新概念二册语法精粹附练习题.docx

一、一般现在时：1 .构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。(1)直接加"s”,works,takes(2)以辅音加"y”结尾，变"y”为"i”,再加“es”carrycarries以“o,s,X,ch,sh''结尾的动词加“es”goesdresseswatchesbrushes2 .功能：(1)表现在的事实、状态或动作：eg:.Birdsfly.Shelovesmusic.Mary'sparentsgetupveryearly.(2)表习惯性动作或职业，常与Often,sometimes,usually,always,everyweek,seldom,occasionally,frequently等时间副词连用。eg:.Ialwaystakeawalkaftersupper.Shewritestomeveryoften.Tomandhisgirlfriendgoouttotakeapicnicoccasionally.(3)表客观真理，格言警句或事实：.Theearthmovesroundthesun.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.Twoandtwomakesfour.A.Nomanbuterrs.人非圣贤，熟能无过。(4)表将来：A.在由When,after,before,as,assoonas,although,because,if,evenif,incase,till,until,unless,solongas,where,whatever,WhereVer等引导的状语从句中用般现在时我将来发生的动作。(黄金重点，所有考试都不放过它！)例如：.IItellherwhenshecomestomorrow.Evenifitrainsthisafternoon,llmeetyou.Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcl-headed.(不错的句型,背下!)A.I'llberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.(很感人的句型!)B.按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。.Theplaybeginsat6:30thisevening.Whendoestheplanetakeoff?.Heleavesforthatcitynextweek.Accordingtothetimetable,theexpresstraintoShanghaistartsatnineinthemorning.(按照时刻表，开往上海的特快列车早上7点出发。)测试精编1. TheBrownsanicecarandBrown'sbrotheranicejeep.A.have/haveB.has/hasC.have/hasD.has/have2. Iftheirhousenotlikeours,whatitlooklike?A.is/isB.is/doesC.does/doesD.does/is3. -youthinkhewillcome?-Ifittomorrow,hewillnotcome.A.Do/rainsB.Are/rainsC.Do/willrainD.Are/willrain4. Thelittlechildnotevenknowthatthemoonaroundtheearth.A.do/moveB.do/movesC.does/movesD.did/moved5. Manyastudentfondoffilms,butagoodstudentseldomtothecinemaA.are/goesB.is/goesC.are/goD.is/go二,现在进行时:is/am/are+现在分词1 .表示现在正在进行的动作。如.Thekettleisboiling.ShallImaketea?.Don'tyouthinkyoueattoomuch?You'reputtingonweight（体重增加）。.Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeacrosstheriver.2 .表现阶段正进行的动作。.Heistakingphysicsthissemester（本学期）。.Wearepreparingforourfinalexaminationthisweek.3 .go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join,etc.用于进行时态时表示即将开始的姬。.Look!ThebusisCOming.看!车来了!.Theoldmanisseriouslyill,andheisdying.AliceisleavingforBeijingwithhermother.4 .与always,forever,continua11y,constantly等副词连用，表示说话人带有感情色彩：赞赏或厌恶。.HeisalwaysthinkingofOtherS.（他总是想着别人。）.Theboyiscontinuallymakingnoises.（这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。）.Theteacherisconstantly（always）criticizingherforbeinglate.（老师一直在批评她迟到。）5 .下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时。此条戒律请背10遍！believe（相信），doubt（疑心），see（看见），hear（听见），know（知道），understand（理解）,belong（属于），think（认为）,consider（认为）,feel（觉得），look（看起来）,seem（看上去），show（显示），mind（介意），have（有），sound（听起来）,taste（尝起来）,require（要求），possess（拥有），care（关心），Hke（喜欢），hate（讨厌），love（喜爱），detest（憎恨），desire（意欲）【简单记忆工永远不要说mbelieving或Heisseeingahouse.再简单一点说，这些动词后面不要随意加-ing.可怕的是：我们在写作及口语中常犯此类大错！注意：haveaparty/thinkabout可以用进行时，因为这里have意为"举行"：think意为"考虑测试精编：1.HowcanyouIfyouarenot?A.listening/hearingB.hear/listeningC.belistening/heardD.behearing/listeningto2.Thegirlevenwon'thaveherlunchbeforesheherhomework.A.willfinishC.hadfinishedB.isfinishingD.finishes3.Thosewhohaveappliedforthepost（职位）intheoffice.