人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters Words and Expressions 单词讲义素材.docx

BooklUnit4Wordsandexpressions!.disastern.灾害；灾难disastrousadj.灾难性的自然灾害naturadisasters空难anairdisaster/crashAnearthquakehit/struckthecitylastnight.灾区disaster-hit/disaster-strickenareastornado/typhoon龙卷风drought干旱flood洪水landslide滑坡tsunami海啸hurricane飓风volcaniceruption火山爆发2. slide-slid-slidvt/vi1）（使）滑行/滑动ThekidSSlid_downthegrassyslope.从草坡上滑下来2）（使）悄移到；（使）悄悄移动Thethiefslid/slippedintotheroomwhenweweresleeping,溜进Heslidthemoneyquicklyintohispocket.补:flood1） Agreatsenseofrelieffloodedoverhim.他深感宽慰2） Memoriesofchildhoodcamefloodingback/in.童年的记忆涌上心头3） Telephonecallscamefloodinginfromalloverthecountry.全国各地的电话像潮水般打来3. rescuen/vt1）把某人从某地营救出来rescuesbfrom-Shewasrescuedfromtheburninghouse.2）救援；营救（来/去）营救某人come/gotoone*srescue救援工人rescueworkers=rescuerItwasnotlongbeforetheycametomyrescue,他们不久就来营救我了4. damagevt/ndamagingadj有害的1） vt,损坏；损害Don'tdamageyourhealthforagoodfigure.Mycarwasseverelydamaged,butluckilythechildrenwerenothurt.2） U损害/坏；损失对造成伤害do/cause（extensive）damageto脑损伤braindamageManhascausedseriousdamagetohishomeovertheyears.严重伤害他的家园5. destroy-destroyed-destroyedvt摧毁；毁掉destructionn破坏，毁坏destructiveadj有破坏力的毁掉某人的信心/希望destroyone'Sconfidence/hopebedestroyedinthefireThefloodcausedseriousdestructiontothevillage.区分：damage通常指部分性损坏；可修复的破坏；destroy指彻底的毁坏或毁灭，通常不可修复6. evacuatevt/vi疏散；撤离evacuationn,疏散；撤离Childrenwereevacuatedfromthebuildingtoescapethebombing.7. deathn.死;死亡die(die-died-died-dying)vi.vt.死亡deadadj.死去的吓/无聊得要死befrightened/boredtodeathbedyingforsth极其想要某物bedyingtodosth极其想要做某事Thereareelevendeathsfromthecarcrash,有11人死亡Thesoundoftheirlaughterdiedaway.逐渐消失Whentheapplausedieddown,shebeganherspeech,逐渐平息8. affectvt.effectn.影响，结果，效应；效果affectionn.喜爱affectionateadj.慈爱的1) vt.影响(=influence)那些受到地震影响的人thoseaffectedbytheearthquake2) vttoimpress;tomove(usuallypassive)Shewasaffectedbythestory.深深打动拓展：对有影响hoveaneffecton原因和结果causeandeffect副作用sideeffectcomeintoeffect/takeeffect开始生效9. shelterv/n.1)C.避难所；躲避处为幸存者建避难所buildshelterforsurvivors2)U保护；庇护；掩蔽躲雨(take/find)shelterfromtherain3) v.保护；掩蔽；为提供避难所theshelteredlifeofchildhoodlifesheltersb/sthfrom保护这个地区免受袭击protect/sheltertheareafromsandstorms9. crackn/v1) n.Thiscuphasacrackinit,裂缝2)vtvi.(使)5STheboyfailedtocrackthewalnut,没能砸开核桃10. ruinn/vl)n.毁坏；废墟(常用复数)严重受损；破败不堪(be/lie)inruinsThewarbetweenthetwocountrieslefttheareainruins(使这一地区破败不堪；IeaVe)2) vt毁坏，破坏，糟蹋；使破产毁掉某人的健康/事业/前途/名声ruinone'shealth/career/future/reputationWevisitedtheruinsoftheSummerPalacelastsummer.Itwasruinedbyforeigninvaders.Thismistakeruinedhischancesofgettingapromotion11. shockv/nshockedadj.