外研版（2019）必修第二册Unit6 Earth first Understanding ideas学案.docx

Unit6词汇学案I.shark：音译词“鲨鱼”2. scare：近义词：frighten；派生词：scary,scared（分词形容词）词块：scare.away/off3. dueto=becauseof4. dive：一词多义：基本义“向下冲”隐喻：具体的“跳水”一抽象的“冲向；俯冲”词块：diveinto,godiving；派生词：diver5. target：隐喻：具体的“靶子（目标）J抽象的“目标（靶子）”词块：setatarget,achieve/realiseone,starget,targetaudience名词动词化：betargetedat6. fortunately：fortunate+-ly；同义词luckily,句子副词词族：fortune,fortunate,fortunately,unfortunate,unfortunately7. extinction：extinct（adj灭绝的）+-tion词块：beindangerof/beontheedgeofextinction8. attitude：精准的汉语释义"态度'词块：agood/bad/positive/negativeattitudetowards/tosth9. devote：由de-（表示强调）+-vote（tovow说、发愿）构成。词源义是“发下宏愿”，引申为“致力于”“献身于词块：devoteoneselfto,devote.to10. ocean：英式英语用sea,美式英语用ocean11. highlight：high+light,原为绘画术语,即最明亮的部分,后引申为“做标记、强调”12. cruelty：cruel（adj残忍的）+y（名词后缀）13. hunting：hunt（v打猎）+-ing;词块：gohunting词族：hunt,hunter,hunting14. presentation：present+-ation；词块：giveapresentation15. reserve：re-（back回）+-servare（protect保护）同根词：ObSerVe（必修一U3）词块：reservetherighttodosth,reservearoom,oilreserves,awildlifereserve派生词：reservation（makeareservation）16. staff：精准的汉语释义“全体职工''，作主语时谓语动词用复数17. establish：近义词:setup,open,found（found更强调注入资金）词块：establishoneselfas派生词：established（anestablishedcompany老牌公司）18. damage：精准的汉语释义“损害；损坏”词块：cause/dodamageto19. flood：隐喻：具体的“洪水”一抽象的“大量/大批”名词动词化（基本义“像洪水一样涌入”）20. affect：基本义“影响”；熟词生义：使感动;使感染（疾病）21. supply：n词块：school/medicalsupplies,supplyanddemand,theelectricitysupply；v词块：supplysthtosb/supplysbwithsth22. restore：re-（back回）+store（储存）重新放回储存T恢复、修复23. adopt：ad（to去）+opt（选择）一选择然后采用T采纳T选择后领走T收养同根词：OPtion（必修一U3）派生词：adopted24. sustainable：sustain（v维持）+able可持续的词块：sustainabledevelopment25. bulb：词块：a60-wattbulb,energy-saving/energy-efficientbulbs26. renewable：re-+new+-able；词块：renewableenergy/resources27. carbon：词块：carbondioxide（CO2）,low-carbonlifestyle28. greenhouse：green+house；词块：greenhouseeffect29. reusable：re+use+-able30. brochure：词源：来自于法语broch（缝合）+-ure（名词后缀）一缝合在一起的物品T册子31. reduce：re-（back向后）+-due（bring,lead带）带回减少词块:reducefrom.to,reduceby32. solar：词块：solarenergy/power33. release：词源：re-+lease（loosen松开），词源义和基本义为“放开;松开“；词块：releaseamovie34. smog：拼缀法：Smoke+fog,原用以指伦敦曾经被浓烟笼罩的情形35. fog：词块：heavy/thickfog；派生词：foggy36. severe：一词多义：基本义“严重的"（extremelybadorserious）37. infection：infect（v传染）+tion38. lecture：词块：attend/gotoalecture,give/deliveralectureon/aboutsth熟词生义：教训（givesbalectureaboutsth=lecturesbaboutsth）39. permission：permit（v允许）+-sion词块：ask（for）permission,withoutpermission,permissiontodosth40. slide：一词多义:基本义“滑动”;名词“滑梯”熟词生义：幻灯片attitude态度；看法：have/take/adoptapositiveattitudeEverythingdependsonpeople'sattitude./Attitudeiseverything.attitudeto/toward（s）:Weshoulddevelopagoodattitudetolife.姿势：Hekneltinanattitudeofprayer.devotevt把用于；致力于；献身于：Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuildhomes.ShedevotedallherlifetomedicalworkforChinesewomenandchildren.devoteoneselfto献身于；致力于；专心于：Ifyouhaveajob,dodevoteyourselftoitandfinallyyou,llsucceed.