCENTURY,由玻璃盘制成的眼镜镜片SPECTAC1.E1.ENSESWEREMADEFROMG1.ASSDISKS是有底色且两面抛光的THATWEREGROUNDANDPO1.ISHEDONBOTHSIDES.接近了制♥造♥ANDNOWWEWEREAPPROACHINGTHEQUA1.ITYNECESSARY望远镜所需的品质Foratelescope.解说：真正的望远镜发明者(narrator)THEACTUA1.INVENTOROFTHETE1.ESCOPE可能永远不为人所知Mayneverbeknown.很多人主张发明权MANYC1.AIMANTSHAVEAPPEARED.其中有两个住在荷兰的TWO1.IVEINTHESMA1.1.TOWNOFMIDD1.EBURG小镇米德尔堡INTHENETHER1.ANDS,叫夏克瑞斯杰森和汉斯利珀希Sacharias)ansenandhanslipperhey.历史记录表明两人都和发明有关HISTORICA1.RECORDS1.INKBOTHTOTHEIENTION,利珀希得到人们普遍认可BUTIT'S1.IPPERHEYWHOUSUA1.1.YGETSTHECREDIT.据推测,1608年九月INSEPTEMBER1608,HANS1.IPPERHEYCAMEFORWARD汉斯利珀希最先做出望远镜withatelescope,and-athree-poweredspyglass,一个三倍望远镜PRESUMAB1.Y.然后他去到海牙将它献给了ANDHETRAVE1.EDTOTHEHAGUE,WHEREHEPRESENTEDIT莫里斯王子TOPRINCEMAURICE,荷兰的三军统率WHOWASTHECOMMANDERINCHIEFOFTHEDUTCHARMEDFORCES.与此同时Inthemeantime,另一个从米德尔堡来的人也站出来ANOTHERPERSONFROMMIDD1.EBURGCAMEFORWARD说他做了一只望远镜ANDSAIDTHATHEHADATE1.ESCOPE.最重要的是Andontopofthat,另一个来自阿尔克马市的人ANOTHERPERSON,FROMTHECITYOFA1.KMAAR,雅各布梅修斯也说他有同样的东西JACOBMETlUS,CAMEFORWARDANDSAIDHEHADTHESAMETHING.这时候荷兰的议会ANDSONOWTHESTATES-GENERA1.意识到这东西已不能作为一个秘密；NOTICEDTHATYOUCAN'TKEEPTHISTHINGASECRET;这里到处都是,sAllovertheplace.因此他们取消了利珀希的专利权ANDSOTHEYDONOTGRANT1.IPPERHEYAPATENT,结果望远镜在欧洲迅速蔓延ANDITSPREAD1.IKEWI1.DFIREA1.1.OVEREUROPE.因而到1609年春，ANDSOBYTHESPRINGOF1609,巴黎有望远镜卖♥♥了THESPYG1.ASSISFORSA1.EINPARIS.从那里望远镜再传到其他国家如意大利ANDFROMTHERE,ITMOVESONTOOTHERCOUNTRIES,1.IKEITA1.Y.伽利略正是这个时候ITISATTHISPOINTTHATGA1.I1.EO拿到了小小的三倍望远镜TAKESTHIS1.ITT1.ETHREE-POWEREDSPYG1.ASS并看到了它的潜能ANDSEESTHEPOTENTIA1.OFIT.望远镜天文学从此起步ANDTHAT'STHESTARTOFTE1.ESCOPICASTRONOMY.解说：在1609年初夏,伽利略伽利莱(narrator)BYEAR1.YSUMMEROF1609,GA1.I1.EOGA1.l1.E1.帕多瓦大学的一位数学教授APROFESSOROFMATHEMATICSATTHEUNIVERSITYOFPADUA,研究了利珀希望远镜并很快自♥制♥出1.EARNEDOF1.IPPERHEYrSTE1.ESCOPEANDQUICK1.YCONSTRUCTED性能更高的望远镜ABETTERONEOFHISOWN.