（此题超前）A.arebeinginterviewedC.interviewingB.areinterviewingD.tobeinterviewing4.Theoldscientisttodomoreforthecountry.A.iswishingC.wishesB.hasbeenwishingD.hasbeenwished5.Ifhe,don'twakehimup.A.stillsleepsC.stillhasbeensleepingB.isstillsleepingD.willbesleepingstill三.一般过去时。定义动词的过去式：1 .表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。 .Wevisitedtheschoollastspring. .IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool. .Chinawasfoundedin1949.2 .在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。（参） .Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithusifitrainedthenextday. .Theywouldnotleaveuntilshecameback. .Myfriendpromisedtomarrymeonceshemadeherfinaldecision.3.一般过去时，现在时和过去时的几组差异：（别以为这很简单,下面的差异你不一定明白。） Herbrotherwasachemist.（已去世） HerbrotherisaChemiSt.（尚健在） That'sallIhadtosay.（话已说完） That'sallIhavetosay.（言之未尽） Itwassonicetoseeyou.（离别时用） Itissonicetoseeyou.（见面时用） Janedidalotofworkthismorning.（己是当天下午或晚上） Janehasdonealotofworkthismorning.（仍是上午）本句现在完成时,此乃后话！测试精编I：（用所给动词的正确进态填空）。1. YesterdayI（think）thatyouwerenotinBeijing.2. Aliceusually（sit）inthefrontoftheclassroom,butshe（sit）atthebackthismorning.3. He（tell）thenewstousthreedaysago.4. He（begin）toteachChinesein1990.5.shewouldnottelephonemeifshe（have）notime.测试精编II：1. Theythetripuntiltherainstopped.A.continuedB.didn'tcontinueC.hadn'tcontinuedD.wouldcontinue2. Thelocalpeasantsgavethesoldiersclothesandfoodwithoutwhichtheyofhungerandcold,（without在这里表条件,你知道吗？）A.woulddieB.willdieC.wouldbedeadD.wouldhavedied3. ItwasnotuntilthenthatIcametoknowthattheeartharoundthesun.A.movedB.hasmovedC.willmoveD.moves4. Whenallthosepresent（到场者）hebeganhisIeCtUre.（重点题）A.sitB.setC.seatedD.wereseated5. IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhavewrittentoyou.ButinfactInot.A.haveB.wouldhaveC.hadD.hadhad四.过去进行时：Were/was+现在分词。1 .表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。A.Iwasplayingchessat8yesterdayevening.WhenIarrived,theywerewatchingTV.Theyweredoinghouseworkthistimelastweek.2 .用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的动作。.Shetoldmetowakehimupifshewassleeping.IaskedmyfriendtowarnmeaboutitaslongasIwasdrivingtoofast.3 .过去某时将发生的事。可参考一2（4）.TheytoldmethattheywereleavingfbrNewYork.HewasgoingoutwhenIarrived.测试精编：1. Mybrotherwhilehehisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell/wasridingB.feel/wereridingC.hadfallen/rodeD.hadfallen/wasriding2. Hehislegasheinafootballmatch.A.broke/playedB.wasbreaking/wasplayingC.broke/wasplayingD.wasbreaking/played3. -Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.-Ithoughtthathetoday.A.wascorningB.iscomingC.willcomeD.comes4. Jackwasgoingoutoftheshopwhenhecollidedwithanoldwomanwhoin.A.comeB.wascomingC.hadbeencomingD.hadcome5. Michikecouldn'tcometothetelephonewhenMr.Smithcalledherbecausesheinthelab.A.hadbeenworkingB.hasbeenworkingC.wasworkingD.worked五.现在完成时:have/has+过去分词1.