写作同义异构：除了devoteOneSeIfto你还能想到哪些表示“专注于/致力于做某事”的表达？belostinbeabsorbedinbeengagedinbeinvolvedinfocusonconcentrateon【词汇拓展】devotedadj挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的：Herson,towhomshewassodevoted,wentabroadtenyearsago.devotionnU献身；忠诚；热爱；专心：devotiontodutyIrespectedhisdevotiontoteaching.reservevt保留；保存；储备：Theseseatsarereservedforspecialguests.Ifyouorderafterthat,wereservetherighttoeitheracceptorrejectorderrequests.llreservemyjudgmentuntilIfindalltheevidence.预订（book）：reservearoom/ticketreservenCH常用复数储备：oil/goldreservesC（野生动植物的）保护区：Thiscoastalareawasnamedanationalwildlifereservelastyear.【词汇拓展】reservationnC&U保留；异议：Iacceptyourstatementwithoutreservation（=completely）.C（旅馆房间、剧院座位等的）预订：llcalltherestauranttomakeareservation.establishvt建立；创立；设立（setup）：establishcontact/arelationshipwithThecompanywasestablishedin1980.【辨析】establish公司、机构等（正式用语）setup公司、机构等（日常用语）found公司、机构等（强调提供资金）open商店、餐馆、旅馆等（服务性质）确立；立足；得到认可：By1909,PicassohadestablishedhimselfasapainterofgreattalentinParis.Bythe1920sthefilmindustrywaswellestablishedinHollywood,California.ThisnovelestablishedthereputationhestillenjoystodayasoneofAmerica'sgreatestwriters.establishedadj已确立的；确定的：anestablishedfactanestablishedcompanydamagenU损害；损坏；损失harmorinjurycausedwhensthisbrokenorspoiled：Hewashitbyacarandsufferedseriousbraindamage.do/causedamagetoTheproblemisclear:manhasdonegreatdamagetohishomeovertheyears.C复数损害赔偿金：Hewasorderedtopaydamagesof$30,000.damagevt损害；损坏：（名词动化）Don,tdamageyourhealthforagoodfigure.destroyvt（必修一Unit6）毁坏；摧毁；毁掉：Thebuildingwascompletelydestroyedbyfire.消灭；亲死：Thedogattackedachildandhadtobedestroyed.ruinvt糟蹋；（完全地）毁坏：Don,tletasmalldisagreementruinyourfriendship.使破产：Ifshelosesthecourtcaseitwillruinher.nU毁灭；破产：theruinofcivilizationfinancialruinCH常用复数废墟；遗迹；残余：theruinsofRomeinruins成废墟；严重受损：Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.小结运用精准的汉语释义和英语释义区分damage,destroy和ruino damage的名词和动词都侧重“损”，表示可修复，常和badly、SerioUSIy等副词搭配； destroy侧重“毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和COmPIetely、entirely等副词搭配； ruin侧重“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此物仍然存在。头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destroy）了，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。floodn洪水；水灾：Theriverwasinflood.Policehaveissuedfloodwarnings.C大批；大量：floodsofrainAsimpleclickcanbringusafloodofmusic,moviesandPCgames.VVi&Vt（被）淹没；（使）泛滥：Heavyrainfallsfloodedthevillage.vi（洪水般地）涌进：Individuale-mailboxesaresometimesfloodedwithspame-mails.Whenwevisitedmyoldfamilyhome,memorycamefloodingback.floodedadj乐水泛滥质floodingnU水灾；洪水泛滥affectvt影响toinfluencesb/sth：（基本义）Withthegovernment,said,those（whowere）affectedbytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.常用于被动语态使感动；打动：Shewasdeeplyaffectedbythestory.使感染（疾病）：Diseasesaffectalmosteveryoneatsometimeduringtheirlives.