在往后的几月内他制♥造♥了一些设备OVERTHENEXTFEWMONTHS,HEMADESEVERA1.INSTRUMENTS,卷一个都在放大能力上有所提高EACHWITHANINCREASEINMAGNIFYINGPOWER.但直到1609年1一月BUTITWASN'TUNTI1.NOVEMBEROF1609他才把他的望远镜对准天空THATHETURNEDHISTE1.ESCOPETOTHEHEAVENS.在他之后所写的书HEWOU1.D1.ATERWRITEINHISBOOK星座报告：星辰的使者中有提及Sideriusnuncius,"thestarrymessenger".意大利语manspeakingItalian解说：舍弃了地球观察(maletranslator)FORSAKINGTERRESTRIA1.OBSERVATIONS,我转向天空ITURNEDTOCE1.ESTIA1.ONES.我先是看见月亮就在手边ANDFIRSTISAWTHEMOONFROMUSNEARATHAND仿佛它并非在两个地球半径距离之外ASIFITWERESCARCE1.YTWOTERRESTRIA1.RADIIAWAY.我的见解和信念是IHAVEBEEN1.EDTOTHEOPINIONANDCONVICTION月球的表面THATTHESURFACEOFTHEMOON并非光滑的均匀的也不是一个标准的球体ISNOTSMOOTH,UNIFORM,ANDPRECISE1.YSPHERICA1.,而当时大量的哲学家相信ASAGREATNUMBEROFPHI1.OSOPHERSBE1.IEVEIT月球和其他天体应该是ANDTHEOTHERHEAVEN1.YBODIESTOBE,可事实上它的不平顺粗糙布满坑洞和突起BUTISUNEVEN,ROUGH,ANDFU1.1.OFCAVITIESANDPROMINENCES这点与地球的脸没有什么不同NOTBEINGUN1.IKETHEFACEOFTHEEARTH.解说：伽利略在那一夜(narrator)WHATGA1.I1.EOOBSERVEDONTHATNIGHT及接下来的夜晚里ANDTHENIGHTTHATFO1.1.OWED所观察到的宇宙WASAUNIVERSESURPRISING1.YDIFFERENT令人惊讶的不同于FROMTHEONEIMAGINEDBYTHEGREEKS希腊人在约2,000年前所想象的样子NEAR1.Y2,000YEARSEAR1.IER.希腊人相信所有的天体THEGREEKSBE1.IEVEDTHATA1.1.HEAVEN1.YOBJECTS,遥不可及及无法到达IMMENSE1.YDISTANTANDUNREACHAB1.E,是非常平滑的球体werePerfectlysmoothorbs由不同于地球的材料构成MADEOFMATERIA1.SUN1.IKETHOSEOFTHEEARTH.他们相信所有星球被固定在一个THEYBE1.IEVEDTHESTARSWEREFIXEDTOAGIANTSPHERE封闭整个的宇宙庞大球体里THATENC1.OSEDTHECOSMOS.往里Fartherinward,土星木星及火星这些行星THEP1.ANETSSATURN,JUPITERANDMARS每一个都作为独♥立♥的水晶球体被植入WEREEACHEMBEDDEDINSEPARATECRYSTA1.1.INESPHERES.包括太阳金星及水星的部分THOSETHATCARRYTHESUN,VENUS,ANDMERCURY静止在离我们更近的地方月球在所有星体中离1.AYSTI1.1.C1.OSERTOUS,WITHTHEMOONNEARESTOFA1.1.我们不完美的地球最近的TOOURIMPERFECTEARTH,而地球则位于宇宙中心WHICHITSE1.F1.AYATTHECENTEROFITA1.1.希腊的哲学家克劳迪亚斯托勒密THEGREEKPHI1.OSOPHERC1.AUDIUSPTO1.EMY用一系列组合的圆周表示轨道GAVETHISGEOCENTRICVIEWAMATHEMATICA1.FOUNDATION给予地心说一个数学基础THATUSEDCOMBINATIONSOFCIRC1.ESTOREPRESENTORBITS.利用这个新的模型withThisnewmodel,托勒密有信心去预测PTO1.EMYcouldpredictwithsomeconfidence行星的可能位置THEFUTUREPOSITIONSOFP1.ANETS.