外研版（2019）必修第二册Unit1Foodforthought基础知识学案.docx

Unit1SectionA基础练习一、基础短语Lgowell_3.sth.与相酉己2.bebelieved即将做某事4.(be)madesth.被认为是由制成5.(be)well-known_因而闻名6.多亏，由于7._开始做某事8.养成做某事的习惯9.一去肉店10._一定做过某事11.最好做某事12._遭受之苦13.按照，根据，据所说14.对付，应付，处理15.偶然遇见，偶然发现16._one,scouragesth.鼓起勇气做某事17.咬一口18.beamazed_惊奇地发现19.sb.sth.使某人想起某事20.爱上.21._知道22.甲之熊掌，乙之砒霜23.对.感到舒适自在24.没有比.更好25.给某人留下印象二、词性转换（构词法梳理）1,转化法构词.n.种，类fV.将.分类，整理。.n.烤面包（片），吐司一V.烘，烤（面包或其他食品）。.n.大块烤肉一adj.烤好的，烤制的。.V.咬fn.咬。2,派生法构词 .spicen.香料fadj.（食物）加有香料的，辛辣的。 .marryV.结婚，嫁,娶-*n.婚姻。 .typen.种类，类型fadj.典型的，有代表性的。 .v.（身体或精神上）受苦fsufferingn.痛苦，苦难，折磨。 .V.聚集fgatheringn.聚集，聚会POiSOnn.毒药，毒物，毒素fadj.有毒的三、重难点知识及练习1.现在分词（短语）作状语作时间状语（相当于时间状语从句）；例：Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawsomestudentsplayingbasketballontheplayground.我从窗户向外望，看见一些学生在操场上打篮球。作原因状语（相当于原因状语从句）；例：Beingill,shedidn,tgotoschooltoday.因为生病，她今天没去上学。作条件状语（相当于条件状语从句）；例：Studyinghard,you,11passtheexam.努力学习，你会通过考试的。作让步状语（相当于让步状语从句）；低!：Admittingwhatshehassaid,Istillthinkthatshehasn,ttriedherbest.尽管承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大努力。练习:1. (find)thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.2. (hear)thatshehadjustbeenadmittedtoPekingUniversity,shejumpedwithjoy.3. Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows,(make)airconditioningunnecessary.4. (buy)thiscoat,youcangetthatT-shirtforfree.5. ThevisitorsstoodontopofMountainTai,(enjoy)therisingsun.6. (take)morecare,Istillmadequiteafewmistakes.7. (walk)downthestreet,IcameacrossDavid.8. (think)Iwouldbebusythen,Irefusedtheinvitation.2 .taketo养成的习惯；对产生好感taketo(doing)sth.养成(做)某事的习惯；taketosbsth.对某人/某物产生好感。【拓展】take相关短语takeapart拆开，拆卸；takedown拿下，记下；takeon呈现，雇用，承担；TakeaWay拿走，使消失；takeover接管，接任；takeup拿起，占据，开始从事;takeback收回(说过的话)，退回；takein吸收，收留，欺骗，理解；takeoff脱下，起飞，突然开始成功，休假。练习：1 Janehastakento(get)upearlysincethebeginningofthisterm.2 .Shegaveupsculptureandtookpaintingthebirdsandflowers.3 .Aftermanyyears,hardwork,hiscareerreallytookandhebecameworld-famous.4 .Don,tbetakenbyproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.5 .Someinsectstakethecolouroftheirsurroundingstoprotectthemselves.6.Rogertookwritingeventuallywhichhadbeenadreamsincehischildhood.3.sorin.&vn.种，类allsortsof（=allkindsOf）各种各样的（名词前）；Ofallsorts各种各样的（名词后）；this/thatsortOf这/那种（名词前）；Ofthis/thatsort这/那种（名词后）；Sortof（=kindof）有几分,有点儿（用于动词、形容词、副词之前作状语，表程度）（2）v.将分类，整理sort.into.把分成；SortOUt整理，挑出，解决。练习：1 .（这种）Wetweatherisbadforourknees.2 .Films（那种）havefueledthestudents5loveforthemotherland.3 .Wesaw（各种各样的动物）inthepark.4.1wasfeeling（有点儿累）fromthetriptoNewYork.5.Ifyoudon,tsortthepapersonyourdeskregularly,yourdeskwillbeinamesssoon.6.Rubbishcaneasilybeseparatedandsortedplastics,glassandpaper.7.Sortanyclothesyouwanttothrowawayandgivethemtopeopleinneed.8.Wehadaveryproductivemeeting-Ifeltwesortedalotofproblems.4.typical&t、PiCalIY(l)typicaladj.