小升初语法专题-代词12页.docx

小升初语法讲义-代词知识点梳理代词的分类及用法教学重点代词的类别以及用法教学难点代词的运用代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词等等。一、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称，分为主格和宾格两种形式。人称我你他她它我们你们他（它）们主格IyouhesheitWeyouthey宾格meyouhimheritUSyouthem1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。1.oftengoshoppingonSUndayS.（星期天我常去购物）Are蚂fromBrazil?（他们是巴西人吗？）That'sUJ就那么同事）2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。WhoteachesyouEnglishthisyear?（今年谁教你们的英语？）HelP曜!（救救我！）3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词Ihan或as之后时，可以用主格形式，也可以用宾格形式，口语中大多用宾格。-Whoisit?（是谁?）-It's3.（是我。）4、三个不同人称同时出现，或者主语中包含“我”时，按照“youheI”的顺序表达。Bothheandj_areworkingatthatcomputerComPany.（我和他都在那家电脑公司上班）-Whowillgothere?（谁要去那儿？）-Youandme.（你和我）5、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外，还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义，此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用，替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如：-Whafstheweatherliketoday?（今天天气怎样？）It,sfine.（天气晴好）-Whafsthetime?（几点啦？）TrS12：00.（12点）IttookhimthreedaystoCleanhishouse.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间)WefoundjtverydifficultloIearnaforeignIangUageWelL(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)【典例精析】feelshappyeveryday.A.HeB.himC.his【答案】A【解析】此题选择人称代词he,此处缺的是主语，所以选择he。【典例精析】Weoftenwritelettersto.A.sheB.her【答案】B【解析】此处应该选择宾格，所以选择her.随堂小练习1用人称代词填空1.ismyaunt.Weoftenvisit.(she)3. Thesenewhousesaresonice.areveryexpensive.(them)4. 1.ingLingisagirl.studiesinaprimaryschool.(she)二、物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词，分为形容词性和名词性两种。人称我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语，不能单独使用，后面要跟名词。ISthat更Umbrena?（那是你的伞吗？）IoftengotoseemyauntonSUndayS.（我经常在星期天去看望阿姨）Theyaretheirbooks.（是他们的书）2、名词性物主代词相当于名词，既代替事物又表明所属关系，在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语，后面不可以跟名词。相当于形容词性物主代词加名词。Thisisyourcup.butwhereismine?（这是你的杯子.可我的在哪儿？）Yourclassroomisverybig,butoursisratherSmalL（你们的教室很大，我们的相当小）3、“of+名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格，作定语时放在名词的后面。如：Afriendofminecametoseemeyesterday.（我的一个朋友昨天来看我了）（指若干朋友中有一个来看我。）试比较Myfriendcametoseemeyesterday.（我的朋友昨天来看我了）（指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。【典例精析】Thisisn,tpencilcase.Ileftathome.A.my,mineB.me,myC.I,myD.my,myself【答案】A【解析】根据句意可知这不是我的笔，我落下了我的在家，所以第一空选择形容词性物主代词my,后一空选择名词性物主代词mine.随堂小练习2用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空1. Georgehaslost(his)pen.AskMaryif(是否)shewilllendhim.(she)2. Theteacherwantsyoutoreturnthatbookof(he)3. Mr.andMrs.Greenandafriendofarecomingtoseeus.(they)4.WearegoingtoParistostaywithaFrenchfriendof.（we）三、反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。人称和数单数复数第一人称myself我自己ourselves我们自己第二人称yourself你自己yourselves你们自己第三人称himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己themselves（它们自己，他们自己，她们自己）1 .