美国名人 罗伯特·弗罗斯特（1）.docx

美国名人罗伯特弗罗斯特(1)RobertFrost,Pt.1playstopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByRichardThorman2004-1-31(THEME)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmRichKleinfeldtwiththeSpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleinAmerica.Today,webeginthestoryoftwentiethcenturypoetRobertFrost.(THEME)VOICEONE:Innineteen-si×ty-onezJohnKennedywassworninaspresidentoftheUnitedStates.HeaskedoneofAmerica'sbest-knownwriterstoreadapoem.RobertFroststoodinthecoldsunlightthatday,hiswhitehairblowinginthewind.Hereadthesewordsfromhispoemz"TheGiftOutright":NARRATOR:Thelandwasoursbeforeweweretheland's.ShewasourlandmorethanahundredyearsBeforewewereherpeople.ShewasoursInMassachusetts,inVirginia,ButwewereEngland's,stillcolonials,Possessingwhatwestillwereunpossessedby,Possessedbywhatwenownomorepossessed.SomethingwewerewithholdingmadeusweakUntilwefoundoutthatitwasourselvesWewerewithholdingfromourlandofliving,Andforthwithfoundsalvationinsurrender.Suchaswewerewegaveourselvesoutright(Thedeedofgiftwasmanydeedsofwar)Tothelandvaguelyrealizingwestward,Butstillunstoriedzartless,unenhanced,Suchasshewas,suchasshewouldbecome.(MUSICBRIDGE)VOICETWO:RobertFrostwasoneofAmerica'sbestknownandmosthonoredseriouswriters.Buthisfamecamelateinhislife.HewasfortyyearsoldbeforeAmericansbegantoreadhispoemsandpraisethem.Oncehisfamewasestablished,however,itgrewstrongerandstrongerduringtherestofhislonglife.HissuccesscamefromunitingtraditionalformsofpoetrywithAmericanwords,spokeninaclearlyAmericanway.VOICEONE:Frostusedthesamespeakerformanypoems,sotheseparatepoemsformedalargerunity.Hecreatedthisspeakercarefully.Hefeltthathisreaderswouldbelievehispoemsifheputthewordsintothemouthofawisepersonwholivedinthecountry,notthecity.ManypeoplethoughtthespeakerwasFrosthimself.Infactzthespeakerwasanimaginaryperson.Frost,theman,triedtobecometheimaginarypersonhecreatedforhispoetry.VOICETWO:RobertFrostisalwayslinkedtothelandofcoldwintersinthenortheasternUnitedStates,theareacalledNewEngland.Yethecamefromtheothersideofthecountry,SanFrancisco,California.Hewasbornthereineighteen-seventy-four.HelivedinCaliforniaduringhisearlychildhood.ThismanwhowasbornintheWestandbecamelinkedwithNewEnglandwasnamedforthechiefsoutherngeneralinAmerica'sCivilWar.Thegeneral'snamewasRobertEdwardLee.ThepoetwasnamedRobertLeeFrostzbecausehisfatherwantedtohonorthegeneral.SomeoneonceaskedanotherAmericanwriter,ErnestHemingwayzhowtobecomeawriter.Thebestthing,hesaid,wastohaveanunhappychildhood.IfthisistruezRobertFrost'schildhoodwasunhappyenoughtomakehimaverygoodwriter.(MUSICBRIDGE)VOICEONE:RobertFrost'sfatherwasareporterwhowantedtobeapolitician.Heoftendranktoomuchalcoholandbecameangry.Robertwasthevictimofhisanger.Hewaselevenwhenhisfatherdied.Hismothertriedtoprotecthimfromhisfather'sanger.Somepeoplethinksheprotectedhimtoomuch.Asachild,Robertwasafraidofthedark.Allhislifehesufferedfromimaginarysicknesses.VOICETWO:Frost'smotherwasfromNewEngland.Afterherhusbanddied,shemovedbackthere.Shesupportedherchildrenbyteachingschool.Yetshegotmoreenjoymentfromreadingandwritingpoetry.Frostfinishedhighschoolineighteen-ninety-one.HeandagirlzElinorWhite,hadthebestrecordofthestudentsgraduatingthatyear.HemarriedElinorthreeyearslater.Sherejectedhimatfirst,butfinallyagreedtomarryhim.Thisrejectionledtoalackoftrustintheirmarriage.ItmadeFrostsaythis:"Icouldloseeverythingandnotbesurprised."VOICEONE:Afterhighschool,Frost'sgrandfatherofferedtopayhiscostsatDartmouthCollege.Frostlefttheschoolafterafewmonths.Hedidnotlikeit.Hespentthenextfewyearsworkingatdifferentjobs.Atonetime,heworkedinafactory.Laterzherepairedshoes.Hewasateacher.Hewasareporter.Always,hewrotepoetry.VOICETWO:FrostattendedHarvardUniversityfortwoyears.Afterthat,hereturnedtothemanyjobsheheldbefore.Andhecontinuedtowritepoetry.Hesaidthatuntilnineteen-thirteenzheearnedonlyabouttendollarsayearfromwriting.Forawhile,FrosttriedtotakecareofafarminthestateofNewHampshire.Hewasnotasuccessfulfarmer.Duringthistimeofworkingandtravellingfromjobtojob,heandhiswifehadfourchildren.Sinceheearnedverylittlemoney,hisfamilywasalwayspoor.VOICEONE:RobertFrostsawhimselfbecomingmoreandmorelikehisfather,treatinghisfamilybadly.Hebecameveryunhappywithhimselfandwithhislife.Heeventhoughtaboutendinghislife.Innineteen-twelvezhedecidedtotrytomakeanewstart.HetookhisfamilytoBritain.Thecostoflivingwaslow.Andtherewasaninterestinwhatwasthencalleda"newpoetry."InBritain,Frostfoundapublisherforhisfirstbookofpoems.Thebookwascalled"ABoy'sWill."Whenitappearedinnineteen-thirteenzFrostreceivedhighpraisefromBritishreaders.Praisewassomethinghehadnotreceivedinhisowncountry.EzraPound,anotherAmericanpoetlivinginBritain,readthepoemsandlikedthemverymuch.HewroteamagazinereportaboutFrost.HealsohelpedgetFrost'ssecondbookofpoemspublishedinAmerica.Thatbookwascalled"NorthofBoston."VOICETWO:Manyreadersconsider"NorthofBoston"tobeFrosfsbestbookofpoems.InBritain,itwaspraisedevenmorethanhisfirstbook.Readerssawthewayhetooksimplematerialandconstructedfromitaworldofnewmeanings.Theysawthewayhespokewithavoicethatsoundedlikecommonspeech.WhattheyfailedtoseewasthedifferencesFrostfoundbetweenwhatwasseenandthepersondoingtheseeing.Thiswaswhathecalled"theouterandinnerweather."Innineteen-fifteenzbothofFrost'sbookswerepublishedintheUnitedStates.Hefeltthathisbookshad"gonehome,"andheshouldgohome,too.WhenhereachedAmerica,hewassurprisedbythepraisehereceivedandtheacceptanceofAmericanpublishers.InthewordsofthepoemhereadatPresidentKennedy'sinaugurationmanyyearslater:"Thelandwashisbeforehewastheland's."(MUSICBRIDGE)VOICEONE:WhenRobertFrostreturnedtoAmericafromBritain,heboughtanotherfarminNewHampshire.Tofeedhimselfandhisfamily,hedependedonthesalesofhisbooksandpapers.Healsoearnedmoneybyspeakingatuniversities.Successdidnoteasehislife.Anditdidnotchangethewayhethoughtandacted.Thegentle,wisepersonwhospokefromhispoemswasthemanFrostwantedtobe.Heknew,howeverandhisfamilyknew-hewasnotthatman.Tragiceventsaffectedhim.Hissonkilledhimself.Hiswifewasoftensickfandhisdaughterbecamementallysick.Frostztoo,sufferedfromhisownimaginarysicknesses.Throughhispoems,however,helivedadifferentlife.VOICETWO:Frostwasaworkerinwords,acraftsman.HetriedtocaptureexactlythespeechofthepeopleofNewEngland.Heusedsimpledescriptionsthatwereeasilyunderstood.Hetalkedaboutsimple,naturalthings:trees,theweather,theseasons,nightandday.Inanearlypoemhewrote:NARRATOR:mgoingouttocleanthepasturespring;llonlystoptoraketheleavesaway(Andwaittowatchthewaterclear,Imay):Isha,n,tbegonelong.Youcometoo.mgoingouttofetchthelittlecalfThat'sstandingbythemother.It'ssoyoungIttotterswhenshelicksitwithhertongue.Isha,n'tbegonelong.Youcometoo.VOICEONE:RobertFrostsaidthatreadinghispoemsshouldbeginwithpleasureandendinwisdom.Yetashegrewolder,hissimpleideaoftheworldbecamemoredifficult.Hisworldwasmoretouchedwithsadness.Hewrotemoreaboutfear,aboutbeingalone,aboutlosingwhateverhehad.(pause)WewillcontinueourstoryofAmericanpoetRobertFrostnextweek.(THEME)VOICETWO:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyRichardThorman.ItwasproducedbyChristineJohnson.mRichKleinfeldt.VOICEONE:AndmShirleyGriffith.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherprogramaboutPeopleinAmericaonVOA.