美国名人 音乐人 伍迪格斯里 2.docx

美国名人音乐人伍迪格斯里2WoodyGuthrie,1912-1967:HeWroteOneofAmerica*SBest1.ovedSongs:'This1.andisYour1.and,playstopmutemaxvolume00:00-19:01repeatByShelleyGollust2010-6-19Photo:loc.gov"This1.andisYour1.and"becamehismostfamoussong.MARYTI1.1.OTSON:mMaryTilIotson.STEVEEMBER:AndI'mSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PEOP1.EINAMERICA.Today,wecompleteourstoryaboutsongwriterandsingerWoodyGuthrie.(MUSIC)MARYTI1.1.OTSON:WoodyGuthriegrewupinOklahomaandTexasduringthenineteentwenties.Ashorttimelater,manyfarmsinthesestatesfailed.Extremedryweatherruinedthesoil.ThisareabecameknownastheDustBowl.1.ikemanypeople,WoodyleftforCaliforniatofindwork.However,manypeoplecouldonlyfindworkonfarmsgatheringfruitorothercrops.Theseworkersoftenlivedincampswithpoorconditions.Woodyvisitedthesefarmworkercamps.Heplayedhisguitarandsangsongshewrotethatdescribedtheconditionsatthecamphewasvisiting.STEVEEMBER:1.aborunionorganizersinCaliforniafoundWoodyGuthrieusefultotheircause.TheyurgedhimtogotoNewYorkCitytomakerecordingsofhissongs.WoodylikedtheideaandleftCaliforniaforNewYorkCityinnineteenforty.TherehemetAlan1.omaxzanexpertonAmerica'straditionalmusic.1.omaxworkedfortheUnitedStates1.ibraryofCongressinWashington,D.C.HecollectedandrecordedtraditionalAmericanfolkmusic.WhenheheardWoodysing,1.omaxknewhehadfoundatruesingerOfAmericanfolkmusic.Ioc.govWoodyGuthriesangsongsthatdescribedtheconditionsatfarmworkercamps.MARYTI1.1.OTSON:Alan1.omaxrecordedmanyofWoody'ssongsforthe1.ibraryofCongress.HealsohelpedWoodyfindworkinNewYork.OnecompanyagreedtorecordsomeofWoody'ssongs.Therecordhemadewascalled"DustBowlBallads."Thesongstoldstoriesofpeoplewhohadlosttheirland.ManymusiccriticspraisedWoodyandthesongshewrote.1.omaxalsohelpedWoodygetajobwithCBSRadio.HesangandplayedfolkmusiconaradioprogramthatwasbroadcastacrosstheUnitedStates.STEVEEMBER:Woodyandseveralothermusiciansjoinedtogethertowritepoliticalprotestsongs.OneofthesewasPeteSeeger.WoodywroteperformedwithagroupcalledtheAlmanacSingers.1.atesomemembersofthegroupformedthefolksinginggroupcalledtheWeavers.ItwasduringthistimeinNewYorkthatWoodywrotewhatbecamehismostfamoussong,"This1.andisYour1.and."HedescribedthebeautyandrichnessofAmericathathehadseenduringhistravels.HebelievedAmericashouldbeaplacethatbelongstorichandpoorpeoplealike.Thefirstversionofhissongexpressedoppositiontoprivateproperty.(MUSIC-"THIS1.ANDISYOUR1.AND")MARYTI1.1.OTSON:Innineteenforty-one,theInteriorDepartmentaskedWoodyGuthrietowritesongssupportingthebuildingoftheBonnevilleDamontheColumbiaRiverinWashingtonstate.Hewrotetwenty-sixsongsinamonth.Thebestknownoftheseis"RollonColumbia."