美国名人 新闻主持人 沃尔特-克朗凯特.docx

美国名人新闻主持人沃尔特克朗凯特WalterCronkite,1916-2009:ATrustedTVNewsmanplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:45repeatByJeriIynWatson2009-8-15VOICEONE:mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmShirleyGriffithwithPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.WA1.TERCRONKITE:"Andthat'sthewayitisVOICEONE:Foralmosttwentyyears,thatwashowWalterCronkitewouldendhisnewscasts.Americansallknewhim.Sodidmanyworldleaders.Today'snewsanchorscouldonlyhopeforsuchrecognition.HewasoftencalledthemosttrustedmaninAmerica.Heanchoredthe"CBSEveningNews"untilnineteeneighty-one.Thesixtiesandseventiesproducedmorethanenoughstoriestofilladailynewscast.Thosewereyearsofsocialchangeandcivilrightsprotests.YearsthatsawJohnKennedy,hisbrotherRobertandMartin1.utherKingallmurdered,thewarinSoutheastAsiaexpand,apresidentresign.YearsofworrythatthesamerocketsthatcouldtakepeopletothemooncouldalsobringnuclearwartoEarth.Andyearswhenmostofusstillthoughtofa"mouse"asasmallcreature.Yetsmartmindswerethinkingupthetechnologybehindtoday'scomputersandtheInternet.VOICETWO:ThisJuly1,1952filephotoprovidedbyCBSshowsTVWashingtonnewsmanWalterCronkiteWalterCronkitebroughtitallhomeeachevening,MondaythroughFriday.AsPresidentBarackObamasaidinastatement:"Hewastherethroughwarsandriotszmarchesandmilestones,calmlytellinguswhatweneededtoknow."Andwhentheanchormanwasnotinfrontofthecamera,therewasagoodchancehewasonhisboat.Hewentsailingupuntilalmosthisfinaldays.HediedonJulyseventeenth,twothousandnine,attheageofninety-two.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:WalterCronkitewasbornonNovemberfourth,nineteensixteen,inSaintJoseph,Missouri.Hisfatherwasadentist,hismotherahousewife.WithyoungWalter,thefamilymovedfromtheMidwesttoTexas.HeworkedonhishighschoolnewspaperandlaterlefttheUniversityofTexasatAustintobecomeajournalist.Hewasanewspaperandradioreporterandsportsannouncer.InnineteenfortyhemarriedMaryElizabethMaxwell,knownasBetsy.Theyhadthreechildrenandweretogetherfornearlysixty-fiveyears,untilBetsydiedintwothousandfive.VOICETWO:Asayoungreporter,WalterCronkitecoveredWorldWarTwo.HeworkedforUnitedPress,thewireservicewhichlaterbecameUnitedPressInternational.HelandedinHollandwithAmericansoldiersinaglider.AndhewasinamilitaryplaneoverheadasAlliedforcesstormedthebeachatNormandy,France.ItwasJunesixth,nineteenforty-four;thestartoftheAlliedinvasionofEurope,thefinalpushtodefeatNaziGermany.1.ater;WalterCronkitereportedonthetrialsofNaziwarcriminalsatNuremburg,Germany.VOICEONE:WalterCronkiteOnedayduringthewar,thefamousjournalistEdwardR.Murrowofferedhimajob.Itwasachancetoreportforamajortelevisionnetwork,CBS,theColumbiaBroadcastingSystem.YetTVwasstillyoungthen.WalterCronkitedecidedtostaywherehewas.UnitedPressraisedhispayandlatermadehimitschiefinMoscow.ButinnineteenfiftyheacceptedanotherofferandwenttoworkforCBS.OneofhisearlyprogramswasahistoryshowwherehequestionedactorsplayingpeoplelikeAristotleandJoanofArc.Buthewasaseriousnewsman,andinnineteenfifty-twoheledCBS'coverageofthenationalpoliticalconventions.Theywerethefirsttobetelevisedcoasttocoast.VOICETWO:Tenyearslater,onAprilsixteenth,nineteensixty-twozhebecameanchorofthe"CBSEveningNews."Theprogramwasonlyfifteenminuteslongthen.Ittookhimtwoyearstogethiswishtoextendittothirtyminutes.Healsobecamemanagingeditor;whichexpandedhisinfluenceovertheprogram.WA1.TERCRONKITE:"Iparticipateverydirectlyintheentireprocess-inthedecisionofwhatstorieswecover;inthedecisiononhowwe'recoveringthem,whatlengthoftimewe,regoingtogivetothem.It'sacontinuingprocess.Iwritepartofthebroadcast.Everybitofcopythatgoesonthebroadcastpassesthroughmyhands.IediteverywordthatIsay,Isaynowordsthathavenotgonethroughmyhand,manyofthemmyown.',WalterCronkitemetsomeofthemostimportantpeopleofhistime.ThiswasthetimeoftheColdWarbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.Inoneinterview,though,heaskedPresidentJohnF.Kennedyaboutanotherconflictthatwasgrowingthen.WAITERCRONKITE:"MisterPresident,theonlyhotwarwe'vegotrunningatthemomentistheoneinVietnam."JOHNKENNEDY:"Idon'tthinkthat,uh,unlessagreatereffortismadebythegovernmenttowinpopularsupport,thatthewarcanbewonoutthere."VOICEONE:WalterCronkiteAmericanswouldcometofindtruthinKennedy'swords.But,justtwomonthsafterthatinterview,shotswerefiredathisopen-topcar.Aswewillhearlater,WalterCronkitehadthesaddutyofreportingthattheyoungpresidentwasdead.HappiermomentscameashereportedontheAmericanspaceprogram.InJulyofnineteensixty-ninehewasalmostspeechlesswhenNeilArmstrongbecamethefirstpersontowalkonthemoon.WA1.TERCRONKITE:"Oh,boy!Whew!Boy!',VOICETWO:WalterCronkiterarelyexpressedhisownopinions.Thatwasnotareporter'sjob.ButinthelatesixtieshewenttoreportonthewartopreventacommunisttakeoverofSouthVietnam.President1.yndonJohnsonandhisadviserskepttellingAmericansthattheUnitedStateswasmakingprogress.WalterCronkitewenttoseeforhimself.Then,inacommentaryinFebruaryofnineteensixty-eight,hesaidthewarseemedunwinnable.WA1.TERCRONKITE:"Itisincreasinglycleartothisreporterthattheonlyrationalwayoutthenwillbetonegotiate."Somepeopledenouncedhimandquestionedhisloyalty.Otherspraisedhimfor"speakingtruthtopower;"assomemightsay.Severalweekslater;1.yndonJohnsonsurprisedAmericansandannouncedthathewouldnotseekre-election.Theunpopularwarhadcosthimsupport.VOICEONE:ItwasRichardNixonwhobroughthomemostofthetroopsbeforeSouthVietnamfelltothenorthinnineteenseventy-five.ButitwasalsoNixonwhobecamethefirstandonlyAmericanpresidenttoresign.Americanslearnedfromthepressthattherewaspoliticalcorruptioninhisadministration.Nightafternight,millionsturnedtoWalterCronkiteforthelatestdevelopments.Therewereotheranchorsandothernetworks.Butpeoplethoughtofhimlikefamily-"UncleWalter."Heanchoredthe"CBSEveningNews"fornineteenyears.Hewassixty-fourwhenhesteppeddownonMarchsixth,nineteeneighty-one.Butheexplainedthathewasnotleavingthenetwork.WAITERCRONKITE:"Oldanchormen,yousee,don'tfadeaway;theyjustkeepcomingbackformore.Andthat'sthewayitis.Friday,Marchsixth,nineteeneighty-one."VOICETWO:Now,SteveEmberlooksbackwithapersonalstoryaboutWalterCronkite.VOICEONE:IremembertheafternoonofNovembertwenty-second,nineteensixty-three.Iwasafirst-yearstudentatJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore,andwasrelaxingbetweenclassesatthestudentunionbuilding.ATVwason.Myeyeswereelsewhere,butmyearwascaughtbytheunmistakablevoiceofWalterCronkite.WA1.TERCRONKITE:"AbulletinfromCBSNews.InDallasTexas,threeshotswerefiredatPresidentKennedy'smotorcadeindowntownDallas.ThefirstreportssaythatPresidentKennedyhasbeenseriouslywoundedbythisshooting."ThefirstbulletinscominginfromDallaswerereadbyCronkiteovertheCBSNews"bulletin"slide.WAITERCRONKITE:"Moredetailsjustarrived.PresidentKennedyshottoday,justashismotorcadeleftdowntownDallas.MissusKennedyjumpedupandgrabbedMisterKennedy.Shecalled'0hzno!"'WalterCronkiteBeforelong,though,therewerepictures,withCronkiteathisdeskintheCBSnewsroominNewYork.Forsomanyofus,thepresidencyofJ.F.K.representedatimeofpromise,"Thiscouldnotbehappening"wasthesentimentexpressedasagrowingcrowdgatheredaroundthatblack-and-whiteTVset.AndWalterCronkite,inmeasuredtones,informedusthatyesitwas.WhatI'llalwaysrememberwasseeinghim,aboutanhourlater,momentarilytakeoffhisthickdarkrimmedglasses,andannounce:WAITERCRONKITE:"FromDallas,Texas,theflash,apparentlyofficial,PresidentKennedydiedatonep.m.CentralStandardTime,twoo'clockEasternStandardTime,somethirty-eightminutesago.YoucouldseetheflashofemotionasCronkiteremovedandreplacedhisglassesandregainedhiscomposure.WA1.TERCRONKITE:"VicePresident1.yndonJohnsonhasleftthehospitalinDallas,butwedonotknowtowherehehasproceeded.Presumably,hewillbetakingtheoathofofficeshortly,andbecomethethirty-sixthpresidentoftheUnitedStates."Butgoingbeyondthistrustedanchor'ssolidpresenceindeliveringsuchnews,youhavetoknowsomethingabouttelevisionnewsinthatera.Therewasn'ttheclutterofcrawls,flashinggraphicsorothermoving"stuff"thatweseetoday.TherewasWalterCronkiteinshirtsleeves,withamicrophoneinfrontofhim.Thatwasitnothingtodistractthesensesfromthemessage.Itwasupclose,andverypersonal.ItwasnotlongaftertheKennedyassassinationthatIactuallygottomeetMisterCronkite.Hewasanchoringlivecoverageofthenineteensixty-fourMarylandDemocraticprimaryelection,originatinginBaltimore.IwashiredinaminorroleontheCBSproductionteamforthatnight'sbroadcast.Ican'tsayIrememberallthatmuchabouttheexperience,otherthanitbeingveryfast-paced.ButwhatIdorememberwas,attheendofthatlong,continuouscoverage-itmusthavebeenabouttwoa.m.-Cronkitesatdownbrieflywithusproductionfunctionariestochat.Icouldnotbegintotellyouwhatwespokeabout.ItwasenoughtobeinthepresenceofthisgreatanchorIsoadmired,andtorealizehewasnotabovehavingabeerattheendofaverylongbroadcastwithlow-1eveIsupportpeople.Thatwasthesortofthingthatmadeayoungmanwithbroadcastingstarsinhiseyes.glowinthedark.I'mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmShirleyGriffith.OurprogramwaswrittenbyJerilynWatsonandproducedby1.awanDavis.Youcanfindtranscripts,MP.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.