但是这么做很复杂BUTITWASCOMP1.EX.金格里希：有一个奇妙的故事(Gingrich)THERE'SAWONDERFU1.STORY是关于13世纪西班牙国王阿方索的ABOUTKINGA1.FONSOOFSPAININTHE13THCENTURY,一个超越其手下的天文学家WHOWAS1.OOKINGOVERTHESHOU1.DERSOFHISASTRONOMERS,一个通过建立表格来WHOWEREMAKINGTAB1.ESFORCA1.CU1.ATING计算行星位置的人THEPOSITIONSOFP1.ANETS.据传阿方索曾说过ANDA1.FONSOISSUPPOSEDTOHAVESAID,”假如我参与造物"IFIHADBEENPRESENTATCREATION,我会给上帝一些提示,ICOU1.DHAVEGIVENTHEGOOD1.ORDSOMEHINTS,"意思是托勒密的系统THEIDEABEINGTHATTHEPTO1.EMAICSYSTEM真的是太过复杂WASPRETTYCOMP1.ICATED.解说：在伽利略将望远镜对准星光闪解的太空(narrator)NEAR1.Y70YEARSBEFOREGA1.I1.EOTURNEDHISTE1.ESCOPE之前约70年TOTHESTARRYSKY,尼古拉斯哥白尼挑战传统信念NICO1.AUSCOPERNICUSCHA1.1.ENGEDCONVENTIONA1.BE1.IEFS他认为托勒密的BYSUGGESTINGTHATPTO1.EMY,S地心说是错误的GEOCENTRICMODE1.OFTHEUNIVERSEWASWRONG.我猜哥白尼在研究让所有行星ISUPPOSETHATCOPERNICUSWASP1.AYINGAROUND环绕太阳的WITHSOMEGEOMETRY轨道间的几何关系THATPUTA1.1.THEP1.ANETSINORBITAROUNDTHESUN.水星在最里面以88天为一个公转周期；ANDMERCURY,THEC1.OSESTONE,WENTAROUNDIN88DAYS;相邻的金星稍微长一些VENUS,NEXT,A1.ITT1.E1.ONGER.再出来是地球365天THEEARTHWASNEXT,365DAYS,毫无生机的土星处这个系统的边缘出口AND1.ETHARGICSATURNWAYOUTATTHEEDGEOFTHESYSTEM.哥白尼一定被这个艺术化的布局ANDCOPERNICUSMUSTHAVEBEENGREAT1.YSTRUCK强烈地震撼了BYTHISAESTHETICARRANGEMENT.他说“我们没有任何其他办法HESAID,"INNOOTHERWAYDOWEHAVE”让轨道的大小和行星周期之间"SUCHASUREHARMONIOUSCONNECTION如此确定且和谐地对应”BETWEENTHESIZEOFANORBITANDTHEP1.ANET'SPERIOD."解说：哥白尼想要构建一个模型(narrator)COPERNICUSWANTEDTOCONSTRUCTAMODE1.它会是按他说的“让人更心情愉悦的.”THATWOU1.DBE,ASHEPUTIT,"MOREP1.EASINGTOTHEMIND."一个以太阳为中心的宇宙比起以地球为中心的模型ASUN-CENTEREDCOSMOSSEEMEDSIMP1.ERANDMOREE1.EGANT似乎更简单更优美THANTHEEARTH-CENTEREDMODE1.这是非常荒谬的ITWASTHEHEIGHTOFRIDICU1.OUSNESS.哥白尼没有任何物理依据COPERNICUSDIDN'THAVEANYPHYSICSFORIT.他的日心说THEREWASNOPHYSICA1.PROOF没有任何物理证明OFTHATHE1.IOCENTRICARRANGEMENT.但它是一种精彩的美学构想BUTITWASAWONDERFU1.AESTHETICIDEA,而且是正确的ANDITWASRIGHT.