浅析西方“吸血鬼”文化与东方-鬼文化对比分析.docx

毕业设计（论文）题目：浅析西方“吸血鬼”文化与东方“鬼，文化之比照2012年6月GRADUATIONTHESIS(Grade2008)COMPARATIVEANALYSISOFTHECULTUREBETWEENWESTERNVAMPIREANDEASTERNGHOST浅析西方“吸血鬼”文化与东方“鬼”文化之比照摘要随着全球化的不断开展，跨文化交际也越来越重要，并且深入到我们生活的各个方面，“鬼”文化作为世界性的文化现象，中国和西方都有着悠久生动的鬼文化。人们对于“鬼”文化的精神追求也不断深入与开展，这是一种精神文化的象征。同时，了解东西方“鬼”文化的异同也能够促进跨文化交际中精神文化的交流。中国的“鬼”是人死后的灵魂：而西方鬼文化的代表是“吸血鬼“鬼”的观念的产生不仅是因为古人对大自然的崇拜和畏惧，还是古人对黑暗的畏惧，对理想精神生活的渴望。“吸血鬼”文化是西方文化中的重要组成局部，“吸血鬼”又称血族，是西方世界中一种有名的可怕生物。由于他们具有永生的特点，因此他们的行踪十分隐蔽。本课题将主要通过比照的手法来比拟两者的异同，最后在总结全文的根底上，再次强调鬼与吸血鬼文化的重要性，并探讨东西文化根源与现实功能，以及中西承我的深厚文化内涵。关键词：吸血鬼；鬼；文化；比照!comparativeanalysisofthecultureBETWEENWESTERNVAMPIREANDEASTERNCH()ST/批注a”：从摘要开始.整篇文堂的单词拼写和语法结'/构错误还是很多，除了已经指出的，清仔细通读论文，ABSTRACTI并认.改正!Withthedevelopmentoftheglobalization,theinterculturalcommunicationismoreandmoreimportant.Atthesametime,ithasIinflUenCeIOUrlifedeeply.ASIheNIObalCUlIUre92：infucntcdphenomenon,thecultureoftheghosthasthelonghistorybothinwesternandeasterncountries.PeoplehavethestrongaspirationOnpsychologicalCulturefbrwestern"vampire"andeastern"ghost",andthiskindofaspiratioredeeperanddevelopmentCOntinUOUS.hisa批注网：语法锚误symbolOfISDirid。UlIUre.AlheSamelime,ilCanalsoPrOmOteheCommUniCalionOfSPiriIUal批注94：SPiriIUaIcultureincross-culturalcommunicationbyunderstandingthesimilaritiesanddifferencesofwesternvampireandChinese"ghost"culture.The"ghost"inChinaisthesoulafterpeopleddeath,whilethe"vampire"isrepresentedinwesternghostculture.Theproductionofthe"Ghost,'ideaisnotonlytheworshipfornatureoftheancients,butalsothefearfordarknessandthelongingforidealthespirituallife.Vampirecultureisanimportantpartinwesternculture.Vampire,whichmeansbloodthirsty,isthewesternworldfamousmonster.Theyliveinsecret,becausetheywillneverdie.Thispaperwillfocusonthecomparisonofthetwoaspects.What'smore,itdiscussestheculturalrtandthefunctionsofrealityanditinheritstheprofoundculturalconnotationbetweenChineseandwesternculture.Keywords：vampire;ghosts;culture;comparativeContentsIntroduction!1 Comparisonofvampireandghost31. IThebackgroundofvampire31.1.1 Theearlyorigin31.1.2 Therealitycause31.2 ThecausesofChineseghostculture41.2.1 Thefearfornaturalforce41.2.2 Thedesireforthepsychologicallife-51.2.3 Thepoliticalreason51.3 Thesimilarityoftheoriginofvampireandghost61.3.1 Bothcameoutwithpeople'simage61.3.2 Inordertomeetthedemandofhuman61.3.3 Duetothefearofdying62 Characteristicsofvampireandghosts82.1 Thecharacteristicsofthevampire82.1.1 Basicfeatures82.1.2 otherfeatures82.2 ThecharacteristicsofChineseghost92.3 Thesimilarfeaturesofthetwoculture93 Theinfluenceofvampireandghostculture103.1 Theeffectsofvampireculture103.1.1Onlifeaspect1(B.1.2Onentertainment103.1.3Onspiritual113.2 TheeffectsofChineseghostculture123.2.1Onliteratureandart123.2.1 Onhistoricalresearch133.2.2 