反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射（指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身），指的是宾语和主语为同一个事物或同一些人或事物。2 .Don,tplaywiththeknife,youmighthurtyourself.（不要玩刀子，那会割伤你的）3 .在句子中作同位语表示强调（即用来强调名词或代词的语气）。如：Thestoryitselfisgood.Onlyhedidn,ttellitwell.（故事本身是好的，只是他没有讲好）【典例精析】Mariaboughtascarf.A.sheB.herC.hersD.herself【答案】D【解析】此题反身代词做宾语，指的是宾语和主语为同一个事物或同一些人或事物。随堂小练习31.Thosegirlsenjoyedinthepartylastnight.A.themB.theyC.themselvesD.herself2.Help.tosomefish,children.A.yourselfB.yourC.yoursD.yourselves3.Thefilm_isveryfun.A.it,sB.itselfC.itD.its4. -Whoteachesmath?-Iteach.A.your,myselfB.you,myselfC.you,meD.you,herself四、指示代词：指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。单数复数含义this（这个）these（这些）指较近的人和物IhaK那个）ChOSe(那些)指较远的人和物same（同样的人/物）指和上文提过的相同的人和物it（这人/这物）指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语，也可以作定语修饰名词。如：LWharS龙也?（这是什么？）2. ThalmodelplaneismadeofPlaSliC.（那只模型飞机是塑料做的）（被动句）3. Dothesameastheteachertellsyou.（按老师说的做）4. Whois过?（是谁?）-TLsme!（是我!）【典例精析】WhatisinEnglish?It'sapen.A.thisB.theseC.thoseD.same【答案】A【解析】根据问句is和答句ifs可知为所填的选项为单数，所以应该选择A,句意为用英语说这是什么，这是一支笔。随堂小练习4()1.penisred.pencilisgreen.A.this,thatB.These,ThoseC.That,ThoseD.This,That()2.Isapandaoverthere?A.thisB.thatC.thoseD.these()3.twogirlsareMaryandLinda.A.ThisB.TheyC.ThatD.Those()4.isMr.Whiteandismyfather.A.This,thoseB.That,theseC.These,theseD.This,this五、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词主要有some,any,many,much,each,other,another,alkboth,one,（a）few,（a）little可数one,each,many,both,another,(a)few不可数much,(a)little可数/不可数one,any,other,all,someall：指三者或三者以上的所有，可以作形容词修饰名词复数，后可接Of介词短语。both：指“两者都”，可以作形容词修饰名词复数；后可接Of介词短语。each：“每一个“，一般指两者中的每一个，也可指许多中的每一个；可以作形容词修饰名词单数；后可接Of介词短语。（I）SOme和any的用法：Some一般用于肯定句中，意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词IhaveSOmeworktodotoday.（今天我有些事情要做）Theywillgotheresomeday.（他们有朝一日会去那儿）some用于疑问句时，表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。WouldyoulikeSOmecoffeewithSUgaI?（你要加糖的咖啡吗？）any一般用于疑问句或否定句中，意思是“任何一些”、"任何一个“，作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。Theydidn'thaveanyfriendshere.（他们在这里没有朋友）Haveyougotanyquestionstoask?（你有问题要问吗？）any用于肯定句时，意思是“任何的Comeherewithanyfriend.（随便带什么朋友来吧。）（2）all和both的用法:all指三者或三者以上的人或物，用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。both指两个人或物，用来代替或修饰可数名词。a11和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。IknowallofthefourBritishstudentsintheirSChoOL（他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识）-（你要这个还是那个？两个都要。）all和both既可以修饰名词（allb<nh+（the）+名词），也可以独立使用，采用“all/both+ofthe+名词（复数户的形式，其中的Of可以省略。All（of）（the）boysarenaughty.（是男孩都调皮）（3）every和each用法：every是形容词，只能作定语修饰单数名词，意思是“每一个“，表示整体概念；each是形容词、代词，可用作主语、宾语、定语等，意思是“每个”或者“各个”，表示单个概念;each可以放在名词前，可以后跟Of短语，与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前every和each都用作单数理解，但是下文中既可以用单数的代词（如he/him/his）也可以用复数的代词（如they/them/their）替代。EVerVoneofthestudentsinhisclassstudiesVeryhard.（他班上每个学生学习都很用功）（4）many和much的用法：many意思是“很多”，与可数名词复数连用；much意思是“很多”，与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。