美国名人 电影导演 赛西尔·德米尔 塞缪尔·戈尔德温 路易斯·B·梅耶.docx

美国名人电影导演赛西尔德米尔塞缪尔戈尔德温路易斯B梅耶HoorayforHollywoodplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:03repeat51VOA.COMmSarah1.ong.AndI'mSteveEmberwithPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutthreepeoplewhohelpedmakeHollywoodthecenterofthemovieindustry.(MUSIC)WhenyouhearthenameHollywood,youprobablythinkofexcitement,lights,camerasandmoviestars.Famousactorsarenottheonlyimportantpeopleintheentertainmentbusiness.Directorsandproducersareimportantztoo.TodayzHoIIywoodisfullofproducersanddirectors.HoweverzveryfewareasfamousandsuccessfulasHollywood'sfirstmotionpicturebusinessmen,CecilB-DeMiIIezSamueIGoldwynand1.ouisMayer.(MUSIC)CecilBlountDeMillewasborninAshfieldzMassachusettsineighteeneighty-one.Bothhisparentswerewritersofplays.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewastwelveyearsold.Hismotherkeptthefamilytogetherbyestablishingatheatercompany.Ceciljoinedthecompanyasanactor.Hecontinuedworkinginhismother'stheatercompanyasanactorandamanageruntilnineteenthirteen.Thatyear,hejoinedJesse1.1.askyandSamuelGoldfishtoformtheJesse1.1.askyFeaturePlayCompany.GoldfishlaterchangedhisnametoSamuelGoldwyn.Thethreemenstartedmakingmotionpicturesimmediately.Theylovedworkinginthemoviebusiness.Theyweredeeplyinterestedinitscreativeandfinancialpossibilities.DeMiIIez1.askyandGoldfishbeganworkingonamovieversionofthepopularAmericanwesternplay,SquawMan.',DeMilleurgedthatthemoviebemadeintherealAmericanWest.HechoseFIagstaftArizona.DeMilleandthecompanytraveledtoFlagstaffbytrain.Whentheyarrived,DeMillethoughtthearealookedtoomodern.Theygotbackonthetrainandkeepgoinguntiltheyreachedtheendoftheline.TheywereinaquietlittletowninsouthernCalifornia.ThetownwascalledHollywood.DeMilledecidedthiswastheperfectplacetofilmthemovie."SquawMan"wasoneofthefirstfull-lengthmoviesproducedinHollywood.Itwasreleasedinnineteenthirteenandwasanimmediatesuccess.DeMilleisconsideredthemanwhohelpedHollywoodbecomethecenterofthemotionpicturebusiness.Hequicklybecameacreativeforceinthenewmovieindustry.Hissuccesscontinuedwith"Brewster'sMillions/'"TheCalloftheNorth"and"TheTrailofthe1.onesomePine."CecilB.DeMillewasamongtheveryfewfilmmakersinHollywoodwhosenameappearedabovethetitleofhismovie.Hisnamewasmoreimportanttomovie-goersthanthenamesofthestarsinthemovie.DeMille'smovieswereknowntobebigproductions.Hecombinedalotofaction,realisticstorytellingandhundredsofactorstomakesomeofHollywood'sbestmovies.HemademanykindsofmoviesincludingWesternszComediesjomancesandonesdealingwithmoralissues.DeMillegainedagreatdealoffamewiththekindofmovieknownasanepic.Anepictellsastoryofeventsthatareimportantinhistory.DeMille'sepicmovieswerebasedonthesettlingoftheAmericanWest,RomanhistoryorstoriesfromtheBible.Hisfirstversionofthehistoricfilm"TheTenCommandments"wasahugesuccessamongsilentfilmsinnineteentwenty-three.Innineteenfifty-six,hereleasedanewversionof"TheTenCommandments"toincludesound.ItisbroadcaststillonAmericantelevisionduringtheChristianobservanceofEaster.CecilB.DeMilleproducedanddirectedseventymovies.Innineteenforty-ninehereceivedaspecialAcademyAwardfor"thirty-sevenyearsofbrilliantshowmanship."Hediedofheartfailureinnineteenfifty-nine.OneofDeMille'slastfilmswas"TheGreatestShowonEarth."ItwontheAcademyAwardforbestpictureinnineteenfifty-two.Itwasaboutpeoplewhoperformedinthecircus.SomepeoplesayitwasafittingsubjectbecauseCecilB-DeMiIIeoftenwascalledthegreatestshowmaninHollywood.