表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与yet,just,before,recently,lately（最近），ever,never等表时间的副词搭配使用。 Hehasn'tseenherlately. Ihaven'tfinishedthebookyet.2,表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作，常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：sofar（迄今为止），uptillnow（直到现在），since,foralongtime（很长时间）,uptopresent（直到现在），inthepast/inthelastfewyears（在过去的几年里）,thesedays（目前） .Hehasworkedherefor15years. .IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcamehere. .TheforeignerhasbeenawayfromChinaforalongtime. .Sofar,Ihaven'treceivedasingleletterfrommybrother.3 .某些非延续性动词（BP：动作开始便终止的动词）,在现在完成时中不能与表示段时间状语搭配。黄金要点：I.常见的非延续动词：die,arrive（到达），join（参加），leave（离开），go,refuse（拒绝），fail（失败）,finish,buy,marry,divorce（离婚），awake（醒）,buy,borrow,lend.（1三遍！）11.这类动词并非不能用现在完成时，而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语。IIL但假设是用在否认句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 Shehasgoneawayforamonth.（误 Shehasbeenawayforamonth（正） Themanhasdiedfortwoyears.（误） Themanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.（正） Howlonghaveyouboughtthebook?（误） Howlonghaveyougotthebook.（正）4 .注意since的用法： .Theyhaven'thadanytroublesincetheycamehere. .Ithasbeentenyearssincewemetlasttime.A.Hehasbeenheresince1980. .Hehasbeenheresincetenyearsago.5.几组比照：HehasgonetoShanghai.他到上海去了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他去过上海。Shehasgone.她已走了。SheiSgOne.她缺席了。（Or她死了Thedoorhasbeenclosed.Il关上了。（动作）ThedoOriSCk）Sed.门是关着的。（状态）测试精编：1. Thepricesgoingupallthetimeinthepastfewyears.A.keepB.keptC.havekeptD.arekeeping2. Forthewholeperiodoftwomonths,therenoraininthisarea.A.isB.willbeC.hasbeenD.havebeen3. TodayisJane'sweddingday.SheJohn.A.havejustmarriedwithB.wasjustmarriedtoC.hasjustbeenmarriedtoDJusthasbeenmarriedto4. Nowondertheflowerhavewithered,theyanywaterforages.A.hadn'tB.haven'tC.haven'thadD.hadn'thad5. Nowadayscomputerawideapplicationwiththedevelopmentofproductionandscience.A.foundB.hasfoundC.findsD.hadfound六.现在完成进行时：have/has+been+现在分词1.表示从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在且可能延续下去的动作。（最好将此定义读5通）.vebeenwaitingforanhourbutshehasn'tcome.Hehasbeenrunningafterherfor8years.（runafter:追求）2.表某种感情色彩。.vebeenwantingtoseeyouforsomanyyears.A.Who,sbeentellingyousuchnonsense.释惑要点：现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比照：现在完成时强调“结果”,而完成进行时强调“动作的延续”。 .Ihavethoughtofit.（我已想到了这一点。） .Ihavebeenthinkingofit.（我一直在想这一点。） .Jimhaspaintedthedoor.（杰姆已将门油漆过了。） .Jimhasbeenpaintingthedoor.（杰姆一直在油漆门）测试精编：1. Theyussincefiveo'clockthismorning.A.arehelpingB.havebeenhelpingC.havebeenhelpedD.havehelped2.1 thebookthewholeday,yetIhaven'tfinishedit.A.havebeenreadingB.havereadC.amreadingD.hadbeenreading3. Pleasecomein.Weaboutyourpaper.A.talkB.hadbeentalkingC.havebeentalkingD.wouldhavetalked4. Suchnaturalresourcesascoalandpetroleum.A.graduallyareexhaustedB.arebeinggraduallyexhaustedC.havegraduallyexhaustingD.havebeenexhaustinggradually5. Italmosteverydaysofarthismonth.A.israiningB.rainedC.rainsD.hasbeenraining用所给动词正确时态填空。