Idon'thavemanyfriendshere.（在这里我没有很多的朋友。）Manydiedinthebusaccident.（许多人在公交车祸中丧失）WecanIeammuchwiththehelpOfhim.（在他的帮助之下我们能学到很多）many和much一般用于否定句，肯定句中通常用alotof或者lotsof;many/much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、Very或too.如：TherearealotofpeopleonthePlaygrOUnd.（操场上有许多的人）Therearetoomanypeopleintheroom.（房间里人太多了。）（5）few>little>afew>alittle的用法:few、IiIUe意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”，有否定的意思,afew、aIime意思是“有几个”、“有些”，有肯定的意思、；few.afew与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物,liule、alittle与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：Don'tworry.ThereisstiIlgIiI返IimeIefl.（别着急，还有一点儿时间呢。）InthatpolarregiontherelivefewPeOPle.（在那个极地地区几乎不住人）Youcangetafewsweetsfromhim.（你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果）【典例精析】TheEnglishnovelisquiteeasyforyou.Therearenewwordsinit.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.fewr答案】d【解析】IiHIe,alittle修饰或代替不可数名词；few,afew修饰或代替可数名词复数。few,little一般表示否定意义；afew,alittle表示肯定意义。应选D。【典例精析】Whenshallwemeetagain?Makeitdayyoulike.It,sallthesametome.A.oneB.anyC.anotherD.all【答案】B【解析】根据句意。Any表示任何一个，根据句意可知任何一天都是可以见面的，所以选择B。随堂小练习51.Thereisn,tjuiceinmyclass.CanIhave,please?A.some;anyB.any;manyC.any;some2. Doyouhavebrotherssisters?A.any;orB.some;and3. Heisveryooorandhehasmoney.C.some;orA.littleB.alittleC.few翻译句子大家都到了，让我们开始吧.你要这个还是那个？两个都要。.他们很忙，人人都有事情要做。.许多的人认为时间就是金钱。.六、疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。1>who、whom、whose、whatWhiCh主要用于特殊疑问句中，一般放在句首。口语中也常用WhO代替whom作宾语，但在介词后则只能用whom。Whp（m）didyouinvitetoyourbirthdayPany?（你都邀请了谁参加你的生日聚会的？）Whatdoesshewanttobewhenshegrowsup?（她长大了想干什么？）2、who和whom只能独立使用，其中who可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语,WhOm只能作谓语动词的宾语；而WhaI、whichWhoSe等既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾语，也可以与名词构成疑问短语。Whoisthatman?（那男的是谁？）WhatCOIOraretheirhats?（他们的帽子是什么颜色？）WhiChCarwasmadeinGennany?（哪辆车是德国造的？）（被动句）注意这个提问：ThemanintheCarismyfather.（车里的男人是我父亲）Whichmanisyourfather?（哪个男人是你的父亲？）3、WhiCh除了可以询问指代的情况之外，还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况等进行提问。-Whichpeopleliveasadlife?（哪些人生活凄惨？）-Whichhotelhaveyoubookedforyourholiday?（为了度假你预订了哪家旅馆？）4、疑问代词不分单复数，视它所替代的人或事物决定单复数，但是通常用单数;如果修饰名词，则以名词的单复数为准。Whois（are）inthatPIayhOuse?（谁在游戏房里？）Whatisthat?（那是什么？）/Whatarethose?（那些是什么？）【典例精析】colorsdotheyhave?（它们有哪些颜色？）A.whatB.whoC.whichr答案】Ao【解析】根据句意应该是他们有什么颜色，所以选择A。随堂小练习61. isstandingthere?Mr.Zhang.A.WhatB.WhomC.Who2. wouldyouliketogoShOPPing（购物）with?A.WhichB.WhomC.WhatD.Where3. 一isyoure-mailaddress?It,sxinxin.A.WhoB.HowC.WhatD.Which4. A:一doesyourbrotherdo?B:一Heisabusdriver.A.WhereB.WhyC.WhatD.How5. -A：一canIdoforyou?B:-Iwouldlikeacupoftea.A.WhatB.HowC.WhichD.Who随堂小练习参考答案1.ShehertheyShe2.hishershistheirsours3.CDBB4.DBDD5. CAAEveryoneishere.Let'begin.Wouldyoulikethisoneorthatone?