感到震惊的shockingadj,令人震惊的1)U震惊；休克C令人震惊的事情cultureshock文化冲击处于震惊状态inshock/inastateofshock让某人非常震惊comeasashock(tosb)Thenewsofhisdeathcameasashocktous.(让我们大为震惊)2)vt使震惊,对感到震惊beshockedat令人震惊的消息shockingnewsThegirlwastooshockedtodescribewhathadhappened.12. trapv/n1) vttrap-trapped-trapped-trapping使陷入困境；使中计/圈套被困在betrappedin诱使某人做某事trapsbintodoingsthTrappedinatrafficjam.Iwaslateforwork,遇到堵车Someoftherescueworkersweretrappedinruins,被困在废墟中Thechildrentrappedintheburningweresavedatlast,被困在燃烧房子里的孩子们2)n.陷阱；圈套，诡计为设下圈套Setatrapfor步入陷阱fall/WaIkintOatrap13bury-buried-buryingvt1)掩埋；埋葬双手掩面buryone*sfaceinone*shandsWeneedtoburythedeadbodiesassoonaspossibletostopthediseasespreading.Onhearingthenews,sheburiedherfaceinhand(双手掩面)andcried.Thevolcanoeruptedandthelavapoureddownthemountains,buryingseveralvillages.2) buryoneselfin(doing)sth/beburiedin(doing)sth专做Sincehetookovertheproject,hehasbeenburiedinhiswork.Buryinghimselfinabook(专致志地看书),hedidn,tnoticemecomein.14. breathevt/vi/呼吸breathn,呼吸breathlessadj,气喘吁吁气喘吁吁OUtofbreath深呼吸takeadeepbreath屏气holdone'sbreath喘气catchone,sbreathThebabyfellasleep,breathingdeeplyandevenly.Heheldhisbreathwhiletheresultswerereadout.Gaspingforbreath,sheleanedagainstthedoor.15. revivevt./vi.复活;苏醒revivaln.复苏；振兴Tangshanbegantoreviveitselfandgetuponitsfeetagain.（重新站起来）WorldtradeisshowingsignsofarevivaloThedoctorstriedinvaintorevivehim.16. effortn.努力effortlessadj.不需努力的尽全力做某事makeeveryefforttodosth.不遗余力做某事sparenoefforttodosth努力做某事makeanefforttodosth为了做某事inaneffort/attempttodosth.费力地/毫不费力with/withouteffortAllhiseffortswereendedinfaiIture（以失败告终/白费了）wererewarded.Shemadegreatefforttohide/conceal/disguisehisembarrassment.Greghasgoneonadietinanefforttoloseweight.（为了减肥）17. unifyvt/Vi使成一体；统一unitevt/vi使联合/团结unitedadj.联合的；团结的unityn.团结；联合unionn.协会；俱乐部；联盟同心协力makeaunitedeffort学生会theStudent'SUnionUnitedKingdom/NationsUnionisstrength,团结就是力量18. wiseadj.明智的；聪明的wisdomn.智慧；才智明智的决定awisedecision某人做某事是明智的itiswiseofsbtodosth.Amanofgreatwisdomoftenappearsslow.大智若愚19. contextn.语境；上下文；背景guessthemeaningofthewordsfromthecontext.20. sufferVt遭受；蒙受vi受苦Sufferingn,苦难;痛苦；折磨经受系歹IJ苦难gothroughaseriesofsufferings遭受痛苦/失败/损失sufferpain/failure/losses因而受苦；患病sufferfrom（poverty/acold/heartdisease）Theincidentevokedmemoriesofhispastsufferings.21. eruptvt/vi火山爆发eruptionn.