典型的，有代表性的，不出所料的，特有的；betypicalof.是典型的Itistypicalofsb.todosth.做某事是某人的特点。(2)typicallyadv.典型地，一向如此，通常；练习：l.Itistypicalofhim(take)responsibilityfortheteam.2.Thewomansheactedinthefilmwastypicalthewomeninthe1930s.3.It(typical)takesadayortwo,dependingonsize.5.suffer&SIIfferer&sufferingSllfferV.(身体或精神上)受苦，遭受(痛苦)，遭受(困难)，吃苦头，受损害；SUfferfrOm+宾语，表示“因受苦”,from表示原因；SUfferPain/hardship经历痛苦难；©sufferadefeat/aIossZdamageZpunishment遭受失败/损失/损害/惩罚。(2)SlIfTerern.受苦者，患病者；(3)SIlfreringn.U疼痛；pl痛苦。练习：1 .Shortlyafter(suffer)fromanearthquake,thecitytookonanewlook.2 .Shesufferedloneliness,butshehadtoIeamtolivewithit.3 .Hehashelpedpatients(suffer)fromanxiety,depression,andeatingdisorders.4 .Peoplewho(患头痛)willfindtheygetrelieffromthismedicine.5 .Manyyoungpeople(承受压力)bothfromhomeandwork.6 .Manycountries(损失惨重)inthefinancialcrisis.6.accurdin2to据所说,按照，根据> accordingto用来引出来自他人或他处的消息，不能与me或myOPiniOn连用；> 表示“依我看”可用inmyopiniono练习：1.（据所说）thedoctor,itwilltakehimalongtimetorecoverfromtheinjury.2.Theyarepaid（根据）howlongtheyhavebeenemployed.3.Ifeverything（按计划进行），wewillfinishonschedule.4.（在我看来）,youcanforgetaboutit.eacross偶然遇见，偶然发现【拓展1表示“偶然遇见”的短语：runacross,runinto,meet.bychanceo【拓展2】Come相关短语：ComeabOUt发生，产生（常与how连用）；©comealong（with）（和）一起去；CometO总计为，加起来是；comeback回来，再度流行；ComeOUt出版，发行，（太阳、月亮或星星）出现，（花朵）开放，（消息）为人所知；COmeUP走近，出现，被提到；ComeUPWith想出，想到（主意答案）。练习：1.Shecameanoldfriendofhersyesterdaywhileshewasshoppingatthedepartmentstore.2.It,salready10o,clock.Iwonderhowitcomesthatsheistwohourslateonsuchashorttrip.3.Isthisyournecklace,Mary?IcameitwhenIwascleaningthebathroomthismorning.4.在去博物馆的路上，我碰巧遇到了我的一位老师。Onmywaytothemuseum,Ioneofmyteachers.=Onmywaytothemuseum,Imetoneofmyteachers.8.gather&gathering(Dgatherv聚集，集合，搜集，采集gathertogether聚集起来，合拢；gatherround/around聚集，集合；©gatherin收割，收获；©gatherspeed加快速度(=pickupspeed)o(2)gatheringn.聚集，聚会练习：1 .(gather)aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.2 .Canyouallgather?vegotsomethingtotellyou.3 .DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoften(聚集起来)toshareameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.9remindv.提醒，使想起remindsb.ofsbsth.使某人想起某人媒物；©remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事；©remindsb.that/how.提醒某人；练习：1.Theprogramremindsthereaderstheimportanceofscience.4 .Heremindedme(lock)upthehousewhenIwentout.5 .However,herdadremindedhersugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.6 .(remind)nottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.7 .Pleaseinformusanychangeofaddressassoonaspossible.8 .Whathesaidjustnow（使我想起）thatAmericanprofessor.9 .（提醒我买）somemilktonight.10.PeoplcThcysathat.据说同义式：Itissaidthat.或SbSth.issaidtodosth.【拓展】“It+be+过去分词+that.”句式：it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语ItiSrePortedthat.据报道；©Itisannouncedthat.据宣布；Itisconsideredthat.人们认为；®Itisbelievedthat.人们相信；Itisagreedthat.人们一致认为；Itishopedthat.