-Both.TheyareVerybusy.Eachofthemhassomethingtodo.Alotofpeoplethinkthattimeismoney.6. CBCCA专题过关一、用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空1 .(我)amateacher.2 .Myfatheristalkingwith(她).3 .(他)oftenplaysbasketballafterschool.4 .(我们)buyapairofshoesfor(他)5 .PleasePaSS(我们)theball.二、用括号中的适当形式填空1. Arethese(you)pencils?Yes,theyare(our).2. Whoseisthispencil?It,s(I).1.1 love(they)verymuch.4. Sheis(I)classmate.5. MissLioftenlooksafter(she)brother.6. 一Arethese(they)bags?No,thebagsaren,t(their).7. Thebagsare(we).三、用适当的代词填空。1. Isthatcaryours?-Yes,is.2. 一HowisMr.Li?-isfine,thanks.3. Putonhat,Jim!OK,mum.Iamgoingtoputon.4. 一Whoisoverhere?一It,sournewteacher.5. 一Aretheseyourphotos?-No,aren,t.areMike,s.6. -Lookhere!What,sinEnglish?一isaneraser.7. 1.ook,isroombeautiful?Ipaintedmyself.8. 一Isthisyourbackpack?-No,isn,t.ishers.9. Whatarejobs?一Theyaredoctors.10. 一Arechildrenoverthereyourcousins?-Yes,are.四、阅读理解1.anceArmstrong,aworld-famouscyclist,wasalreadyaprofessionalathleteattheageof16,takingpartincoursesoflongdistanceswims,bikeridesandruns.Inhishighschoolyears»Lancedecidedtotraincycling.Withinafewyearshewasamemberofthe1992U.S.OlympicTeam.Overthenextyears,hewentontowinmanycyclingracesworldwide.InOctober1996>shortlyafterCompeling(参力口比赛)inhissecondOlympicGames,Lancewasfacedwiththeworstnews.Medicaltestsshowedthathehadacancer.Doctorstoldhimthatheonlyhada40%chancetolive.Withtwooperations,Lancewasnotsurethathewouldeverrideabicycleagain.Luckily,theoperationsandtreatmentsweregreatlysuccessful.InFebruary1997,thedoctorsannounced(宣布)thatLancewasahealthymanagain.JustfivemonthsafterthetreatmentstArmstrongwasbackdoingwhatheloved-cycling.Hebeganastricttrainingtimetablewithhopesofacomeback.Hisgoalwastocompeteinthe1999TourdeFrance,whichisthoughttobetheworld,shardestbicycleracea23-daycyclingcompetitionthroughthemountainsandfieldsofFrance.1.ancewentontowintheTburdeFranceforfiveyears.Thisisthoughttobethegreatestachievementsinsportshistory.Hissuccessisnotjustaboutcyclingraces,butwinningatlifeitself.（）1.Lanceisaaccordingtothepassage.A. teacherB.doctorC.coachD.sportsman（）2.Therightorderofthefollowingis.Lancebecamehealthyagainaftertreatments.（三）LancecompetedinhissecondOlympicGames.（3）LancebeganastricttrainingtimetableforTourdeFrance.Lancebecameamemberofthe1992U.S.OlympicTeam.A.B.®®C.D.（）3.Fromthepassage,weknowthatLanceisa（n）man.A.helpfulB.strongC.honestD.friendly（）4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Nevergiveup.B. Seeingisbelieving.C. 1.oveme,lovemydog.D. Practicemakesperfect.五、词汇运用A.根据内容和括号内所给汉语意思，写出空白处各单词的正确形式（每空一词）。