爆发1） Anactivevolcanomayeruptatanytime.2） eruptionofviolence3） eruptintolaughter/fury（某种情绪的）爆发4） Theroomeruptedagainintothunderous/deafeningcheersandapplause.22. supplyn./vt.l）n.供应，供应量；补给品（常用复数）学校医疗用品school/medicalsupplies供应和需求supplyanddemand切断电力供应cutoffthesupplyofelectricityWaterisshortofsupply,供应短缺Maleteachersareingreatdemand.(需求量大)2)vt供给；供应；提供给提供supplysbwithsth/supplysthtosb区分providesbwithsth/providesthforsboffersbsth/offersthsbThemediasupplyuswithlargeamountsofinformationeveryday.给我们提供大量信息24. intheopenair在户外；露天outdooractivities室外活动Shallweputonafilmintheopenair?25. survivevt/visurvivaln.幸存survivorn.幸存者D幸存；存活在地震中幸免survivetheearthquake靠生存surviveon为生存而斗争struggleforsurvival2)vt.比活得长Shesurvivedherhusbandbytenyears.幸存几率chancesofsurvival26. powern.powerfuladj.指人)有权势的；有影响力的；指物)强有力的(Rpowerless)1) powerfailure停电2) nuclear/Wind/solarpower核/风/太阳能3) Aisknowntous,knowledgeispower.4) Weshouldneverignorethepowerofnature/thepress.5) powerofspeech6) comeintopower/beinpower当权7) Ildoeverythinginmypowertohelpyou.27. tapvt/vi轻叩/拍/敲n.水龙头；轻叩/拍/敲1) tapon/atthedoor2)拍某人的肩膀tapsb.ontheshould3)开/关水龙头turnon/offthetap28. whistlen/v.1) Thelifeguardblewhiswhistle.吹口哨2) Thetrainwhistledwhenitpulledintothestation.火车鸣笛29. emergencyn.紧急情况以防有情急情况发生incaseofemergency1) adj.冷静的/平静的keepcalmHervoicewassurprisinglycalm.Herpreviouscalmgavewaytoterror.2) vtcalm(sb)down使平静/冷静下Takeafewdeepbreathsandcalmyourselfdown.3) eruptionofviolence关力suppxlern.供应高31. aidn./v.=assistance1) n.给进行急救do/perform/give/offerfirstaidto/onsb.在的帮助下Withtheaidof帮助某人come/gotoone'Said助学金financialaidOneofthestaffsawhisdifficultyandcametomyaid.2) vt帮助某人做某事aidsbin(doing)sth在某方面帮助某人aidsbwithsthTheChinesegovernmentaidedseveralAfricanCountriesWithmoneyandtechnology.32. onhand现有(尤指帮助)Wedon,thaveenoughfoodonhandfortheparty.区分athand在手边；在附近keepadictionaryathandwhilelearningEnglish.33. crashv./.1) vt/vi碰撞；撞击crashinto/onto撞到上Theplanecrashedshortlyaftertake-off.坠毁Shestormedoutoftheroomandcrashedthedoorshutbehindher.摔门而出2)n.撞车，碰撞；坠毁火车/汽车碰撞事故atrain/carcrashThe5-year-oldboywastheonlyonewhosurvivedtheplanecrash.34. sweep-swept-sweptsweepaway扫走；消除Awaveoftirednesssweptoverher.她感觉浑身疲惫。35. wavev./n.1)CAwaveofanger/lonelinesssweptoverhim一股愤怒/孤独Awaveofpanicspreadthroughthecrowd.givesbawave向某人挥手2) vt/viwaveone'shands向某人挥手告别wavesbgoodbye/wavegoodbyetosb.36. strike-struck-struckstrickenadj.遭受之灾的1) Theboyfell,strikinghisheadonthetable,碰撞2) Theclockstrucktwelveo,clockjustnow.敲响3) 1.astmonth,manypartsofChinawerestruckbyfloods.侵袭