解说：从我们以地球为参考的角度看起来太阳、月亮和星星(narrator)FROMOUREARTHBOUNDVIEW,THESUN,MOON,ANDSTARS是从固定不动的地球上空划过MOVEACROSSTHESKYWHI1.EEARTHSTANDSSTI1.1.因此哥白尼的宇宙模型不仅有悖SOCOPERNICUS'MODE1.OFTHEUNIVERSECONTRADICTED当时的科学理论而且也有悖于常识NOTON1.YTHESCIENCEOFTHEDAYBUTA1.SOCOMMONSENSE.金格里希：当时多数天文学家(Gingrich)MOSTASTRONOMERSINTHEGENERATIONS在1543年,IMMEDIATE1.YFO1.1.OWING1543,当哥白尼公开他的巨作时WHENCOPERNICUSPUB1.ISHEDHISGREATMASTERPIECE,立即将这本书奉为THOUGHTOFTHATBOOKASARECIPEBOOK,计算行星位置的一本秘籍THEWAYYOUCOU1.DCA1.CU1.ATETHEPOSITIONSOFP1.ANETS.他们并不在意日心说THEYDIDN'TWORRYABOUTTHISHE1.IOCENTRICIDEA,对他们而言似乎如此荒谬地WHICHSEEMEDTOTHEMSOABSURD,将地球丢入如此令人晕眩的运动之中TOTHROWTHEEARTHINTOSUCHDIZZYINGMOTION.解说：1610年一月，(narrator)INJANUARY1610,伽利略对木星的观测galileo,sObrvationsoftheplanetjupiter为哥白尼的理论提供了证据PROVIDEDEVIDENCETHATCOPERNICUS'THEORY哥白尼看来是对的Maybeaccurate.意大利语manspeakingItalian翻译：还有一件事(translator)THEREREMAINSTHEMATTER,依我之见要算WHICH,INMYOPINION,NEEDSTOBECONSIDERED所有当中最重要的theMostimportantofall,那就是从未被当时THEDISC1.OSUREOFFOURP1.ANETSNEVERSEEN世人所见的四颗卫星的发现FROMTHECREATIONOFTHEWOR1.DUPTOOUROWNTIME.解说：伽利略指的是对木星的观察(narrator)GA1.I1.EOISREFERRINGTOHISOBSERVATIONSOFJUPITER.在研究了这颗最大的行星一个星期之后AFTERAWEEKOFSTUDYINGTHE1.ARGESTP1.ANET,他意识到他看到的那些围绕这颗行星的星体HEREA1.IZEDTHATTHESTARSHESAW一定是它的卫星MUSTBEMOSORBITINGTHEP1.ANET.他论证说既然在绕H轨道运行的木星HEARGUEDTHATlFJUPITERCOU1.DHAVEMOONSINORBIT有绕着自己运行的卫星WHI1.EITORBITSTHESUN,那么同样也在绕日轨道上运行的地球THENEARTHCOU1.DA1.SOHAVEAMOONINORBIT也可以有月球作为卫星ASTHEYA1.SOORBITTHESUNTOGETHER.意大利语manspeakingItalian翻译：我们亲眼看到四颗卫星(translator)OUROWNEYESSHOWUSFOURSTARS围绕在木星的周围WHICHWANDERAROUNDJUPITER如同月亮绕着地球ASDOESTHEMOONAROUNDTHEEARTH同时全部一起跟着太阳WHI1.EA1.1.TOGETHERTRACEOUTAGRANDREVO1.UTION在太空中作周期为12年的巨大绕转ABOUTTHESUNINTHESPACEOF12YEARS.我们对哥白尼系统HEREWEHAVEFINEANDE1.EGANTARGUMENT进行了深入细致的辩论FORTHECOPERNICANSYSTEM.解说：伽利略还发现(narrator)GA1.I1.EOA1.SODISCOVERED金星也经历与我们的月亮非常相似的周期THATVENUSGOESTHROUGHPHASESMUCH1.IKEOURMOON,这些关键的观测巩固了哥白尼模型CRITICA1.OBSERVATIONSTHATSO1.IDIFIEDTHECOPERNICANMODE1.