美国名人 音乐教育家 伦纳德·伯恩斯坦.docx

美国名人音乐教育家伦纳德伯恩斯坦1.eonardBernstein:Composer;Conductor,PianistandTeacherplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:28repeatByJeriIynWatson2005-8-6(MUSIC)ANNCR:WelcometoPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Today,RichKleinfeldtandSarahLongtellaboutthelifeandworkofoneofthemostinfluentialmusiciansofthetwentiethcentury-LeonardBernstein.(MUSIC)ThismusicwaswrittenbyLeonardBernstein.HecomposeditfortheopeningoftheJohnF.KennedyCenterforthePerformingArtsinWashington,D.C.zinnineteenseventy-one.VOICETWO:1.eonardBernsteinlivedfromnineteen-eighteenuntilnineteen-ninety.Duringhisseventy-twoyearshewasoneofAmerica'smosthard-workingmusicians.Hewasacomposer,conductor;pianistandteacher.Hewrotebothseriousclassicalmusicandlightpopularmusic.HewasmusicaldirectoroftheNewYorkPhilharmonicOrchestraformorethantenyears.Heoftenplayedthepianowhileleadinganorchestraatthesametime.Hetaughtmanyothermusicians.And,heappearedontelevisionprogramsandwrotebookstohelppeople-especiallychildren-learnaboutmusic.VOICEONE:1.eonardBernsteinwasborninLawrence,Massachusetts,onAugusttwenty-fifth,nineteen-eighteen.HisparentswereJewsfromRussia.TheymetandmarriedintheUnitedStates.Leonarddemonstratedearlyinlifethathehadspecialabilitiesinmusic.Hisfather,however,didnotbelievehissoncouldsupporthimselfasamusician.TheolderBernsteincontinuallyadvisedagainstit.1.uckily,hissonrejectedthisadvice.LeonardstudiedmusicatHarvardUniversityandtheCurtisInstituteinPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania.HespentsummersatafamousmusiccenterinMassachusettscalledTanglewood.Therehestudiedconductingwithtwomajormusiciansofourtime-SergeKoussevitskyandFritzReiner.LaterLeonardBernsteinwouldreturntoTanglewoodtoteachalmosteverysummerofhislife.VOICETWO:Innineteenforty-three,LeonardBernsteinbecameassistantconductoroftheNewYorkPhilharmonicOrchestra.InNovemberofthatyear,NewYorkPhilharmonicconductorBrunoWalterbecamesickcouldnotconductanimportantconcert.MisterBernsteinwascalledtoleadtheorchestraverysoonbeforetheevent.Hehadlittletimetoprepare.Still,hedidsowellthattheNewYorkTimesnewspaperpublishedastorypraisinghiseffort.Thestoryappearedonthefrontpagethedayaftertheconcert.Afterthat,LeonardBernsteinwasinvitedtoconductconcertsofalmosteverymajorAmericanorchestra.Innineteenfifty-eight,hebecamemusicaldirectoroftheNewYorkPhilharmonic.HewasthefirstAmericantoholdthatposition.Criticssaidthewell-knownorchestrabecameevenbetterunderhisleadership.HewasthemainconductorofthePhilharmonicuntilheresignedinnineteen-sixty-seven.VOICEONE:1.eonardBernsteinbecameinvolvedinmanymoreprojectsafterleavingtheNewYorkPhilharmonic.Peoplesaidhewaslikeapowerfuloceanstorm.Heseemedtolivehiswholelifeinahurry.MisterBernsteintraveledaroundtheworldtoactasguestconductorofmanyorchestras.Hewrotemusicandtaughtmusic.Athome,heandhiswife,ChileanactressFeliciaMontealegrezwereraisingtheirthreechildren.Theirhomewasagatheringplaceforsomeofthemostinfluentialartists,musiciansandwritersintheUnitedStates.VOICETWO:Astheyearspassed,LeonardBernstein'smanymusicalskillsmadehimknownaroundtheworld.Hewonhighpraiseasapianist.Listennowasheplays"PianoSonata"byhisfriendAaronCopland.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CriticssayBernsteinwrotesomeofhisbestworkinhisearlyyears.Hewrote"SymphonyNumberTwo,theAgeofAnxiety"innineteenforty-ninewhenhewasaboutthirty.MusicalexpertssaythepiececapturesthesoundsofAmerica.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThatpiecewasamongseverallargeworksLeonardBernsteinwroteforsymphonyorchestrasovertheyears.HecomposedseveralsymphoniesthatdemonstratehisdeepinterestinhisJewishreligion.MisterBernsteinwroteothermajorclassicalworksthroughtheyearsforalargegroupofsingersandanorchestra.Healsocomposedoperasandballetmusic.ManypeoplethinktheseclassicalworksarenotasgreatassomeofhismusicalplaysforBroadwaysuchas"OntheTown,""WonderfulTown"and"Candide."Somemusiccriticssay"Candide"isthebestmusicLeonardBernsteineverwrote.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Themusical,"WestSideStory,"isconsideredLeonardBernstein'smostfamouswork.ItopenedonBroadwayinNewYorkCityinnineteenfifty-seven.Itstillisbeingperformedallovertheworld.Theshowtellsastorysimilarto"RomeoandJuliet/'thefamousplaybyWilliamShakespeare.StephenSondheimwrotethewordstotheBernsteinmusic."WestSideStory"guaranteedLeonardBernsteinaspecialplaceinAmericanmusicaltheater.HeretenorLarryKertsings"Maria,"oneofthemostbeautifulsongsfrom"WestSideStory."(MUSIC)VOICETWO:1.eonardBernsteinworkedforthreeyearson"MasszATheaterPieceforSingersPlayersandDancers"tobeperformedattheKennedyCenteropening.Two-hundredpeopleareinthishugework.ItsnamecomesfromthereligiousserviceoftheRomanCatholicChurch.ThestorytellsofayoungmanwholoseshisbeliefinGod.,Mass"istheclosestMisterBernsteinevercametojoiningthestylesofBroadwayandclassicalmusic.Itcontainsrockmusiczbluesmusic,andreligiousmusic.VOICEONE:Throughouthislife,LeonardBernsteinwasinvolvedwithsocialissuesaswellasmusic.HesupportedthecivilrightsmovementandopposedtheVietnamWar.HeconductedconcertstoraisemoneyforAIDSresearch.Inhislateryears,hewantedtowritesomethingthatheknewwouldberememberedalways.Buthewasinpoorhealth.Still,hekeptcomposing,directingandspeaking.HegavehislastperformanceinAugust,nineteenninety,atTanglewood.LessthantwomonthslatehediedinhisNewYorkhome.Hewillberememberedalwaysforhismanymusicalgiftstotheworld.(MUSIC)ANNCR:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyJeriWatson.ItwasproducedbyPaulThompson.TheannouncerswereRichKleinfeldtandSarahLong.mBarbaraKlein.ListenagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.