人们希望；©Itissuggestedthat.有人建议。练习：1 .同义句转换ltissaidthattheYetiisalarge,hairyanimalthatwalksontwofeetlikeahumanbeing.=TheYetialarge,hairyanimalthatwalksontwofeetlikeahumanbeing.©PeoplesaythatheisstudyinginAustraliaasanexchangestudent.=HeinAustraliaasanexchangestudent.2 .（据报道）thephotographerhasfoundedanewstudio.11.feelathomeWith对感到舒适自在，对运用自如feelathome感到舒适自在，不拘束；makesb.feelathome使某人感到宾至如归；makeyourselfathome随便，别拘束（招呼客人时说）；bethehomeof.=behometo.是的产地/栖息地。练习:1.Heisnotthatexperienced,anddoesn'tfeelathomestrangers.2 .TheRockiesarehomebearsandmountainslions.3 .Theydideverythingtheycouldtomakemefeelhome.4.1 beganto(感到舒适自在)inthenewschoolwhenIsawsomefamiliarfaces.5.51 tdownand(别拘束).12.“否定词+比较级”表达最高级含义(1)构成：否定词+形容词或副词的比较级(+than)。(2)常用的否定词：not,no,never,nothing,nobody,hardly等。(3)意义：没有更.的了，再不过了。例：Asastudent,IcantellyouthatthereisnothingbetterthanbeingpraisedbyteachersbeforeCIaSSmateS.作为一个学生，我可以告诉你，没有什么比在同学面前被老师表扬更好的了。练习：1 .Thereisno(great)pleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland,staringatthenightsky.2 .Mr.Blackisveryhappybecausetheclothesmadeinhisfactoryhaveneverbeen(popular)3 .Nobodyis(good)atthisscientificprojectthanhim.4 .没有什么比打败高手更畅快的了。someonewho,splayingwell.5 .我以前从未看过比这更好的电影。Ifilmbefore.6 .他比班上其他任何男生都高。Heistallerthaninhisclass.=Heistallerthaninhisclass.=Heistallerthaninhisclass.13.symboln.象征，标志，符号，记号a/thesymbolof.的象征；a/thesymbolfor的符号。【辨析】symbol,sign,mark,signalsymbol：指作为象征或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物。sign：指代表某种固定意义的符号或标志，也可指某种情况的迹象或征兆。mark：指在其他事物上留下的印痕或先天固有的标记。©signal：指用于传达某些信息的约定俗成的信号。练习：!.WhitehasalwaysbeenasymbolpurityinWesterncultures.2.选词填空:symbol,sign,mark,signallnourclass,whenthebellrangandtheteacherclosedhisbook,itwasaforeveryonetostandup.©Headachesmaybeaofstress.(3)1putainthemargintoremindmetocheckthefigure.Redisaofgoodluckinmanycultures.14。Pinionn.意见，看法inone'sopinion(=inone,sVieW)在某人看来；havehoklanopinion持有某个意见；askforone,sopinion询何某人的意见；©give/expressanopinion提出/表达意见；haveahigh/low/good/badopinionof.对评价高/低/好/差。练习：1 .Who,youropinion,isthebestsoccerplayerintheworldtoday?2 .TheyhaveaveryhighopinionPaula,swork.3 .Theopinionlearningisalifelongprocesshasbeenexpressedbyeducationexpertsthroughouttheyears.4 .（在我看来），Helen（对.评价太高）herownappearance.5 .He（没有发表意见）Onthematter.Unit1SectionB基础练习一、基础短语1.设法弄懂，解决2.害怕做某事3 .有能力做某事4 .对.的介绍5.为.付费6 .训练.做某事7 .拒绝8.餐桌礼仪9.也不例外0.捡起，拿起，举起11.以防万一12.以.开始13 .wheninRome,doastheRomansdo14 .某种.5.强烈推荐16.少量17.把.加到.上18.说服某人做某事二、词性转换（构词法梳理）1.转化法构词.n.（事物的）功能，作用一V.起作用，正常运转。 .n.柄，把手fV.处理，应付。 .v.侵袭，侵蚀fn.损害，伤害。2.派生词构词 .relateV.相联系，有关联adj.有关系的，相关的fn.关系 .addictn.对.着迷的人fadj.对.着迷的n.上瘾.V.不同，不一样，有区别-*adj.不同的，不一样的一n.差别，差异 .slightadj.轻微的，微小的fadv.略微，稍微 .incredibleadj.难以置信的fadv.极端地，非常地 .V.烘，烤，焙一bakeryn.面包店，糕饼店 .V.推荐一n.推荐三、重难点知识及练习1.flmCtk）Iln&v（I）II.（事物的）功能，作用，（某人的）职责perform/fulfilafunction发挥功能，履行职责；（2）v.起作用，正常运转functionas起.