美国名人收藏家伊莎贝拉·斯图尔特·加德纳.docx

美国名人收藏家伊莎贝拉斯图尔特加德纳IsabellaStewartGardner,1840-1924:SheCreatedArtMuseuminHerHomeplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:08repeatByDanaDemange2009-1-10VOICEONE:mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmBarbaraKleinwithPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.Todaywetellabouttheartcollectorandculturalsupporter,IsabellaStewartGardner.Duringthelatenineteenthcentury,shetraveledaroundtheworldtolearnaboutforeignculturesandimproveherknowledgeofart.MissusGardnerwasacelebratedartsandcommunitysupporterinherhometownofBoston,Massachusetts.Shespentherlateryearsturningherhomeandartcollectionintoabeautifulmuseumforthepublictoenjoy.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:TheIsabellaStewartGardnermuseumdoesnotseemlikeamuseum.Itlookslikewhatitis:alarge,beautifulhomebuiltinthestyleofsixteenthcenturyItaly.Butthishomecontainsovertwothousandpiecesofartorganizedfromroomtoroombyperiodandbygeography.VOICETWO:TheRaphaelRoomThecollectionincludespaintings,sculpture,rarebooks,jewelry,andpiecesofancientbuildings.Forexample,theBlueRoomcontainspaintingsbynineteenthcenturyartistsincludingEdouardManetandEugeneDelacroix.ItalsocontainsfinelymadefurnitureanddisplaysoflettersfrommanyfamousAmericanwriterswhowerefriendsofMissusGardnerduringherlifetime.Fromthisroom,youcanexplorethenearbyChineseLoggia,orgoupstairstoseetheItalianarthungonthedeepredwallsoftheRaphaelRoom.VOICEONE:Thefourlevelsofroomscenteronabeautifulcourtyardwithaglassceilingtoletlightshinein.Theartcollectionisorganizedinawaythatiswarmandpersonal.Soyoufeellikeyouareaguestinahomeinsteadofavisitorinahuge,impersonalmuseum.Thismuseumisoneofakind.ItistheonlyprivateartcollectionintheUnitedStatesthathadonepersondesignthebuilding,thecollectionandthewayinwhichtheartishung.Letuslearnmoreaboutthisinterestingwomanwhodevotedherlifetoart.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:IsabellaStewartwasborninNewYorkCityineighteenforty.Herfather,DavidStewart,madeagreatdealofmoneyinthetradeoflinenclothandiron.IsabellawenttoprivateschoolsinNewYorkandinParis,France,whereherfamilylivedfortwoyears.Duringthistime,herparentstookhertoItalytoexplorethecountry'smanyculturaltreasures.VOICEONE:ThecourtyardOneoftheprivateartcollectionsIsabellavisitedinMilanhadadeepinfluenceonher.ShewrotetooneofherfriendsaboutherdreamofonedayowningahousewithanartcollectionliketheoneshehadseeninItaly.Isabellasaidintheletterthatshewouldfillthehousewithartandbeautifuloldfurniturecalledantiquessothatotherpeoplecouldenjoythem.VOICETWO:InParis,Isabellabecameclosefriendswithoneofherclassmates,JuliaGardner,whosefamilywasfromBoston,Massachusetts.JuliawouldlaterintroduceIsabellatoherbrother;Jack.Ineighteensixty,IsabellaStewartmarriedJackGardner.ThecouplemovedtoBoston.VOICEONE:Ineighteensixty-three,Isabellagavebirthtoason,Jackie,whodiedtwoyearslater.Tohelphiswifeovercomeaseveredepression,JackGardnerplannedforthemtotraveltoEurope.ThecoupletraveledthroughNorway,Russia,AustriaandFrance.ThischangeofenvironmenthelpedIsabellaGardnergreatly.Shesoonregainedthesenseofhumorandspiritforwhichshewasknown.VOICETWO:Thecoupletraveledtogetheroften.OnetripwastoEgypt,Palestine,andGreece.Isabellakeptdetailedwrittendescriptionsoftheirtravels.Hertravelwritingshowedasenseofadventureandloveoftheartandtraditionsofothercultures.Onanothertrip,sheandherhusbandvisitedtheartandmonumentsofJapan,Cambodia,Indonesia,andIndia.Ineighteenseventy-five,theGardnersadoptedthethreesonsofJack'sbrother,whohadrecentlydied.