路由技术笔记.docx
路由基础1、FIB表(1)网络连通性RT1：#sysnameRTl#interfaceGigabitEthernetO/Oipaddress202.0.0.1255.255.255.252#interfaceGigabitEthernetO/1ipaddress192.168.1.254255.255.255.0#iproute-static192.168.2.024202.0.0.2#RT2:#sysnameRT2#interfaceGigabitEthernetO/Oipaddress202.0.0.2255.255.255.252#interfaceGigabitEthernetO/1ipaddress192.168.2.254255.255.255.0#iproute-static192.168.1.024202.0.0.1PCl和PC2：测试:<H3C>ping 192.168.2.1Ping 192.168.2.1 (192.168.2.1): 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break 56 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=253 time=1.140 ms56 bytes56 bytes56 bytes56 bytesfromfrom from from192.168.2192.168.2192.168.2192.168.21: icmp_seq=l1: i cmp_seq=21: icmp_seq=31: i cmp-seq=4ttl=253ttl=253 ttl=253ttl=253time=1.108time=1.047 time=1.377 time=0.986ms ms ms msPingstatisticsfor192.168.2.15packet(s)transmitted,5packet(s)received,0.0%packetlossround-tripmin/avg/max/std-dev=0.986/1.132/1.377/0.134ms<H3C>%Apr1009:57:25:1542023H3CPING/6/PING_STATISTICS:Pingstatisticsfor192.168.21) 5packet(s)transmitted,5packet(s)received,0.0%packetToss,round-tripmin/avg/mx/std-dev=0.986/1.132/1.377/0.134ms.2) )FIB表RTldisplayiprouting-tableDestinations:14Routes:14Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface0.0.0.0/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoopO127.0.0.0/8Direct00127.0.0.1InLoopO127.0.0.1/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoopO127.255.255.255/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoopO192.168.1.0/24Direct00192.168.1.254GEO/1192.168.1.254/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoopO192.168.1.255/32Direct00192.168.1.254GEO/1192.168.2.0/24Static600202.0.0.2GEO/O202.0.0.0/30Direct00202.0.0.1GEO/O202.0.0.1/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoopO202.0.0.3/32Direct00202.0.0.1GEO/O224.0.0.0/4Direct000.0.0.0NULLO224.0.0.0/24Direct000.0.0.0NULLO255.255.255.255/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoopORTldisplayfibDestinationcount:16FIBentrycount:16Flag:UrUseabIeGiGatewayH:HostBiBIackhoIeDiDynamicSrStaticR:RelayF:FRRDestination/MaskNexthopFlagOutlnterfaceTokenLabel0.0.0.0/32127.0.0.1UHInLoopONull127.0.0.0/8127.0.0.1UInLoopONull127.0.0.1/32127.0.0.1UHInLoopONull127.255.255.255/32127.0.0.1UHInLoopONull192.168.1.0/24192.168.1.254UGEO/1Null192.168.1.1/32192.168.1.1UHGEO/1Null192.168.1.254/32127.0.0.1UHInLoopONull192.168.1.255/32192.168.1.254UBHGEO/1Null192.168.2.0/24202.0.0.2USGRGE00Null202.0.0.0/30202.0.0.1UGE00Null202.0.0.1/32127.0.0.1UHInLoopONull202.0.0.2/32202.0.0.2UHGE00Null202.0.0.3/32202.0.0.1UBHGE00Null224.0.0.0/40.0.0.0UBNULLONull224.0.0.0/240.0.0.0UBNULLONull255.255.255.255/32127.0.0.1UHInLoopONull2、快速转发表RTldisplayipfast-forwardingcacheNofast-forwardingentries.触通PCI：<H3C>ping-c1192.168.2.1Ping192.168.2.1(192.168.2.1):56databytes,pressCTRL_Ctobreak56bytesfrom192.168.2.1:icmp_seq=Ottl=253time=1.431msPingstatisticsfor192.168.2.11packet(s)transmitted,1packet(s)received,0.0%packetlossround-tripmin/avg/max/std-dev=1.431/1.431/1.431/nanms<H3C>%Apr1010:02:51:5752023H3CPING/6/PING_STATISTICS:Pingstatisticsfor192.168.2.1:1packet(s)transmitted,1packet(s)received,0.0%packetloss,round-tripmin/avg/max/std-dev=1.431/1.431/1.431/nanms.RTldisplayipfast-forwardingcacheTotalnumberoffast-forwardingentries:2SIPSPortDIPDPortProInputJfOutputJfFg192.168.2.1162192.168.1.101GE00GEO/11192.168.1.1162192.168.2.120481GEO/1GE001RTlundoipfast-forwardingload-sharing关闭快速转发功能，实现基于包的转发。