作用（不能用于被动语态）；©functionwell/normally运转良好/正常。练习：1 .Comparedtothetraditionalones,theyhavethreenewunique（function）.2 .Wehaveasparebedroomthatalsofunctionsastudy.3 .Despitethepowercuts,thehospitalcontinuedto（正常运作）.4 .Inyournewjobyouwill（履行许多不同的职责).2.related&relate&relation&relative(l)relatedadj.有关系的，相关的berelatedto与有关系/有关联；beclosely/directlyrelatedto与有密切的/直接的关系。(2)relateV.有关联,把联系起来relateto涉及，与相关；©relateAtoB把A与B联系起来。(3)relationn关系，联系inrelationto关于，与木目关(4)IaeIatiVeadj.相对的;n.亲戚(5)relativelyadv.相当地，相对地练习：1 .Hesuffersfrommemoryloss(relate)tohisdisease.2 .Policenowbelievethatthethreecrimescouldbe(relate).3 .Thestudyfoundadirect(relate)betweensmokingandlungcancer.4 .Weneedtoexplainwhytheseissuesareimportantandrelatethemeverydaylife.5 .Lackofexerciseisalsoariskfactorforheartdiseasebutit,s(relative)smallwhencomparedwiththeothers.6 .Thereisnodoubtthatyourdisease(与有关)yourunhealthydiet.3.dietn&v(I)IK日常饮食，节食，规定饮食ahealthy/balanced/poordiet健康的/均衡的/糟糕的饮食beonadiet在节食(强调状态)；goonadiet开始节食(强调动作)；©followadiet按照规定饮食；StiCktoadiet坚持某一种饮食。(2)v.节食，按规定进食练习：1 .Haveyoubeenadiet?You,velostalotofweight.2 .Youwillfeelbetterifyoufollowlow-fatdiet.3 .Tokeepfit,weshouldhave(均衡的饮食)andtakeexerciseeveryday.4.1decidedto(节食)beforemyholiday.5.1 won,thaveanyicecream.I(正在节食).4.不定式作表语省略to的情况当主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略to：当主语部分不含实义动词do时，作表语的不定式须带to。练习：1 .Whatshedidtothematterwas(keep)silent.2 .WhenIwaslittle,myfavouritethingtodowas(go)totheplaygroundandplayontheswings.3 .Intheeveningtheonlythinghedidwas(read)thenewspaper.4 .Nowmydreamis(open)acafe.5 .addict&addicted&addictive&addiction(l)addictn对着迷的人(2)addictedadj.(人)上瘾的，对着迷的be/become/getaddictedto对上瘾沉迷于addictiveadj.(药物等)使人上瘾的，使人入迷的(4)addictionn.瘾，迷，嗜好练习：1.Theyoungguy(沉迷于)surfingtheInternet.2 .Addictedto(play)theviolin,hedidn,tfindastrangerwalkedintohishouse.3 .Thesenutsare(addict)Ican,tstopeatingthem.4 .Smokingisahannfulhabitandmakespeople(addict)oncetheystartdoingit.5 .Hekickedhisthree-pack-a-daysmokinghabit,andovercamehis(addict)toalcohol.6 .customn.风俗，习惯，传统Itisthecustom(forsb.)todosth.(某人)做某事是风俗。其复数形式CUStOmS还可表示“海关"：acustomsofficer海关官员；>customer意为“顾客”【辨析】custom与habitCUStom：指社会的“风俗，习俗"；)habit:指个人的“习惯”。练习：l.Youshouldadaptyourselfto(当地的风俗)whenyougotoanewcountry.1.1 nJapan,(脱掉鞋子是风俗)whenyouenterahouse.3 .ThecelebrationoftheSpringFestivalinChinaisa.4 .Hehasformedagoodofplayingthepianoforanhoursinceanearlyage.7.manner(l)mannersn.复数表示：礼貌，礼仪；havegood/badmanners有/没有礼貌；mindone,smanners注意礼貌。(2)mannern.单数表示：方式，方法，举止，态度；ina.manner以方式练习:l.It,sconsideredgood（manner）insomesocietytoleavealittlefoodonyourplate.2.Themannerwhichthedecisionwasannouncedwasextremelyregrettable.1.1 workedoutthemathsproblemadifferentmethod.4 .Hismothertaughthimtoalways（注意礼貌）withhiselders.5 .maprofessionalandIhavetoconductmyself（以专业方式）.8inCaSe（=iustinCaSe）（1）以防万一（引导目的状语从句）；（2汝口果，假如（引导条件状语从句）；【注意】：incase后常接一般现在时、一般过去时或ShoUId。