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:AportraitofIsabellaStewartGardnerbyJohnSingerSargentIsabellaStewartGardnerdidnotbehavelikemostwomenofhertime.Shewasveryindependentandnotafraidtoexpressherthoughtsandopinions.Shesmokedcigarettesandhostedpartiesthatwerefamousaroundtown.Shelearnedallshecouldaboutsubjectsthatwereimportanttoher,suchasartandliterature.Shealsodevelopedrelationshipswithinterestingpeople.ShebecamegoodfriendswiththeAmericanpaintersJohnSingerSargentandJamesMcNeillWhistlerandthewriterHenryJames.Shecollectedtheworkofthegreatancientpainters,butalsoworkedhardtosupportmodernartistsbeginningtheircareers.VOICETWO:MissusGardnertookagreatinterestinthecommunityactivitiesofBoston.ShelovedtoattendRedSoxbaseballgamesaswellasothersportsatnearbyHarvardCollege.And,shegavefinancialsupporttoorganizationsthatsupportedanimalrightsandtheplantingofcitygardens.Herindependenceandspiritcaughttheattentionofthemedia.Reportersoftenwrotestoriesabouther,someofwhichweremoretruethanothers.MissusGardnerdidnotseemtomind.Shewasknowntohavesaid:"Don'tspoilagoodstorybytellingthetruth!"VOICEONE:Duringhermanytravels,IsabellaGardnervisitedartgalleriesandconsultedwithartexperts.Shewantedtobefullyeducatedabouttheartcollectionshewasstartingtobuild.WhenIsabella'sfatherdiedineighteenninety-one,sheusedthemoneyhelefthertobuymoreart.Afewyearslater,IsabellaandJackGardnerboughtthreemajorpaintingsbygreatartists.OnewasbytheDutchartistRembrandtzanotherbytheSpanishartistVelazquez,andanotherwasbytheItalianartist,Titian.VOICETWO:Thecoupleknewtheynowhadtoomucharttofitinsidetheirhome.Sotheydecidedtostartplanningamuseum.MissusGardnerdecidedthatshedidnotlikethecoldandemptyspacesofmanymuseumsduringhertime.Shewantedtocreateamuseumthatwaswarmandfilledwithlight.ThebuildingdesignofancienthomesinVenice,Italy,becametheinfluencefortheirmuseum.VOICEONE:MissusGardneroncesaidthatshedecidedyearsagothatthegreatestneedinhercountrywasart.ShesaidAmericawasayoungcountrydevelopingquicklyinotherareas.Butthecountryneededmorechancesforpeopletoseebeautifulexamplesofart.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Ineighteenninety-eight,JackGardnerdiedunexpectedlyofastroke.Isabellaknewshehadnotimetoloseinbuildinghermuseum.Sheboughtland,hiredabuildingdesigner,andsupervisedeverydetailofhermuseum'sconstruction.Aroundnineteenohone,MissusGardnermovedintothefourthfloorofthemuseum,whereshewouldlivefortherestofherlife.Foroverayear,sheworkedonputtingherartcollectionintoplace.VOICEONE:MissusGardneropenedhermuseumonJanuaryfirst,nineteenohthree.ThemuseumatthistimewascalledFenwayCourt.SheinvitedherfriendsthatnightforaspecialmusicalperformancebymembersoftheBostonSymphonyOrchestra.Onepersonattendingthateveningdescribedhowtheperfectionofallthingsinthemuseumseemedtohaveanunusualeffectontheguests.Hesaiditseffectwasveryextraordinaryandwonderful,likeamiracle.Thenextmonth,sheopenedthemuseumtothepublic.Atfirst,visitswerelimitedtotwentydaysoutoftheyear.Visitorspaidonedollartoenter.VOICETWO:IsabellaStewartGardnerdiedinnineteentwenty-fourinBoston.Inherwill,sheleftthemuseumamilliondollarsandaseriesofrequirementsabouthowitshouldbemanaged.Onerequirementisthatthepermanentcollectioncannotbechanged.VOICEONE:Butonemajorchangewasbeyondthemuseum'scontrol.InMarchofnineteenninety,robbersdressedaspoliceenteredthemuseumandstolethirteenworksofart.Theystolesomeofthemostvaluableworksinthecollection.TheyincludedthreepaintingsbyRembrandtandanotherbytheDutchmasterJohannesVermeer.Thepaintingswereneverrecovered.Emptyframeshangonthewallswerethepaintingsonceweredisplayedasareminderofthistragiccrime.VOICETWO:TheIsabellaStewartGardnerMuseumisasinterestingtodayasitwasonehundredyearsago.Butitalsokeepsupwithtoday'scommunity.Themuseumholdsmanyeventssothatthepubliccanenjoymusicalevenings,educationalprogramsandotheractivities.Modernartistscantakepartinthemuseum'sartist-in-residenceprogram.And,themuseuminvitespublicschoolstudentstoviewthecollectionwhilealsoprovidingteacherswitharteducationprojects.ThememoryandspiritofIsabellaStewartGardnerlivesoninthemuseumshecreatedtoshareherloveofartwiththepeople.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyDanaDemange.mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmBarbaraKlein.YoucanlearnaboutotherfamousAmericansatourWebsite,.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.