美国名人 黑人记者 卡尔 罗恩.docx

美国名人黑人记者卡尔罗恩CarlRowan:OneoftheMostHonoredReportersintheUnitedStatesplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:41repeatByCynthiaKirk2005-5-14(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmDougJohnsonwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,wetellaboutthelifeofwriterandreporter,CarlRowan.HewasoneofthemosthonoredreportersintheUnitedStates.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CarlRowanwasknownforthepowerfulstoriesthathewroteformajornewspapers.HiscolumnswerepublishedinmorethanonehundrednewspapersacrosstheUnitedStates.Hewasthefirstblacknewspapercolumnisttohavehisworkappearinmajornewspapers.CarlRowancalledhimselfanewspaperman.Yetzhewasalsoawriterofbest-sellingbooks.HewroteaboutthelivesofAfricanAmericancivilrightsleader,ReverendMartinLutherKingJuniorandUnitedStatesSupremeCourtJustice,ThurgoodMarshall.CarlRowanalsowasaradiobroadcasterandapopularpublicspeaker.ForthirtyyearszheappearedonaweeklytelevisionshowaboutAmericanpolitics.VOICETWO:CarlRowanwonpraiseovertheyearsforhisreportsaboutracerelationsinAmerica.HeprovidedapublicvoiceforpoorpeopleandminoritiesinAmerica.Heinfluencedpeopleinpositionsofpower.VOICETWO(cont):MisterRowanopenedmanydoorsforAfricanAmericans.HewasthefirstblackdeputySecretaryofStateintheadministrationofPresidentJohnF.Kennedy.AndhewasthefirstblackdirectoroftheUnitedStatesInformationAgencywhichatthetimesupervisedtheVoiceofAmerica.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CarlRowanwasborninNineteen-Twenty-FiveinthesoutherncityofRavenscroftzTennessee.HegrewupduringtheGreatDepression,oneoftheworsteconomictimesintheUnitedStates.Hisfamilywasverypoor.Hisfatherstackedwoodusedforbuilding,whenhehadwork.Hismotherworkedcleaningthehomesofwhitepeoplewhenshecould.TheRowanfamilyhadnoelectricity,norunningwater,notelephoneandnoradio.Carlsaidhewouldsometimesstealfoodordrinkwarmmilkfromthecowsonnearbyfarms.TheRowansdidnotevenhaveaclock.Asaboy,Carlsaidheknewifitwastimetogotoschoolbythesoundofatrain.Hesaidifthetrainwaslate,hewaslate.VOICETWO:Growingup,Carlhadverylittlehopeforanychange.TherewerenotmanyjobsforblacksintheSouth.Theschoolswerenotgood.Racialtensionswerehigh.Lawswereenforcedtokeepblacksandwhitesseparate.ItwasateacherwhourgedCarltomakesomethingofhimself.BessieTaylorGwynntaughthimtobelievehecouldbeapoetorawriter.Sheurgedhimtowriteasmuchaspossible.Shewouldevengetbooksforhimbecauseblackswerebannedfrompubliclibraries.BessieTaylorGwynnmadesurethatCarlfinishedhighschool.Andhedid.Hegraduatedatthetopofhisclass.VOICEONE:CarlenteredTennesseeStateCollegeinNineteen-Forty-Two.Healmosthadtoleavecollegeafterthefirstfewmonthsbecausehedidnothaveenoughmoney.Butonthewaytocatchabus,hisluckchanged.Hefoundthetwentydollarsheneededtostayincollege.VOICEONE(cont):CarlRowandidsowellincollegethathewaschosenbytheUnitedStatesNavytobecomeoneofthefirstfifteenblackNavyofficers.Hesaidthatexperiencechangedhislife.CarlservedonshipsduringWorldWarTwo.Afterward,hereturnedtocollegeandgraduatedfromOberlinCollegeinOhio.Hewentontoreceivehismaster'sdegreeinjournalismfromtheUniversityofMinnesota.VOICETWO:InNineteen-Forty-Eight,CarlRowanbecameareporterfortheMinneapolisTribunenewspaperinMinnesota.Hewasoneofthefirstblackreporterstowriteforamajordailynewspaper.Asayoungreporter;hecoveredracialtensionsintheSouthduringthecivilrightsmovement.InNineteen-Fifty-SixzhetraveledtotheMiddleEasttocoverthewarovertheSuezCanal.HealsoreportedfromEurope,IndiaandotherpartsofAsia.Hewonseveralmajorreportingawards.VOICEONE:MisterRowan'sreportsonracerelationsintheSouthinterestedPresidentJohnF.Kennedy.InNineteen-Sixty-One,PresidentKennedyappointedMisterRowandeputyassistantSecretaryofState.HeservedasadelegatetotheUnitedNationsduringtheCubanmissilecrisisinNineteen-Sixty-Two.MisterRowanlaterwasappointedambassadortoFinland.DuringhisyearsinPresidentKennedy'sadministration,CarlRowangottoknowLyndonB.Johnson.LyndonJohnsonbecamepresidentafterPresidentKennedywasassassinatedinNineteen-Sixty-Three.InNineteen-Sixty-Four,PresidentJohnsonnamedCarlRowandirectoroftheUnitedStatesInformationAgency.ThepositionmadehimthehighestlevelAfricanAmericanintheUnitedStatesgovernment.MisterRowansaidbeingchosentoheadtheUnitedStatesInformationAgencyandtheVoiceofAmericawasoneofthegreathonorsofhislife.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:InNineteen-Sixty-FivezCarlRowanleftthegovernmentandstartedwritingfornewspapers.Hewroteacolumnthattoldhisopinionsaboutimportantsocial,economicandpoliticalissues.Itappearedseveraltimesaweekinanumberofnewspapers.Radioandtelevisionjobsfollowed.MisterRowanoftenwroteintenselyaboutracerelations.Yet,hewrotewithmorefeelingaboutonesubjectthananyother:thateducationandhardworkwillhelpyoungAfricanAmericansmoveforward.CarlRowanwasangeredbytheideasofsomeyoungblacks.Hesaidtheybelievedthattostudyhardandperformwellinschoolwas"actingwhite."Hedeploredtheideathatexcellenceisforwhitesonly.VOICEONE:InNineteen-Eighty-Seven,MisterRowancreatedaprogramcalled"ProjectExcellence."Theprogramrewardsblackstudentswhodowellinschool.Overtheyears,theprogramhasprovidedmillionsofdollarstohelpAfricanAmericanstudentsgetmoneyforcollege.VOICEONE(cont):Throughouthislife,CarlRowanwasastrongvoiceforracialjusticeinAmerica.YetzhealsodemandedexcellencefromotherblackAmericans.HewroteaboutwrongdoingwithintheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople.TheNAACPfightsforthecivilrightsofAfricanAmericans.MisterRowan'scolumnsledtotheresignationofitschairmanandhelpedspeedtheorganization'sfinancialrecovery.VOICETWO:CarlRowanlivedwithhiswife,VivienMurphy,inalargehouseinWashington,D.C.Theyhadthreechildrenandfourgrandchildren.Hehadbeenastrongsupporterofguncontrollaws.ButinNineteen-Eighty-Eightzhewaschargedforfiringagunthathedidnotlegallyown.Heshotandwoundedateenagerwhowasonhispropertyillegally.Rowanwasarrestedandtried.Duringthetrial,hearguedthathehadtherighttousewhatevermeansnecessarytoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.Thejuryfailedtoreachadecisioninthecase.InNineteen-Ninety-OnezCarlRowanwroteabookabouthislifecalled"BreakingBarriers."Severalyearslater,hewroteabookcalled"TheComingRaceWarinAmerica."Thebookdescribestheexplodingangerbetweenblacksandwhitesandthepossibilityofafutureracewar.Somepeoplepraisedthebook.Othersthoughtitwasharmfulandirresponsible.VOICEONE:CarlRowanwasthefirstblackpresidentofanorganizationoftopreportersinWashingtoncalledtheGridironClub.ThegroupdoesashoweveryyearthatmakesfunoftheAmericanpoliticalprocess.MisterRowanoftenperformedbysingingorleadingacomedyact.CarlRowanusedsimplewordswhenhespoke,yethewasverydirect.Hewascriticizedsometimesforthat.Somepeoplethoughtthathisideasweretooliberal.Othersthoughthewastoomoderate.Butmostpeoplethoughthisstoriesgenerallywereveryfair.MisterRowantalksabouthislifeinhisbook,"BreakingBarriers":CUTl-CARLROWANACTVOICETWO:CarlRowandiedSeptemberTwenty-Third,Two-Thousand,inWashington,D.C.Hewasseventy-fiveyearsold.Duringthelastyearsofhislife,hesufferedfromdiabetesandheartproblems.Butheneverfailedtowritehisnewspapercolumn.Heneverletbadthingsslowhimdown.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyCynthiaKirk.mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmDougJohnson.ListenagainnextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.