(MUSIC)Ineighteenninety-five,athirteenyearoldboyfromWarsawzPoIandfoundhiswaytotheUnitedStates.SamuelGoldfishwasalone.Hehadnomoney.Hefoundworkasaglovemaker.Hecontinuedworkingintheglove-makingindustryuntilhewasalmostthirtyyearsold.Innineteenthirteen,Samuelandhiswife'sbrotherjesse1.1.askyzandCecilB.DeMilleformedtheJesse1.1.askyFeaturePlayCompany.Itproducedthemovie"SquawMan."Innineteensixteen,GoldfishstartedabusinesswithEdgarSelwyn.TheycombinedtheirnamesGoldfishandSelwynandcalledthenewcompanyGoldwyn.SamuelGoldfishlikedthenameandchangedhistoSamuelGoldwyninnineteeneighteen.TheGoldwynCompanymademanysuccessfulmotionpictures.Yet,thecompanywasnotafinancialsuccess.Innineteentwenty-two,SamuelGoldwynwasforcedtoleavethecompany.TheGoldwynCompanythenjoinedwithMetroPicturesand1.ouisB.MayerProductionstoformMetro-Goldwyn-MayerzknownasMGM.SamuelGoldwynwasnotpartofthedeal.Hepromisednevertobeajointownerofanothercompany.HeformedhisowncompanySamuelGoldwynProductions.SamuelGoldwynwasoneofthegreatindependentproducersduringthe"GoldenAge"ofHollywood.Mostofhisfilmsweresuccessfulfinanciallyandpopularwithcritics.Heinsistedthathisfilmsbewellmadeandofhighquality.Thisbecameknownasthe"GoldwynTouch."Goldwynusuallypaidforhisfilmshimself.Heboughtthebeststoriesandplaystobemadeintomovies.Heemployedthebestwriters,directorsandactors.Andhediscoverednewactorsincluding1.ucilleBall,GaryCooper,SusanHaywardandWillRogers.Goldwynwasextremelyindependent.Hehadastrongdesiretocontroleveryelementoftheproductionandmarketingofhisfilms.Hemadealldecisionsconcerninghisfilmsincludingchoosingdirectors,actorsandwriters.Hisbestfilmsinclude"The1.ittleFoxes,""TheBestYearsofOur1.ives"and"PorgyandBess."HismoviesreceivedmanyAcademyAwards.SamuelGoldwynwasknownalsoforhissenseofhumor.Hecreatedfunnyexpressions.InHollywoodtheyareknownasGoldwynisms.Oneofhismostfamousexpressionswas"Includemeout."Innineteenforty-six,GoldwynreceivedtheIrvingThalbergMemorialAwardforhisexcellentmovieproductionsduringtheAcademyAwardceremoniesthatyear.Hediedinnineteenseventy-four.SamuelGoldwynwasinthemoviebusinessforalmostsixtyyears.Heisconsideredoneofthemostinfluentialfilmproducersever.(MUSIC)1.ouisB.MayerbeganasatheateroperatorinHavermil1.Massachusettsinnineteen-oh-seven.Overthenextseveralyearsheboughtmoretheaters.SoonheownedthelargestgroupoftheatersinNewEngland.Innineteenseventeen,Mayerformedhisownmovieproductioncompany.Intheearlynineteentwenties,1.ouisB.MayerPicturesjoinedtwoothercompaniestoformMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer.MayerwasappointedvicepresidentandgeneralmanagerofMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer.Hehadastrongfatherlywayofsupervisingthecompanyandactors.ThecompanyhadsomeofthebiggestnamesinshowbusinessincludingJudyGarland,ClarkGable,KatherineHepburnandElizabethTaylor.ApopularexpressionusedatthetimewasMGMhad"morestarsthanthereareinheaven."MGMproducedsomeofthemostpopularmoviesofalltimeincluding"TheWizardofOz/'"GonewiththeWind"and"ThePhiladelphiaStory."Inthenineteenthirtiesandnineteenforties,1.ouisB.MayerwasthemostpowerfulbusinessmaninHollywood.Heearnedmorethanonemilliontwohundredthousanddollarsayear.HewaspaidmorethananyoneelseintheUnitedStates.Innineteenfifty,MayerreceivedaspecialAcademyAwardfor"excellentservicetotheMotionPictureindustry."HediedinHolIywoodzCaIiforniainnineteenfifty-seven.Hewasseventy-twoyearsold.CecilB-DeMiIIezSamueIGoldwynand1.ouisB.Mayerarerememberedfortheirexcellentmoviesandtheircontinuinginfluenceinthemotionpictureindustry.Theyledthewayformovieproducersanddirectorsoftodayandthosestilltocome.(MUSIC)Thisprogramwaswrittenanddirectedby1.awanDavis.OurstudioengineerwasKeithHolmes.mSteveEmber.AndI'mSarah1.ong.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.51VOA.COM