而他对太阳的观测BUTHISOBSERVATIONSOFTHESUNPOSEDTHEGREATESTCHA1.1.ENGE给广泛盛行的神学带来最巨大的挑战TOTHEPREVAI1.INGTHEO1.OGY.伽利略是最早用望远镜GA1.I1.EOWASONEOFTHEFIRSTFOURPEOP1.E观察到太阳黑子的四个人之一TOOBSERVESUNSPOTSWITHATE1.ESCOPE.在观察他们时ANDASHEOBSERVEDTHEM,他看见太阳黑子以一种有规律的方式HESAWTHEMCARRIEDACROSSTHESO1.ARDISK被携带着通过日面INAREGU1.ARFASHION.伽利略根据观测结果总结出ANDGA1.I1.EOCONC1.UDEDFROMTHATOBSERVATION太阳是自转的Thatthesunrotates.但同等重要的是太阳上这些瑕疵BUTOFEQUA1.IMPORTANCEWERETHEPHI1.OSOPHICA1.IMP1.ICATIONS的哲学意义OFTHEPRESENCEOFTHESEB1.EMISHESONTHESUN,它们使太阳显得不那么完美MAKINGTHESUNAPPEAR1.ESSPERFECT或者甚至就是不理想的物体OREVENANIMPERFECTOBJECT.解说：一个常见的误区是认为(narrator)ACOMMONMISCONCEPTION是哥白尼把地球从宇宙的中心ISTHATCOPERNICUSDETHRONEDEARTH特权的位置废黜FROMITSPRIVI1.EGEDP1.ACEINTHECENTEROFTHEUNIVERSE.五个世纪前人们BUTTHISISNOTHOWPEOP1.E不是那样想象宇宙的THOUGHTABOUTTHECOSMOSFIVECENTURIESAGO.他们相信地球是宇宙中THEYBE1.IEVEDEARTHWASTHEUNIVERSE'S物质和精神的最终归属Spiritualandphysicallandfill.反映这一点的Reflectingthis,是哥白尼最喜爱的学生COPERNICUS'MOSTDEVOTEDSTUDENT,约阿希姆勒提库斯所写的JOACHIMRHETlCUS,WROTE,”地球已然升起"THEG1.OBEOFTHEEARTHHASRISEN在太阳屈尊为宇宙中心的时候”WHI1.ETHESUNHASDESCENDEDTOTHECENTEROFTHEUNIVERSE."伽利略的观察支持了哥白尼GA1.I1.EO'SOBSERVATIONSREINFORCEDCOPERNICUS'以太阳为中心的日心说模型SUN-CENTEREDHE1.IOCENTRICMODE1.并直接挑战ANDDIRECT1.YCHA1.1.ENGEDTHEBE1.IEFS罗马天主教会的宗教信仰OFTHEROMANCATHO1.ICCHURCH.这是一个充满新思想新发现的时代SOTHISWASATIMEOFNEWIDEAS,NEWDISCOVERIES,当然伽利略和他用望远镜所做的工作是其中的一部分JOINED,OFCOURSE,BYGA1.I1.EOANDHISWORKWITHTHETE1.ESCOPE.问题是THEPROB1.EMWAS,它威胁到了ITWASTHREATENINGTHEPHI1.OSOPHY教会对上帝认识的哲学基础THATUNDERPINNEDTHECHURCH'SUNDERSTANDINGOFGOD.而此时北方的新教ANDTHENWEHADTHEPROTESTANTSTOTHENORTH正再次挑战罗马教会AGAINCHA1.1.ENGINGTHECHURCH.逼着它只好审视自己SOWHATITHADTODOWAS1.OOKINTOITSE1.F尝试找到其真正立足点ANDTRYANDFINDWHEREITSREA1.ANCHORSWERE.解说：伽利略1616年到罗马，(narrator)GA1.I1.EOWENTTOROMEIN1616,为哥白尼理论GIVING1.ECTURESANDDEMONSTRATIONS作演讲和示范OFTHECOPERNICANSYSTEM.