1.Youshouldgotobed.You（watch）TVfor5hours.2.1（write）letterssincebreakfast.3.1（write）3letterssincebreakfast.4.Sorry,butMr.Smith（leave）forBeijing.5.1（lk）forhimeverywhere,wherecanhebe?七.过去完成时：had+过去分词1.表示过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生、完成的动作。“过去的过去 TheyhadgoteverythingreadybeforeIcame. TheplayhadbegunbefbreIgottothetheaterwithmyboyfriend.2.过去完成时常用于hardlyZscarcely.when,nosooner.than等固定句型结构中。（此乃超级重点句型，意为：“一就”） Shehadhardly/scarcelygonetobedwhenthebellrang. Nosoonerhadhearrivedattherailwaystationthanhemetherparents.（注意nosooner在句首时句型倒装。）3.intend（打算），mean（意味），hope（希望），Want（想要），plan（方案）等动词的过去完成时用来表示本打算做而没有做的事。 Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday,butsomeonecametoseemejustwhenIwasabouttoleave.（原想昨天去看你） Theyhadplanedtoholdafootballmatchlastweek,buttheyhadtocancelitbecausethebadweather.（原方案上周举行一场足球赛）测试精编：1. -Let'shurry!Thepresidentiscoming.-Oh,Iwasafraidthatwe.A.alreadymisshimB.hadalreadymissedhimC.willmisshimalreadyD.havealreadymissedhim2. YourlettercamejustasImyoffice.A.wasleavingB.wouldleaveC.hadleftD.left2.1 mykeys,Ican'trememberwhereIlastsawthem.A.waslosingB.lostC.hadlostD.havelost4. Nobodyknewwheretheteacher.A.hasgoneB.wouldhavegoneC.hadgoneD.wouldbegone5. Thesportsmentrainingfor3hourswhenthecoachtoldthemtobreakoffforrest.A.havebeenB.areC.hadbeenD.were八.一般将来时：ShaIl/will+动词原形1.表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 Hewillgraduatefromthecollegenextyear. Weshallfinishourworkasquicklyaspossible.2.将来时的其它结构：（务必背下！）I.begoingtodoSOmething.打算做某事。（美国口语中常读作begonna） mgoingtobuyanewcoatthisfall.begoingto与will的比照：以下情况须用will llbesixteenyearsoldnextyear. Itwillbethe20thofAugusttomorrow. Whenhecomes,Iwillgivehimyourmessage.1. be+todosth.表示方案安排做某事或用来征求意见。 AmItotakeoverhiswork? Wearetomeetatthegate.111. beabouttodosth.即将做某事。Thetalkisabouttobegin.3.重点补充：beonthepointofdoingsth.正要做某事setouttodosth.着手做某事setaboutdoingsth.开始做某事测试精编：1. -"Themeetingisscheduledtobeginat7o'clock."-"Butadelay.,A.itwillbeB.there'dbeC.therewillbeD.thereis2. He'llleaveforParisbeforeyounextweek.A.willcomebackB.willbebackC.comebackD.cameback3. Ournextmeetingon1stDecember.A.hasbeenheldB.willholdC.istobeheldD.isholding4. Whereawill,thereisaway.A.therewillhaveB.hasbeenthereC.thereisD.therehasbeen5. ItbeWednesdaytomorrow.A.isgoingtoB.willC.isabouttoD.isto九.过去将来时:should/would+动词原形1.表示从过去某个时刻看将要发生的动作或状态。Hesaidthattheywouldmeetmeatthestation.2.此用法常用于间接引语中。测试精编：1. OntelevisionlastnightthenewscasterannouncedthattheleaderonSaturday.A.isarrivingB.willarriveC.wouldbearrivedD.wouldarrive2. Hetoldusthathewouldbeginthedictationwhenweready.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.wereD.are3. Myaunttoseeus,shewouldbeheresn.A.iscomingB.wascomingC.cameD.hadcame4. Theywouldbegivenanewhouseifmorethenextyear.A.willbebuiltB.wouldbebuiltC.arebuiltD.werebuilt十.过去完成进行时：hadbeen+现在分词表示过去某个时间之前一直在进行的动作。 ShesaidthatshehadbeentypingapaperbeforeIcamein.比拟： .Thegirlhadcleaneduptheroom,soitwastidy. .Thegirlhadbeenclearinguptheroom,sowehadtowaitoutside.