B相机的光學.docx
相机的光季1.景深,焦深.籍机BDz物距Dl像距ilLa:人眼能辨蚂之雨;ftR5最小之圆籍ILIa:人眼能辨蚂之雨；ft最小之圆景深:>生籍IL圆之像平面，前径距离耦悬焦黠深度，即景深之意公式：景深=FNo*籍IL圆直参考：罩眼LENS0.035MM中级机LENS0.05-0.08MM低级机LENS0.09MM球面收差（与银;解像力有Bl）平行光透遇后，辗法完全集中在同一黠，其前接之差解像力：每mm内所能分辨出的脩敦（本mm）公式:R=6P6=（D-2f）f=物房/像晨之倍率）P=之距雕D二物距f=焦黠公式：l/f=l/Do（物）+lD（*）先的屈折现象:公式:FNO=f/D=S/LFNO:表示光圈值f.s:焦黠距雕D.L:有效口序列表示：11.422.845.68111622-2nz2(n=0.L2.3.4.5.6,)FNO/f/D/孝寸照表1341341.424.291.522.672172172.812.142.513.648.5311.335.66.073.59.7184.2548.5113.094.57.56162.1356.8221.555.56.1832L0668AV/Fno封照表一101.40.97一1L4122222.82.9732.8344一445.64.9755.668668116.92711.31168816228.92922.633210一1264AV:表示口值公式:FiIO=(AV/2)2Fno2=AV2AV=L0G(Fno)L0G(2)*2快F号速度（T）：集片放畴（一般表示：2.4815.-序列表示：1/2（秒）,1/4.1/8.1/16.1/32*l2n（n=0123456）TV/T封照表18-31-3824一22-2432T3-124140151/21511/261/42621/471/83731/881/164841/1691/325951/32101/200010.971061/2048公式:1/T=TV2TV=LOG(1T)LOG(2)貌明：T表示快月号速度值TV表示畤值（TlMEVALUE）辉度与照度辉度(B):任何物体表面反射光之强度(罩位:cd/D?)照度(E):物体接受光源照射之光强度(罩位:LUX)BV:被搦物体辉度值EV:曝光值BV/B封照表05.6617.785.660111.3235.5611.321222.6471.1322.642345.28142.2545.283490.56284.5090.5645181.12569.01181.1256362.241138.01362.2467724.482276.02724.48781448.964552.041448.96892897.929104.082897.929105795.8418208.175795.8410公式:E=TrB4F2（:模;光之透谩率）B=5.66*BV2B=(EV2*K*10.764)SBV=LOG(B5.66)LOG(2)1.UX=B*BNK=BV2(N=O.3)EV/LUXS/B封照表54.4814.070.440.14068.9628.130.880.281717.9156.271.760.562835.82112.543.521.123971.65225.087.032.24410143.29450.1614.074.48511286.58900.3228.138.95612573.161800.6456.2717.917131146.323601.28112.5435.828142292.657202.56225.0871.659154585.2914405.12450.16143.2910公式:EV=LoG(LUX*S)(K*10.764*r)L0G(2)EV=Fno2T像面光量（三）:撮影畴集片(快之瞬况敕片面上罩位面稹所接受到之光量公式:H=E*TSV/ISO封照表03301661212122324243448504.065961005.0661922006.0673844007.0687688008.069153616009.06103072320010.06公式：IS0=3*SV2=25*(SV-3)2SV=LOG(IS03)L0G(2)NS=SV2(N=0.3)明：SV:表示感度值ISO:表示软片感光窥敏度(序列表示：2532405064801001251602003200)25*2n73(n=01234567)1.l町/D/5/Gd/e封照表0.270.270.060.060.3050.3053.60.2480.362.4871.41410.3213.00.2980.273.3061.6451.60.5630.184.9431.9701.80.4970.204.452L8872.00.4440.224.0501.8112.20.4020.243.7151.7412.40.3670.263.4321.67682.70.3380.283.189L616119.7102.90.3130.302.9781.56032.7533.10.2910.322.7941.50818.9833.30.2720.342.6311.45913,369貌明:Fno:n#F:镀焦距（罩位：iDm）Di:像距（罩位:IDm）灰：物距（罩位:m）1.:LIFT量（罩位:nIm）:籍普118（罩位:iDm）e:焦深（罩位:iiIm）Gd:景深（罩位:nInI）公式：e=5*FnoGd=（ef2）*10001.=f2（D2*1000-f）D=f+LD2=（F2+FL）LD2-n=l（lD2+Gd-n）lf=lD1+lD2G.NO/Fno/D照表FnoAVlD（M）O4.54.342T3.183.342.83-22.252.344-31.591.345.66-41.130.348-50.8-0.6611.3116.365.341.41296.341312.737.340.714188.340.5525.469.340.35明：G.NO表示阳光燎指数Fno表示光圈值D表示被播物体与光燎之距雕公式：GNO=Fno*DGN/F封照表09.005-1.70.29.656-1.170.410.347-0.730.611.088-0.340.811.8890-0.28.4100.3-0.47.83H0.58-0.67.31120.83-0.86.82131-16.36141.27-1.25.94151.47t明：GNl表示洌J就值GN2表示公耦值公式:F=LoG(GNIGN2)2LOG(2)GN=<(F*LOG2)>°+LOG(GN2)GN1=GN2*2f72解像力/PITCHJ照表34.0015.094.1155.8160.2164.6169.162.706103.882106.824109.765112.7062.203.603.703.803.901C5631041071101130.631D3991651691741792.5119B325414344452.2387B428464849501C5631041071101130.8913C6701171201231260.631D3991651691741790.5623D41121851901952000.2512E52504144254374490.2239E6280464477490503解像力：每mm内所能分辨出的脩敦（本mm）公式:R=6PB=（D-2f）f=物晨/像晨（镁;之倍率）P=之距蹄D二物距f=焦黠公式：£=D-2ff=（物距/像距）-1解像力笈£1让11(本/111111)lift=f2(D*1000-f)Chart距雄(Cln)=像高*£/10物距=距雕-(f+lift)像距=f+liftCOLLIMATOR移勤量封照表o490.3530. 32560. 34600. 36630. 38670.4700.42740.44770.4681貌明：A:移勤量0. 2512450. 2569|460.2626k0. 2683480.2740490.2797500.2854k0.2911520.2968|530.3026B:刻划敷f:线:焦黠距雕fl:准直倭(ColIinIator)之焦黠距雕公式:A=(ffiy*B视度封照表-L5-0.6670.15-6.67-2.0-0.50.05-20.0-2.5-0.40.0520.0-3.0-0.3330.156.67-3.5-0.2860.254.00.520.352.861.010.452.221.50.6670.551.822.00.50.651.542.50.40.751.33明：D(dioptyie)屈光度F(finderIelIS)焦Jtt距雌近视用视度整IenS(一):-1.5-2.0-2.5遗视用视度耨整IeilS(+):00.51.01.5公式:D=lf视野率/视差封照表24.136.82.554.685.914.8670%70.7%-4.4%1.4%24.236.93.04.846.395.567.5%67.8%-3.3%1.2X24.136.83.23.04.855.374.3%72.4%0.4%-0.6%24.136.83.52.754.65.474.1%72.8%1.6%-LlX以上卷#135软片重面寸法公式：视野率上下二(A-(al+a2)A*100%左右二(B-(bl+b2)B*100%视差上下二(al-a2)2)A*100%左右二(bl-b2)2)B*100%貌明：1.上下”+”表示偏下，”-“表示偏上2.左右：“+”表示偏右，”“表示偏左名RI：LLT:LOWLIGHTTEST低辉度冽LV:LIGHTVALUE光源值SV:FILMSPEEDVALUE软片感度值TV:EXPOSURETIMEVALUE曝光畤值BV:subjectIuminanlevalue被撮物体耀度值AV:apatuyevalue光圈值EV:EXPOSUREVALUE曝光值CD:CANDLE蟠光公式：LV=BV+SVEV=LV（适正曝光）1LUX=3.14*CDZM2ILUX=O.439*21，A（光圈放面稹）=1/4*D2=14*Tr*（fF）2H（软片所需之光量尸
