美国名人第一位女姓黑人国会议员夏丽齐颂.docx

美国名人第一位女姓黑人国会议员夏丽齐颂ShirleyChisholmz1924-2005:TheFirstBlackWomanElectedtotheU.S.Congressplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:59repeatByLawanDavis2008-3-1VOICEONE:mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmBarbaraKleinwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutShirleyChisholm.Shewasaneducator,activistandpolitician.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CongresswomanShirleyChisholmannouncinghercandidacyforpresidentShirleyChisholmisbestknownasthefirstblackwomanelectedtoUnitedStatesCongressandthefirstblackwomantorunforpresidentoftheUnitedStates.However,herlifewasfilledwithmuchmorethanbeingthefirstblackwomantodoimportantthings.Shebelievedinbeingapersontofightforchange.Allherlife,sheworkedtoimprovethelivesofothers.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ShirleyAnitaSaintHillwasborninBrooklyn,NewYorkinnineteentwenty-four.Shewastheoldestoffourdaughters.HerfatherwasafactoryworkerfromGuyana.Helovedtoread.HermotherwasfromtheBritishWestIndiesislandofBarbados.Shemadeclothesandcleanedotherpeople'shouses.Shirley'sparentshadverylittlemoney.Theywantedtheirdaughterstogetagoodeducationandtohaveabetterlife.WhenShirleywasthreeyearsoldherparentssentherandhersisterstolivewiththeirgrandmotherinBarbados.livedwithhergrandmother.HerfamilyinBarbadoswasastrong,organizedgroupthatbelievedineducation.Shirleyalwaysrememberedthewordshergrandmotherspoke.Shirleychisholm:"WhenIwasrearedintheBritishWestIndiesmygrandmotherusedtoalwaystellme,youmaynotbelovedbycertainforcesinasocietyandyouhavetounderstandwhy.Butalwaysspeakthetruth."VOICEONE:Innineteenthirty-fourShirleymovedbacktoBrooklyn.Shewastenyearsold.Shecontinuedtodoverywellinschool.ShelatergraduatedfromBrooklynCollegewithhonors.Innineteenforty-nine,shemarriedConradChisholmwhoworkedasaprivateinvestigator.Togethertheytookpartinlocalpolitics.Theirmarriageendedalmostthirtyyearslater.Asayoungwoman,Shirleydecidedtobecomeateacher.Shebelievedshecouldimprovesocietybyhelpingchildren.SheworkedforsevenyearsatachildcarecenterintheHarlemareaofNewYorkCity.SheattendedColumbiaUniversityatnightandreceivedanadvanceddegreeinearlychildhoodeducationinnineteenfifty-two.Shebecameknownasanexpertinchildrenandearlyeducation.Fromnineteenfifty-ninetonineteensixty-fourShirleyChisholmwasaneducationofficialinthedaycaredivisionofthecity'sofficeofchildwelfare.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Inninetysixty-fourShirleyChisholm'spoliticalcareerbegan.ShewaselectedtotheNewYorkStateAssembly.Sheservedforfouryears.Innineteensixty-eightsheannouncedshewouldrunfortheUnitedStatesCongress.ShewaselectedfromthenewlycreatedTwelfthDistrictofNewYorkCity.ShebecamethefirstblackwomanelectedtoCongress.SherepresentedapoorareaofBrooklyncalledBedford-Stuyvesant.InCongress,MizChisholmwasassignedtotheHouseAgricultureCommittee.Sheprotestedthisassignment.Shefeltitwasnotimportanttothepoorpeopleofthecitythatsherepresented.ShewasmovedtotheVeteransAffairsCommittee.ShelaterservedontheEducationandLaborCommittee,thepositionshewanted.Innineteenseventy-sevenshejoinedtheimportantHouseRulesCommittee.VOICEONE:hairwasabigcloudofcurls.Sheworeverylargeeyeglasses.Andshehaddarkskin.Shealsospokedifferently.ShehaddevelopedaminorCaribbeanaccentwhilelivingwithhergrandmotherinBarbados.Hervoicewasstrong.Shespokewithpower.Shesaidhergreatesttoolwashermouth.ShewasnotafraidtosaythethingsotherswouldnotsaybeforeCongressandthepublic.Shirleychisholm:"But,myfriends,Imightbestrongforsomepersonsinthisaudience,butIbelieveintellingitlikeitis."VOICETWO:ShirleyChisholmspokestronglyforthepoorandforwomen.SheworkedforcivilrightsforAfricanAmericans.SheopposedtheVietnamWar.Innineteensixty-nineshehelpedformtheCongressionalBlackCaucus.ShealsowasamemberoftheNationalOrganizationforWomen.MizChisholmwasanactivistforpeopleofCoIorZincludingNativeAmericansandSpanish-speakingimmigrants.Sheoftenspokeaboutculturalandsocialissues.Shirleychisholm:"IncreasingimmigrationtotheUnitedStatessuggeststhatwedoface("andwebetterownupto?wedoface)newsocialandculturalproblemsasthesenewAmericansareintegratedintooursociety.Andbecausemostofthenewimmigrantsarepeopleofcolor,culturaladjustmentsmustbemadebyallgroupsinAmericaifwearetolearntolivetogetherasonenation."VOICEONE:MizChisholmwroteabookaboutherlifeinnineteenseventycalled"UnboughtandUnbossed."Sherefusedtobedefinedbypartypoliticsorracialcomparisons.Sometimesthisworkedagainsther.Innineteenseventy-twoShirleyChisholmannouncedthatshewouldrunforpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Manypeoplethoughtitwasastrangethingtodo.MizChisholmsaidduringherlifeinpoliticsshefacedmorediscriminationasawomanthanasablackperson.ShirleyChisholmbecamethefirstwomanandthefirstblackpersontocarryoutapresidentialcampaignwithinoneofthemajorparties.WhensheannouncedhercandidacyfortheDemocraticPartynominationforpresidentthisiswhatshesaid:"IamnotthecandidateofblackAmerica,althoughIamblackandproud.Iamnotthecandidateofthewomen'smovementofthiscountry,althoughIamawomanandIamequallyproudofthat.Iamnotthecandidateofanypoliticalbossesorspecialinterests.Iamthecandidateofthepeople."MizChisholmdidnotwintheDemocraticprimariesorthenomination.Shesaidshedidnotrunforpresidentbecausesheexpectedtowin.Sherantomakeapoint.Innineteenseventy-threeShirleyChisholmwroteanotherbook,"TheGoodFight."Inthatbookshetoldofherreasonsforrunningforpresidenteventhoughshedidnotexpecttowin.Shesaid:"Thenexttimeawomanruns,orablack,oraJeworanyonefromagroupthatthecountryisotready'toelecttothehighestoffice,Ibelieveheorshewillbetakenseriouslyfromthestart."(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ShirleyChisholmleftCongressinnineteeneighty-twoafterfourteenyears.Shesaidmanyvotersdidnotunderstandher.Shesaidherinfluenceasatruthful,toughpoliticianwasdecreasinginconservativetimes.Also,shewantedtospendmoretimewithhersecondhusband,ArthurHardwick.MizChisholmwentontoteachatMountHolyokeCollegeinSouthHadley,Massachusetts.YearsafterleavingCongress,shecontinuedtobeinvitedtospeakbeforemanygroupsandorganizations.AreporteronceaskedMizChisholmhowshewantedtoberemembered.Shesaidshedidnotwanttoberememberedasthenation'sfirstblackcongresswoman.Shewantedtoberememberedasabraveperson,apersonwhocreatedchange.VOICEONE:ShirleyChisholmdiedJanuaryfirst,twothousandfive.Shesufferedaseriesofstrokes.Shewaseightyyearsold.ShirleyChisholmlovedhercountry.ShewantedtoserveallAmerica,notjustAfricanAmericansandwomen.HerworkforthecommunityofBedford-Stuyvesant,thestateofNewYorkandthenationcontinuesthroughthechangesshehelpedmakeinAmericansociety.Shirleychisholm:"Americaisawonderfulland.It'snoquestionaboutit.ThatiswhyeverygroupfromacrossthewaterstriestocometoAmerica.Iamhopeful.OhGodamIhopefulthatbeforeIdiethatIwillseethatAmericawillmovetowardaperiodofrealenlightenment(notrhetoricalenlightenment,realenlightenment),andthatwhenwearefinallyfacedwiththechoiceofexclusionorinclusionwewillchooseinclusionbecausethat'swhatAmericaissupposetobeallabout."(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyLawanDavis.mBarbaraKlein.VOICEONE:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.