3、路由协议优先级(1)缺省值路由协议H3C缺省值项目中建议值Direct0OSPF10110ISIS15Static601或者10RIP100OSPF_ASE150190BGP255255130EBGPIBGPLOCAL-AS20170130EBGPIBGPLOCAL-AS(2)命令修改> StaticRTliproute-static192.168.2.024202.0.0.2preference10> RIPRTlrip1RTl-rip-lpreference120> OSPF/内部路由协议RTlospf1RTl-Ospf-Ilpreference110/外部路由协议RTlospf1RTl-ospf-lpreferencease190> ISISRTlisis1RTl-isis-laddress-familyipv4unicastRTl-isis-l-ipv4preference20> BGPRTlbgp65000RTl-bgp-defaultaddress-familyipv4unicastRTl-bgp-default-ipv4preference20170130OSPF1、实验(1)拓扑LoopbackO:1.1.1.1/32PC1192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.0/24OspfareaoLoopbackO:2.2.2.2/32.2PC2192.168.3.1/24(2)实验配置RTA：#sysname Rm#interface LoopBackOip address l.l.l.l 255.255.255.255#interface GigabitEthernetO/Oip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0#interface GigabitEthernetO/1ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0 #ospf 1 router-id l.l.l.larea 0.0.0.0network l.l.l.l 0.0.0.0network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255#RTB：#sysname RTB#interface LoopBackOip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255#interface GigabitEthernetO/Oip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0#interface GigabitEthernetO/1ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0 #ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2area 0.0.0.0network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0,255network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0,255#PCl 和 PC2：ODHCP 书tfMQU ；H2 131K仍划改:2 2» »50*M0O!M:W 1»JHB© DHCf(3)测试<H3C>png 192.168.3.1 Ping 192.168.3.1 (192.168.5656565656bytes bytes bytes bytes bytesfrom from from from from192.168.3192.168.3192.168.3192.168.3192.168.31:1:1:1：1：a O 1 2 3 4 d = qqqqq 6 e e e e e 5 S S S S S p-p-p-p-p- )m m m m m Iccccc i i i i i 3S 3 3 3 3 3 e55555 t 22222 y = bum,press CTRi_C to break time=l.517 ms time=1.446 ms time=1.434 ms time=2.045 ms time=l.152 msPingstatisticsfor192.168.3.1statistics for 192.16 oss, round-trip min/av5packet(s)transmitted,5packet(s)received,0.0%packetlossround-tripminavgma×std-dev=1.152/1.519/2.045/0.291ms<H3C>%Apr1014:52:49:3412023H3CPING6PING.STATISTICS:Ping1:5packet(s)transmitted,5packet(s)received,0.0%packet1x/std-dev=1.152/1.519/2.045/0.291ms.>OSPF邻居关系<RTA>displayospfpeerOSPFProcess1withRouterID1.1.1.1NeighborBriefInformationArea:0.0.0.0RouterIDAddressPriDead-TimeStateInterface2.2.2.2192.168.2.2134Full/BDRGE00>OSPF状态机<RTA>terminalmonitor开启协议开关Thecurrentterminalisenabledtodisplaylogs.<RTA>terminaldebugging开启屏幕输出Thecurrentterminalisenabledtodisplaydebugginglogs.<RlA>debuggingospfeventResetOSPFprocess?Y/N:y重启ospf进程<R7A>%Apr1015:34:52:0332023RlA0SPF/5/0SPF_NBR_CHG:OSPF1Neighbor192.168.2.2(GigabitEthernet00)changedfromFULLtoDOWN.Apr1015:34:52:0332023RlA0SPF7DEBG:OSPF1deleteBFDsession,GigabitEthernetOOznbr2.2.2.2zsrc192.168.2.1zdst192.168.2.2,return:0x641000d2.Apr1015:34:52:0332023RlA0SPF7DEBUG:OSPF1:Interface192.168.2.1receivedInterfaceUpanditsstatefromDown->Waiting.Apr1015:34:52:0342023RlA0SPF7DEBUG:OSPF1:Interface192.168.1.254receivedInterfaceUpanditsstatefromDown->Waiting.Apr1015:34:52:0342023RlA0SPF7DEBUG:OSPF1:Interface1.1.1.1receivedInterfaceUpanditsstatefromDown->Loopback.Apr1015:34:53:0982023RlA0SPF7DEBUG:OSPF1:Neighbor192.168.2.2receivedHeIIoReceivedanditsstatefromDOWN->INIT.Apr1015:34:53:0982023RTA0SPF7DEBUG:OSPF1:Neighbor192.168.2.2received2-WayReceivedanditsstatefromINIT->2-WAY.Apr1015:34:53:0982023RlA0SPF7DEBUG:OSPF1:Interface192.168.2.1receivedBackupSeenanditsstatefromWaiting->BackupDR.Apr1015:34:53:0982023RlA0SPF7DEBUG:OSPF1:Neighbor192.168.2.2receivedAdjOk?anditsstatefrom2-WAY->EXS7ART.Apr1015:34:53:1002023RTA0SPF7DEBUG:OSPF1:Neighbor192.168.2.2receivedNegotiationDoneanditsstatefromEXSTART->EXCHANGE.Apr1015:34:53:1032023RlA0SPF7DEBUG:OSPF1:Neighbor192.168.2.2receivedExchangeDoneanditsstatefromEXCHANGE->LOADING.Apr1015:34:58:0992023RlA0SPF7DEBUG:OSPF1:Neighbor192.168.2.2receivedLoadingDoneanditsstatefromLOADING->FULL%Apr1015:34:58:0992023RTA0SPF/5/0SPF_NBR_CHG:OSPF1Neighbor192.168.2.2(GigabitEthernet00)changedfromLOADINGtoFULL2、综合1.lo:192,168.1.0/24MO:192.168.4.0/241.100:100.100.100.100/32