Onhumanlife13Conclusion15Bibliography17Acknowledgements18IntroductionCultureisakindofhistoricalphenomenon.Itwasproducedwiththedevelopmentofhumansociety.AlthoughChinaandwesterncountrieslocatedinthedifferentareaoftheworld,(hesocialdevelopmentcourseisthesameroughly.Theyarebothdevelopmentfromtheprimitivesocietytomodemsociety.Therefore,theyhavemanysimilaritiesinculture."Ghost"culture,asthecommoncultureofChineseandwesternofvampireculture,alsohasitssimilarities.Astheworldwideculturalphenomenon,"ghost"culturehasalonghistorybothinChinaandwesterncountries.Chinese"ghost"is(hesoulafterdeath.Theproductionofthe"Ghost"ideaisnotonlytheworshipfornatureoftheancients,butalsothefearfordarknessandthelongingforidealthespirituallife.Thereasonofthevampireculturepopularityisbenefitedfromtheliteratureandfilmpartly.In(hewest,therearelotsofliteratureandmoviesaboutvampire.Fromtheliteratureandfilms,thuswecanknowmuchaboutthevampire,andknowtheprocessofvampire'simagechangedfromthemonstertonoblebeautifulperfectbiological.Boththeghostandvampirefilmandtelevisionworkshaveappearedfrequentlyonthescreen,andhavegot(hebigsuccess.Owingtotheopening-upofChinaandtherapiddevelopmentofeconomicglobalization,itprovidesmanyopportunitiesforChineseandwesternpeoplebutitalsobringssomeproblems.AstheimportantpartoftheChineseandwesternculture,Chineseghostandwesternvampirecultureisthecommonproductofhumanspiritactivities.KnowingthedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweentheChineseandwesternculture,wecanbettertosolvetheconflictofcross-culturalcommunicationandcontradiction.ThispaperWinfocusonthecomparisonofthetwoparts.Thefirstpartofthepaperwillanalysis(herootcauses,backgroundanddevelopmentofwestern"vampire"andChinese"ghost"culture.Thesecondpartwillsummarizeandcomparethecharacteristicsofghostandvampirethroughtheimageanalysis.Thethirdpartwillanalysistheinfluenceforpeoplesociety.Finally,basedonthesummingupthewholepaper,thisthesisemphasizestheimportanceofghostandvampireculture.What'smore,itdiscussestheculturalrootandthefunctionsofrealityanditinheritstheprofoundculturalconnotationbetweenChineseandwesternculture.1Comparisonofvampireandghost1.1 ThebackgroundofvampireThelegendofVampireisoriginatedfromthefearandworshipforbloodofwesternpeople.Thedevelopmentofunderstandingtheworldandhumanthemselveswasfbnedgradually,andtheprocessisverylong.Theancientwesternpeoplefeeldifficulttounderstanddisease,deathandphysiologyphenomenon,especiallyforblood.Thereforetheyimaginemanykindsofmonsters.Thevampireisthetypicalone.Thisshowsthatwesternhumanancestorsfearofnature."Ifthereisacompletehistoryof(hedocumentar),record,thatisthehistoryofIhevampire."RousseauAsasymbolofthelife,thebloodhasanimportantstatusintheChristianandthetideofEuropeancivilization.Fromthebeginning,bldactasthesymbolofevilandmystery.Therefore,itlaidasolidfoundationfortheappearanceofvampire.TheearlyoriginofthevampireAccordingtotheBible,theoriginofvampireisCain.AdamandEveweredriveoutoftheEdengardenbytheGod.Afterthattheylivedinwild.Theygavebirthtoalotofchildren.Cainistheirfirstchild,thethirdpeopleoftheworld.AsCainkilledhisownbrotherandbepunishedbyGo<l.Cainmustmakethelivingwithpeople'sblood.Althoughhecanliveforeverwiththebld.heonlycanliveindarkplaceandbecursedafterhisgeneration.Afterthat,CainmarriedwithLilith(LilithfirstappearedinSumerianmyth,thefirstwifeofAdamintheoldagreementofJudaism,forshedissatisfiedwithGod(henlefttheGardenofEden).LilithtaughtCainhowtosuck(hebloodfrompeopletogainpower.Accordingtothis,someonethinkLilithistherealoneoftheoriginalvampire.Actually,alloftheseareinventedbylatergenerations,buttheselaidthefoundationfortheliteratureofvampire.Ilisalsothemostpopularstatementabouttheoriginofthevampire.TherealitycauseActually,therearemanyotherversionsabout(heoriginofvampire.Butoneofthemostconvincingandalsothemostscientificbasisstatementisabouttheplagueduringthedarkperiodofthemiddlecentury.Duringthemiddleofthe14century,attheeastEuroperangeoftheeastofPrussia,SilesiaandBohemia,theseareasspreadwithdisease.Inordertoavoidinfected,peopledidnotdistinguishwhether(hepatientisreallydieornot,andburiedthosepeopleinahurry.Fewdayslater,peopleopenupthegraveforsomereason,theyfoundthatbodychangedtheposture,andevensomebodystillstainedwithblood.Infact,itwasbecausethatthepeoplewhoburiedatthattimehasnotreallydead,theywerejustinadeepcoma.Andaftertheywakedup,theywerestruggledin(hegrave.However,inthepoverty,blockandfoolishplace,thepeoplesaidthatwasthevampire.Then,theghoststoriesaboutthevampirewerespreadquickly.Whentheycannotrelyonthegovernmentandthemselves,peoplebegantoseektheliberationandareliefinspirit.Thus,itcausedthelegendofvampireforhundredsyears.1.2 ThecausesofChineseghostcultureThe"ghost"cultureinChinaisoneoftheimportantcontentwhichcannotbeneglectedinChinesetraditionalculture.Itreflectsmanyaspectsofthepeople'svalues.Wecannotsimplyconsidertheghostcultureassuperstition.Afterall,theawarenessofghostculturehasrootedinthepeople'smind.Weshouldknowtherootedcauseoftheproductionofghostculture.AnalysiSl the related materials and CUStOmS Can help US know better about Ihe ghost culture.批注1951：词性不正确Accordingtothis,Wecanknowmoreabouttheghostculture,thenuseitdosomecontributiontohuman-being.Infact,thesourceofIheghostismultiple,complexandchangeable.First,theghostislinkedwiththesoul,andthesoulisrelatedwithdreamsclosely.Atthattime,thepeoplebelievedthatthoughpeopleweredead,butthesoulisintheworld.So,QuraHeieRtancestorsdrawtheconclusionthatpeopleismadeupbytwoparts,thebodyandthesoul.Thebodycandie,however,thesoulneverdie.WhenthegPeopledied,thesouldeliveredfromtheman'sbody,andthenitbecomestheghost.Itisjustanexplanationforthecauseofghost.Theghostculturecomesoutfollowingtheideaofghost.ThefearfornaturalforceTheeconomicbasisdeterminesthesuperstructure.Anyproductionofthesocialphenomenonhasitsprofoundsocialresource.Andalloftheproductionscanbeobtainedfromthebasisofsocialexistence,includingthe"ghost"cultureofChina.Becauseofpoorscienceandtechnologicallevelofthefeudalsocietypeople,peoplecannotexplainthedreamsandsuddendeath.Thereforetheyimaginetheexistenceof"ghost"Inordertoseekthelifematerial,ourancientsbattledwithnatureforalonglime,andseparatedthemselveswiththesurroundingenvironmentgradually.Thentheyhadaclearsenseofthemselves,andknewthecertainnaturalphenomenonandprocess.Theyfoundthatsomenaturalphenomenoncanbringtheenjoymentunexpected.However,somenaturalphenomenoncanbringthemdisaster,evendeath.Whenthehumanatthattimecouldnotgetridoftheterroristandfearofthenaturalforce,especiallyallkindsofnaturalhazardsthattheycouldn'tsolveaoundthem,theygraduallyformedtheconceptoftheghostandsoul.ItalsoreflectedthatinthesocietyoflowproductivitypeopleisweakandIeeblebeforethenaturaiephenomenon.ThedesireforthepsychologicallifeIneancientsociety,theworkerlivedthelifeunderoppressionofthecruellingclass.Thecontradictionsbetweentherulingclassandthepublicareextremelysharp.However,peopledidnotdareioattacktheexploitingclassinpublic.Theystillwantedthatsomethingcanhelpthemtoeasythepain,theyhopesomeonecanpunishtheevilpeopleandgivetherewardtokindpeople.Therefore,peoplecreatedafalseghostsocietythatlargelythesamewithrealitysociety.Inthefalseworld,peoplecanreleasethesufferingandunfairoftherealityworldwantonly.Intheirmind,theycanusethesupernaturalabilitytorewardkindandpunishevilpeople.Inthisway,theycanpursuitthesocialjusticeandthehappylifeintheirmind.Tosomeextent,theghostculturemeetsthepeople'spsychologicaldemands.Atthesametime,thesekindsofpsychologicalneedsinturnpromotethedevelopmentofghostcultureinChina.ThepoliticalreasonInordertocontrol(people'sthoughtbetter,politicalmastersofthefeudalsocietylargelyimportedtheBuddhistthought.ThemastershypetheBuddhismthoughtthat"asamansows,solethimreap"amongthecommonpeople.Thethoughtwastheconceptofghostculture.Thusitplayedtheroleofmaintainingthefeudalgrassrootsforpoliticalpower.1.3 ThesimilarityofvampireandghostOriginalityzCameoutwithhuman'simageTheimportantreasonofthesimilaritybetweenWesternvampireandOrientalghostculturecomefromtheancientpeople'sdistortionthoughtfordreamandsoul.Dreamisfantasy.WhenChineseandwesternpeopleisstillintheprimitivesocietyoflowproductivity,people'sthinkingabilitycan'tunderstandthephysiologyphenomenonofdream.Inthedream,peopleseemtogoeverywhereeasilyandmeetanyone.Thiscannothappeninrealityworld.Inaddition,theshapeofvampireandghostimaginedbypeopleissimilar(ohuman.purpose:InordertomeetthedemandofhumanTheghostcultureoftheeastcansatisfiedthefeelingofmissingthedeadrelativesforpeople.Inaddition,italsocanmeetthecuriosityofhuman.Therefore,thevampireculturealsohasthesamefunctionsforhuman-beings.Therefore,peoplecreatedafalseghostandvampiresocietythatislargelythesamewithrealsociety.Inthefalseworld,peoplecanreleasethesufferingandunfairoftherealityworldwantonly.Intheirmind,theycanusethesupernaturalabilitytorewardkindandpunishevilpeople.Inthisway,theycanpursuitthesocialjusticeandthehappylifeintheirmind.Tosomeextend,theghostandvampireculturemeets(hepeople'spsychologicaldemands.Atthesametime,thiskindofpsychologicalneedsinturntopromotethedevelopmen(ofghostandvampirecultureinChina.cause:DuetothefearofdyingThelifeandhealtharetheessentialthingsforpeople,andyetpeoplearelinkedwithdiseaseanddeathclosely.ItisagreatthreatforbothChineseandwesternpeopleinancienttime.Therefore,itforcedpeopletofindawaytoexplainandprayforliberationinurgentneed.However,(heirthinkingabilityisextremelylowatthattime,andpeoplecouldnot11ndthescientificexplanation.Then,theygraduallyformedtheconceptoftheghostandsoul.AndthevampirealsoisanexplanationtortheplagueandtherabiesatthattimeinEurope.2 CharacteristicsofvampireandChineseghost2.1 ThecharacteristicsofthevampireBasicfeaturesNoshadow:peoplebelievethatvampirehavenoshadows.Theshadowandimagearethesymbolofthesoul,therefore,thevampirehavenoshadow.Thelongandsharpfangs:vampireusuallygainsthebloodbysuckingbloodoflivingpeople.Usually,theycanhidethefeature.Ithasbecomethemainfeatureofthevampire.Actually,thisstatementbelongstotheimaginationofliteraturewriters,astheearlyvampiredoesnotlike(hat.Theyneednothavetoaccesspeople,andtheystillcaninhalethebloodbyusingtheporesoftheskin.Thevampirecanonlymoveinthedark.Noonecandenythatthisisacommonfeatureofthevampire.Peoplethinkthevampirefearofthesunshine.Vampiresdonotneedtoeat,buttheyneedtoabsorbblood.When(heyfeelhungry,theywillproducethestrongdesireforblood.Inthevampireclan,thestatusintheirfamilyisdecidedbytheleveloftheability.Certainly,forthevampirewouldnotgrowold,theactualliveagehasnorelationshipwiththeagelike.OtherfeaturesAsthemodemartbeautiedtothevampireimage,thevampirealsohavethefollowingcharacteristics.Theyowethehandsomeandbeautifulfaces.Theyoftenhavetheirowncastle,andtheyarenobleoriginally.Moreover,theyhavethewhiteskinandcoldbody.Havingtheextremelyhighspeed,theyhavetheincrediblespiritpowerandsoon.2.2 ThecharacteristicsofChineseghostThebasicmeaningofChineseghostcultureisthesoulafterpeopledied.Thehistorjfoftheghostislong.Thatistosay,eversincethecomingoutofthewords,therecordaboutghostalsoappeared.FromthefbnofChinesewordoftheghost"gui",theglyphoftheghostlkslikesomeoneheadwearingabigterroristmasks,anditisverysimilarwithpeople.Thisshowsthatourancestorshadconsideredthattheghostisamonsterwithpeopleclose.The"ghost"isthesoulafterdeath,andthatthesoulisimmortal.Consequently,manykindsofsacrificecustomaboutghostcameout.Alongwiththebeautifyingthefunctionofthefatherandsoul,theworshipforancestorplayedanimportantpositioninpeople'smind.Therefore,diversesacrificeformappeared.Duetothediversificationandwidespreadoftheancestorworshipactivities,theChineseghostculturehasthestrongfamilypatriarchalcharacteristics.ThismakestheChineseghostculturedistinguishedwiththewesternvampirecultureobviously.2.3 ThesimilarfeaturesofthetwoculturesBoththecharacteristicsofwesternvampireandChineseghostarebasedonehuman-being.Theimageofthevampirelksthesamewithwhitepeople.AndtheimageoftheghostinChinaalsolooksliketheeasternpeople.Bothofthemhavethesuperpower.Thevampireandtheghos(canmovequickly.Nomatterthevampireortheghost,theybothhavethekindandevilgroups.SuchasthefilmoftheChinesefairtale,itisoneoftheghoststoryinTheSlrangeTalesofLiaoZhai.Itdescri