他给公众讲解新揭示的宇宙时HEENCOURAGEDOTHERSTOPEERTHROUGHHISTE1.ESCOPE鼓励人们透过他的望远镜进行观察ASHEEDUCATEDTHEPUB1.ICABOUTTHENEW1.YREVEA1.EDCOSMOS.罗马教皇保罗五世提出要对这些激进思想THISCAUSEDPOPEPAU1.VTOREQUESTANOFFICIA1.JUDGMENT进行一场官方裁决ABOUTTHESERADICA1.IDEAS.毕竟圣诗104章里面说AFTERA1.1.,PSA1.M104SAYS,”上帝奠定了地球的基础"THE1.ORDGOD1.AIDTHEFOUNDATIONOFTHEEARTH它永远不会被移♥动♥"THATITNOTBEMOVEDFOREVER.'1天主教神学者认为ANDTHECATHO1.ICTHEO1.OGIANSTHOUGHT这句话排除了地球是可动的THATRU1.EDOUTAMOVINGEARTH,可地球运动却是哥白尼理论要点之一SOMETHINGTHATWASESSENTIA1.FORTHECOPERNICANSYSTEM.解说：教会认定(narrator)THECHURCHCONC1.UDEDTHEIDEA太阳固定在太空中心的观点OFTHESUNSTANDINGSTI1.1.INTHEMIDD1.EOFTHEHEAVENS在哲学上是愚蠢及荒谬的WASFOO1.ISHANDABSURDINPHI1.OSOPHY并正式认定为异教ANDFORMA1.1.YHERETICA1.因此罗马教皇手下的神学顾问SOTHEPOPE'S1.EADINGTHEO1.OGICA1.ADVISOR逼迫伽利略放弃INSTRUCTEDGA1.I1.EOTOCEASEPROMOTINGTHESUN-CENTERED与地心说对抗的日心学说OVERTHEEARTH-CENTEREDSYSTEM.许多年里伽利略服从了这个禁令FORMANYYEARS,GA1.I1.EOOBEYEDTHISORDER.1623年当他的朋友马菲欧巴贝利尼WHENIN1623HISFRIENDMAFFEOBARBERINI成为罗马教皇乌尔本八世Becamepopeurbanxi11,伽利略觉得他可以重新GA1.I1.EOFE1.THECOU1.DRETURN写有关哥白尼理论的东西了TOWRITINGABOUTTHECOPERNICANSYSTEM.但是在他所写的BUTINHISBOOK关于两种世界体系的对话一书当中DIA1.OGUECONCERNINGTHETWOCHIEFWOR1.DSYSTEMS,伽利略走得太远了GA1.I1.EOWENTTOOFAR,他嘲弄禁令教会MOCKINGTHEPROHIBITION,THECHURCH,甚至间接地针对罗马教皇AND,INDIRECT1.Y,THEPOPE.恼怒的罗马教皇将伽利略召到罗马incensed,thepopesummonedgalileotorome将他扔给宗教裁判所ANDSUBJECTEDHIMTOTHEINQUISITION.经过一番激烈的谈判AFTERSOMETENSENEGOTIATIONS,伽利略最后屈服于一场控辨交易GA1.I1.EOAGREEDTOAP1.EABARGAIN.他以承认指控来换回一条性命HECONFESSEDTHEA1.1.EGEDERRORSINRETURNFORHIS1.IFE.在大庭广众面前伽利略被勒令BEFOREA1.ARGEAUDIENCE,GA1.I1.EOWASORDERED宣读一份包含以下内容的长篇声明TOREADA1.ONGSTATEMENTWHICHCONTAINEDTHEWORDS,”我发誓放弃诅咒及厌恶我的错误及异端”"IABJURE,CURSE,ANDDETESTMYERRORSANDHERESIES."伽利略在软禁里度过了余生GA1.I1.EOSPENTTHERESTOFHIS1.IFEUNDERHOUSEARREST.科尔巴利：现在很容易(Corbally)IT,SEASY,从我们所处的21世纪FROMWHEREWESTANDINTHE21STCENTURY,问顾历史并说”这些人错了”TO1.OOKBACKANDSAY,"THESEPEOP1.EWEREWRONG."他们是错了但他们并非愚笨YES,BUTTHEYWEREN'TDU