测试精编：1. Itforfourdayswhenwearrived,sotheroadswereverymuddy.A.wasrainingB.wouldberainingC.hadbeenrainingD.hasrained2. Hetoldusthathetheresince1982.A.hasbeenlivingB.hadbeenlivingC.wouldhavelivedD.wasliving3. HehadbeenlearningEnglishfor3yearsbeforehecamehereandnow.A.isstilllearningB.hadbeenlearningC.wasstilllearningD.hasbeenlearning4. Bytheendoflastweek,heinthecompanyfor10years.A.hadworkedB.hadbeenworkingC.willhaveworkedD.wouldhaveworked5. Notuntilthendidpeopleknowthatheimportantmilitaryinformationtotheenemyforalongtime.A.soldB.wouldsellC.hadsoldD.hadbeenselling.将来进行时:shall/willbe+现在分词1.表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作：.Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow?K比拟A.Tomwon'tcutthegrassbecauseheisafraidofbeingtired.（说明意图）A.Tomwon'tbecuttingthegrass.（无意图、仅陈述事实）2 .用将来进行时询问别人的方案、打算比用-般将来时更显礼貌o.Willyoubehavingsupperwithusthisevening?3 .将来进行时表示对即将发生的动作的推测。.ShewillbearrivingatShanghaitomorrowmorning.Thecarwillbegoingatthespeedof100milesanhour.十二过去将来进行时：should/wouldbe+现在分词表示从过去某时看将来某时正在进行的动作。.HeaskedmewhatIshouldbedoingwhenhecamethenextday.测试精编：1. Tomorrow,Ithebookallmorning.A.amreadingB.willbereadingC.willreadD.haveread2. -"Canyouattendthemeetingtonight?"-"No,themanageraboutsomethingurgent."A.IseeB.I1haveseenC.llbeseeingD.Icansee3. OfthemillionswhosawHaley'scometin1986,howmanypeoplelongenoughtoseeitretuminthetwenty-firstcentury?A.willtheyliveB.theywillbelivingC.willliveD.living4. HetoldusthathevisitingJapanbythistimenextyear.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.wasD.is5. Itwhenyouwakeuptomorrowmorning.A.issnowingB.willsnowC.willbesnowingD.snows十三.将来完成时:shall/willhave+过去分词表示将来某时之前已经完成的动作。.Theywillhavebeenherefor5yearsnextFriday.Bytheendofnextterm,thestudentswillhavefinishedthebook.十四.过去将来完成时:would/shouldhave+过去分词表示从过去某个时间看将来某时之前已经完成的动作。Hesaidthattheywouldhavearrivedbyseveno'clock.十五.将来完成进行时:shall/willhavebeen+现在分词表示某一动作将继续到将来某时，且该动作此时尚未发生。.WeshallhavebeenstayinghereforfourweekswhenTbmarrives.Itwillhavebeenrainingforaweekifitdoesnotstoptomorrow.注：此句型过于复杂，人们很少运用，了解而己。单项自测题（综合训练）1. Simplephotographiclensescan'tsharp,undistortedimagesoverawidefield.A.toformB.areformedC.formingD.form2. Ofallthefactorsaffectingagriculturalyields,weatheristheonethemost.A.itinfluencesfarmersB.thatinfluencesfarmersC.farmersthatitinfluencesD.whyfarmersinfluenceit3. Bytrackingtheeyeofahurricane,forecasterscandeterminethespeedatwhich.A.isastormmovingB.astormismovingC.ismovingastormD.amovingstorm4. Duringthefloodof1927,theRedCross,outofemergencyheadquartersinMississippi,setuptemporarysheltersforthehomeless.A.operatesB.isoperatingC.hasoperatedD.operating5. Ofalltheeconomicallyimportantplants,palmshavebeen.A.theleaststudiedB.studytheleastC.studylessandlessD.tostudytheless6. Duringaneclipseofthesun,intheshadowoftheMoon.A.theEarthliesB.theEarthwhenlyingC.thattheEarthliesD.thelyingEarth7. Thephotoperiodicresponseofalgaeactuallydependsonthedurationofdarkness,.A.thelightisnotonB.andnotonlightC.butisnotonthelightD.isnotonlight8. Thewallflowerbecauseitsweakstemsoftengrowonwallsandalongstrongcliffsfo