词语辨析affect/effectaffect（动词）=tohaveaninfluenceonSb/sth；影响某人/某事：Doestelevisionaffectchildren'sbehaviour?effect（名词）=result,influence；作用；影响：Doestelevisionhaveaneffectonchildren,sbehaviour?SNPw9nC供应量；补给量：Therewasaplentifulsupplyofcheaplabour.Waterisinshortsupply.复数生活必需M；补给品：school/medical/reliefsuppliesU供应；供给：supplyanddemandcutofftheelectricitysupply vt供给；供应提供Jsupplysthtosb/supplysbwithsth:Themediasupplieslotsofinformationtouseveryday.辨析provide,offer,supply三者都有“供给、提供”加意思，但用法不同。>provide指有远见，为应付意外、紧急情况等作好充分准备而“供给、提供工常用providesthforsb或providesbwithsth结构。 TheRedCrossprovidesfoodandshelterfordisastervictims. Theprojectisdesignedtoprovideyoungpeoplewithwork.>off,er侧重表示“愿意给予”，常用offersbsth或offertodosth结构。 Sheofferedmearewardforthereturnofherlostmobilephone. Heofferedtogoinsteadofme.>supply通霜指定期“供应”，强调替代或补充所需物品，常用supplysbwithsth或supplysthtosb结构。 Thebutchersuppliesuswithmeat.reducevt&vi缩减；减少：Thepricehasbeenreducedfrom$10to$8.Eatingjustonecarrotadaycanreducethepossibilityofgettingthisdiseaseby40%.reduceto常用于被动宿态使陷入（更坏的）彘地；使箔落：Shewasreducedtotearsbytheircruelwords.Therelaymyhouse,reducedtoruins,smellyanddirty.【词汇拓展】reductionnCJ&U缩减；减少：strategiesfornoisereductionreleaseVt放开；松开：Don,treleasetherope.释放；排放:releaseaprisonerThefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke,makingtheairdirty.首映（电影）；发行（CD、书等）5发布（新闻等）：releaseamovie/newversion发泄；宣泄:Physicalexerciseisagoodwayofreleasingstress.解雇releasenU可用单数放走；释放；排放；宣泄：areleasefromprisonthereleaseofhomingpigeonsu可用单数i始行；发布：ThesoftwareisplannedforreleaseinApril.C发行的影片等；发布的新闻等：thelatestreleasesevereadj严重的extremelybadorserious：severedamage/aseveredrought严厉的；苛刻的：beseverewithoneself严峻的；激烈的：aseverewinterseverecompetition词汇拓展severelyadv严重地；严厉地：aseverelypollutedlakeAnyonebreakingthelawwillbeseverelypunished.本单元金句汇总1. Everythingdependsonpeople'sattitude./Attitudeiseverything.2. Weshoulddevelopagoodattitudetolife.3. ShedevotedallherlifetomedicalworkforChinesewomenandchildren.4. Ifyouhaveajob,dodevoteyourselftoitandfinallyyou,llsucceed.5. Theproblemisclear:manhasdonegreatdamagetohishomeovertheyears.6. Whenwevisitedmyoldfamilyhome,memorycamefloodingback.随堂检测attitude一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.1 hadtochangemyattitudeabouttheirabilityandpotential.2. Happinessdoesn'tdependonanyexternalconditions.Itisgovernedbyourmentalattitude.3. Herhandswerefoldedinanattitudeofprayer.二、将下列句子译成英语。1 .态度决定一切。2 .你应该以积极的态度面对生活。devote一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1. Shedevotedherselfhercareer.2. Inreallifethestarofthefilmisa（devote）husbandandfather.3. Her（devote）tothejobleftherwithverylittlefreetime.二、根据所给汉语，完成句子。