【拓展】incase相关短语：（Dincaseofsth.要是在的时候（尤用于官方告示）；inanycase无论如何，不管怎样；inmostcases多数情况下；inthis/thatcase既然这样/那样，如果这样/那样的话；innocase决不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）；asisoftenthecase（with）（对）是常有的事。练习：1.1 hadasnack（以防）therewasnotimetoeatlater.2.（如果发生）anemergency,breaktheglassandpressthebutton.1.1 can,tunderstandwhyIcouldn,tdoit.（不管怎样），mgoingtotryit.4. （我们决不应阻止）thestudentsfromexploringnewideas.5. Takeanumbrellawithyou,incaseit(rain).6. isoftenthecasewitholdpeople,mygrandfatherisfondoftalkingaboutgoodolddays.9.trickn.&v(l)n.诀窍，技巧，技法，恶作剧，诡计PIayatriCk/tricksonsb.捉弄某人；(2)v.欺骗，诱骗，哄骗tricksb.into(doing)sth.欺骗某人(做)某事；tricksb.outofsth.从某人处骗走某物。【拓展】其他表示“取笑，嘲笑，捉弄”的短语：PIayajoke/jokesonsb.开某人的玩笑；IaUghatsb.嘲笑某人；makefunofsb.取笑某人。练习：1 .Thetrickis(pick)theanimalupbythebackofitsneck.2 .ChildrenliketoplaytrickseachotheronAprilFool,sDay.3 .Theyoungmanclaimedhewastrickedinto(carry)loadsforhiscolleague.4 .Theoldwoman(trick)outofherlifesaving.5 .mafraidtheotherkidswilllaughmebecauseIdon,tunderstand.6 .Heplayedajokemebypretendinghe'dlostthetickets.l().handlen.&v.(l)n.柄，把手(2)v.处理，应付(=dealwith)handlestress调节压力；handledifficultcustomers应付苛刻的顾客。练习：1.Wehavetheconfidenceandtheability(handle)thisimportantmatterwell.7 .Mostcustomersweresatisfiedwiththewaytheircomplaints(handle).8 .Totellthetruth,Idon,tknowifIcan(处理好这件事).ILdiffer&different&difference(l)differv.不同，不一样，有区别；(意见)有分歧；©differin在方面不同；differfrom与不同；differwithsb.about/on/oversth.与某人在某事上持不同意见。(2)difTerentadj.不同的bedifferentfrom与不同；bedifferentin在方面不同。(3)differencen.不同练习：1 .Leavesarefoundonallkindsoftrees,buttheydiffergreatlysizeandshape.2 .Thetwostudentsdifferoneanothertheirabilitytohandlestress.3 .Itisnotaneasythingtoteamupwiththosewhodifferyouonit.4.Themedicalopinion(differ)astohowtotreatthedisease.12.slighth&SIiRht(I)Slightlyadv.略微，稍微(2)slightadj.轻微的，略微的notintheslightest毫不，一点也不练习：1 .Fortunately,thebabywas(slight)injuredinthecaraccident.2 .Hisfamilythenmovedtoaslightly(large)house.3 .-Didhemindlendingyouthecar?-.(一点都不)13.recommendv.推荐，介绍，劝告，建议©recommendsth.tosb.向某人推荐某物；©recommendsb.for.推荐某人做(某职位)；recommenddoingsth.建议做某事；©recommendthatsb.(should)dosth.=recommendsb.todosth.建议某人做某事;(5)It,srecommendedthat.(should)do.建议。练习：1.Irecommendthisbookanyonewithaninterestinchemistry.2.Shewasrecommendedthepostbyacolleague.3.1wouldstronglyrecommend(buy)abicycleofhighqualityratherthanacheapone.4.DuringhisstayinXi,an,Jerrytriedalmostallthelocalfoodshisfriends(recommend).5.1boughtthisalbumafterafriend(向我推荐它).6.Itisstronglyrecommendedthatthemachines(每年检查一次)。14.attackv.&n(l)v.侵袭，侵蚀，袭击，攻击，抨击attacksb.withsth.用某物袭击某人；attacksb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而抨击某人。(2)IK损害，伤害，袭击，攻击，抨击，(疾病的)发作anattackon对的袭击/攻击/抨击；IaUnCh/makeanattack发起/进行攻击;(3)becomeunderattack遭到攻击/抨击。练习：1.Thewitn