TreasureIslandisafamousstory.Thel（英雄），JimHawkins,findsCaptainFlint,smap.CaptainFlintwasapirateandhadlotsofgold.He2（隐藏）hisgoldbeforehedied,andthereisacrossonthemaptoshowwherethegoldis.ItisonanislandintheCaribbeanSea.Jimandhisfriendsbuyaship,getsomemenandgototheislandtolookforthegold.Theyse0（航行）bulthentheydiscoverthatLongJohnSilver,thecook,andtheothermenontheshipareallpirates.Thepiratesare4（i+J）tokillthem.Assoonastheygettotheisland,Jimandhisfriendsfightthepirates.Thepiratesdonotkillthem,buttakethemap.Thepiratesgotolookforthegold,andJimfollowsthem.Theyfindtheplacebutthegoldisnottlere.5（后来），JimknowsitisbecauseofBenGunn.JimmeetsBenGunnontheislandandhetellsJimandhisfriendshisstoryHetellsthemhewasapirate,afriendofCaptainFlint.Hehasnowdecidednottobeapirate.BenGunnfoundthegoldsometimebefore.Heagreesto（分享）withJimandhisfriendsbecausetheywilltakehimbacktoEngland.WhenJimandhisfriendsleavetheisland,Bengoeswiththem.Allofthepirateshavetostayontheisland2（除之外）LongJohnSilver.8（虽然）heisalsoapirate,hehelpsJimandhisfriends.Ontheirwayhome,theystopinAmericaforag（整个）night.Silverhas1Q（不见了），andhehastakensomeofthegold.WhentheygetbacktoEngland,Jimdecidesnevertogolookingforgoldagain.六、完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Recently,areaderaskedmeaboutthedangersthatpetscanfacearoundthehouse.So,Ivisitedmylocalanimal1lastweekendandgotsomeadvicetoshareabouthowwecanmakeourhomes2forourpets.WhenIarrived,severalpetsandtheir3wereinthewaitingroom.Mr.Smith,withacat,chattedwithme."Mycatwillbe4foranuncomfortablestomachinaminute,“hesaid.uMychildrengave5abowlofmilk.However,ifsheisgivenmilk,shewillgetastomachache.,Justthen,thevet（兽医）walkedovertous.ttYes,Mr.Smithis6.Onlyafewpeopleknowthis.Infact,milkmustn,tbefedtocats7somecatscan'ttakeitineasily,thevetsaid.4Otherhumanfoodsarebadforpets8.Forexample,ifadogeatschocolate,itwillbecome9.mIaskedthevetwhatotherJOthereareforpetsaroundthehouse.uWel1,shereplied,uweshouldnotUsmallthings,suchasbatteries（电池）,lyingaroundastheycanbeeatenbypets.Lastmonth,asmallcatwasbrought12becauseithadeatenabutton（纽扣）whichwasonthefloorwithoutbeingnoticed!”BeforeIleft,thevet13mesomemoreimportantadvicetosharewithyou:Youshouldkeepallmedicineandcleaningproductawayfrompets.Also,pets,suchascatsanddogs,sometimeswill_4theirhairiftheyareunwell.Ifyourpetlooksunwellorisactingunusual,youshould15yourvetatonce.Followtheadviceandyoucankeepyourpetssafe.1.A.schoolB.hospitalC.marketD.museum2.A.warmB.safeC.cleanD.beautiful3.A.ownersB.visitorsC.teachersD.actors4.A.paidB.chosenC.treatedD.returned5.A.itB.meC.himD.her6.A.friendlyB.healthyC.goodD.right7.A.untilB.thoughC.whileD.because8.A.aswellB.sofarC.asusualD.justnow9.A.brownB.sickC.smartD.comfortable10.A.secretsB.changesC.dangersD.mistakes11.A.buyB.useC.leaveD.collect12.A.inB.offC.onD.down13.A.offeredB.postedC.wastedD.accepted14.A.colorB.keepC.loseD.sell15.A.pointtoB.ringupC.hearfromD.lookafter单元过关答案、1.1 2.her3.He4.we;him5.us二、1. your;ours2.mine3.them4.my5.her6.their7.theirs;ours三、2. it2.He3.your;it4.that5.they;they6.this;it,s7.this;it8.it;It9.their10.those;they四、1.D根据文章第一行“cyclist”可知3. C通过仔细阅读可知正确的动作发生时间4. B理解全文可知他是一个“强壮的”人5. A理解全文可知是“绝不放弃”之意五、1. hero2. hid由died可知应用过去式3. sail4. planning由are可知此处表示现在进行时5. 1.ater6. share由to可知此处用动词原形7. except8. Although9. whole10. disappeared/gonefthas可知此处用完成时六、1-5BBACD6-10DDABC11-15CAACB