1. IfIbecomeateacher,Iwill（全身心地投入）givingthemabettereducation.2. Hehas（将一生奉献给）worldpeace.3. Themeetingwill（用于）healthandsafetyissues.4. He（深爱着）hisfamily.reserve写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.1 reservedaroominthenameofJones.2. Themanagementreservetherighttorefuseadmission.3. Thisareawasonceawildlifereservelastyear.4. Westillhavefoodreservesincaseofemergency.establish一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1. Ourgoalistoestablishanewresearchcentreinthenorth.2. He,dalreadybeguntoestablishareputationasajournalist.3. Hehasjustsetuphisownbusiness,butitwilltakehimawhiletogetestablished.二、根据汉语提示，完成下列句子。1. Thepurchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatan（老牌公司）isbuyinganew-bornthreat（威胁）.2. Adog,seatinghabitrequiresregulartrainingbefore（正确建立）.damage,destroy,ruin一、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。damage,destroy,ruin1. Thebuswasbadlywhenithitthewall.2. Thebuildingwascompletelybyfire.3. Itpouredwithrainandmydressgot.4. Thisillnessshasmylife.5. Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasandtheyhadnothing.6. Thehomelessshelterwasentirelyinthehugeearthquake.flood写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1. EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobs.2. Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenareaarerunningout.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere,snoneleft.3. Theraincausedthestreetstofloodandthesubwaysystemalmostcametoastop.4. Donationsbeganfloodinginfromhundredsofpeople.affect一、根据句意选出affect的最佳释义。影响常用于被动语态使感动；打动使感染（疾病）1. Welchexaminedasickboy,Billy,andknewhehaddiphtheria,adeadlydiseasemainlyaffectingchildren.2.Withthegovernment）said,thoseaffectedbytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.3.1wasdeeplyaffectedbythefilm.二、选出适当的单词，并用其适当形式填空。（affect,effect）1.1 triedtopersuadehim,butwithlittleorno.2. WhenIwas50,myweightproblembegantomeseriously.supply根据汉语提示完成句子.1 .（食品补给）intheflood-strickenareaarerunningout.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere,snoneleft.2. TheHelpDesk（为提供服务）youalltheyearround!3. Shesurvivedbecauseof（充足的供应）offreshwater.4. Wateris（供应短缺）,pollutionisworsening,andthereisnoaffordablehousingleftforthemtobuy.reduce一、选出能替换画线部分的单词或短语。Thepricehasbeenreducedfrom$10to$8.（cut/doubled）二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。Smallbusinesseswillneedto（减少成本）inordertosurvive.2. Oneofthemosteffectivewaysto（减压）istotalkaboutfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.3. Theworkershadbeen（减少了一半）.release一、请将下列短语翻译成汉语。1. pressreleases2. signarelease3. releaseinformation4. releaseanewfilm5. releaseprisonersofwar6. releasethecreativepowersofthepeople二、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。He（放开了她的胳膊）.2. Don,t（放开绳索）.3. Theprisonerwasquestioned（在他获得释放之前）.4. Thenewfilmwill（将于下个月发行）5. AftermyexaminationIhad（如释重负）.6. Thetrainer（把鲸鱼放归大海）.severe写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1. TheUSfacessevereeconomicproblems._2. Shewasaseverewomanwhoseldomsmiled.3. Thenegotiations（谈判）willbeaseveretestofabilities.4. Sheworeasevereblackdress,andplainblackshoes.