(MUSIC-"RO1.1.ONCO1.UMBIA")STEVEEMBER:WoodyGuthriewroteabookabouthisearlylifeinOklahomaandTexas.Itwaspublishedinnineteenforty-three.Hecalledit"BoundforGlory."Hedescribedhischildhood,andthepainofwatchinghismotherslowlybecominginsane.HealsowroteabouthistravelsandtheneedypeoplehesawinmanypartsofAmerica.Onebookcriticwrote:"Someday,peoplearegoingtowakeupandrealizethatWoodyGuthrieandhissongsareanationaltreasure,liketheYellowstoneorYosemiteparks."MARYTI1.1.OTSON:DuringWorldWarTwo,WoodyjoinedAmerica'sMerchantMarine.TheMerchantMarinetransportedsoldiersandsuppliesacrosstheAtlanticOceantoEurope.1.ater;WoodyservedintheArmy.HereturnedtoNewYorkwhenthewarended.Woody'swifehadlefthimafewyearsearlier.Innineteenforty-five,hemarriedMarjorieMazia.ShewasadancerwiththeMarthaGrahamdancegroup.WoodyandMarjoriehadadaughternamedCathyAnn.Innineteenfifty,Woodybeganwritingsongsforchildren.Thesebecameverypopular.Hereisonecalled"RidinginMyCar."Itshowshissenseoffunandhumor.(Msc-"RDNGinmycar")APOneofthefirstsongsWoodyGuthriewrotewasaboutfleeinghishomeintheDustBowl.STEVEEMBER:Oneday,whileWoodyandMarjoriewereaway,afirestartedintheirhouse.TheirdaughterCathyAnnwasseverelyburned.Shediedthenextday.Woodywascrushedbyherdeath.Herememberedhowhissisterhaddiedthesameway.HewasneverthesameafterCathyAnndied.Hehadtroubleearningmoney.Hebegandrinkingalcohol.WoodyandMarjoriehadseveralmorechildrenafterCathyAnn'sdeath.Buttheirmarriageended.WoodyGuthriebegannotingsomethingstrangeabouthimself.Hefoundthatthewordshewroteoftendidnotmakesense.Andhehadsuddenattacksofuncontrollableshaking.Innineteenfifty-two,doctorsconfirmedhisworstfears.HehadHuntington'sChorea,thesamediseaseofthebrainandnervoussystemthathadkilledhismother.WoodyGuthriewasfortyyearsold.MARYTI1.1.OTSON:Therewasnotreatmentforthedisease.Hisconditiongotworse.Innineteenfifty-four,WoodyGuthrietraveledonemoretimeacrossAmerica.Hewantedtoseetheplaceswherehehadlivedandtheworkers'campswherehehadsung.Oldfriendshadtroublerecognizinghim.Insteadofayoungmanfulloflife,theysawanoldmanwhocouldnotspeakclearlyorcontrolhisshaking.Finally,heenteredahospitalbecausehecouldnolongercareforhimself.Butwhileheseemedtobeforgotten,hismusicwasnot.Bythelatenineteenfifties,folkmusicbecamepopularagainintheUnitedStates.MoreAmericansbeganlisteningandplayingthesongsofWoodyGuthrie.Youngfolksingers,likeBobDylan,cametoNewYorktovisitWoodyinthehospital.DylanandotherscopiedthewayWoodysangandplayedtheguitar.AndlikeWoody,theywroteprotestsongsthatcalledforsocialandpoliticaljustice.STEVEEMBER:WoodyGuthrieremainedinthehospitaluntilhediedinnineteensixty-seven.Hisfamilyandfriendsvisitedhimeachweek.Inthelastyearsofhislife,Woodycouldhardlyspeak.Buthisfamilyandfriendsknewhestillbelievedinthecauseshehadsungandwrittenaboutallhislife.Theyknewthisbecausewhentheysanghissongs,Woody'seyeswouldbecomebrighterandhisdefiantspiritwouldshinethrough.(Music-hHardtravelin")MARYTI1.1.OTSON:ThisVOASpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyPaulThompson.mMaryTillotson.STEVEEMBER:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPEOP1.EINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.