美国名人 黑人女低音歌唱家 玛丽安·安德森 2.docx

美国名人黑人女低音歌唱家玛丽安安德森2MarianAnderson:75ThousandPeopleHeardHerSingattheLincolnMemorialinWashington,D.C.playstopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:46repeatByShelleyGollust2006-1-14(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wecompletethestoryofsingerMarianAnderson.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MarianAndersonwasborninPhiladelphia,Pennsylvaniaintheearlynineteenhundreds.Shebegansinginginchurch.Soon,herrichdeepvoicebecamewidelyknowninthearea.MarianAndersonlovedopera.Atthattime,however,blacksingerswerenotpermittedinwhiteoperacompaniesintheUnitedStates.Sosheperformedasaconcertartistinstead.HerfirstconcertinNewYorkCitywasnotsuccessful.Shefeltdefeatedanddidnotsingagaininpublicformanymonths.Thenhermotherbecamesick.Andersonknewshewouldhavetoworktokeepherfamilytogether.Singingwasherwork.VOICETWO:InthenineteentwentiesMarianAndersonwontwosingingcompetitions.ShesanginNewYorkwiththePhilharmonicOrchestra.Thisconcertwasahugesuccess.Shesignedanagreementtoperforminothercities.Mostofthetime,onlyblackpeopleattendedherconcerts.WhenshewasinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates,shewasnotpermittedtostayinhotelsforwhitepeople.Shedidnotletracialhatredaffecthermusic.Yetsheknewshewouldneverbecompletelysuccessfuluntilshecouldsingforallpeople.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteenthirty,MarianAndersonreceivedmoneytostudymusicinLondon.Inthosedays,Europeseemedtobetheonlyplacewhereablackartistcouldgainrecognition.SoMariantraveledtoEurope.Manyyearslater,shedescribedherexperiencethere:"Iwasmadetofeelwelcome,evenatahotel.Peopleacceptedmeasaperson.Theyjudgedmeformyqualitiesasahumanbeingandanartist.Nothingelse."VOICETWO:Inthenineteenthirties,AndersonstudiedandperformedinLondonandBerlin,Germany.Shegavefewconcertsatfirst.ThenshewasinvitedtogiveaseriesofconcertsinSweden.ThemusicianKostiVehanenplayedthepianoatMarian'sconcerts.Hesaidhervoicewassopowerfulthatitseemedtocomefromundertheearth.Hedescribeditasavoicethatoverflowedwithadeep,tragicfeeling.MarianAndersonhadherfirstgreatsuccessinSweden.TheSwedishpeoplelovedhervoice.Theyespeciallylikedthespiritualsshesang.FewofthemhadheardthiskindofAmericanmusicbefore.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MarianAndersontraveledthroughthecountriesofScandinavia.Peoplepraisedhersingingeverywhereshewent.InHelsinki,FinlandshesangforthefamousFinnishComposerJeanSibelius.Hetoldher:"Theroofofmyhouseistoolowforyourvoice."AndersonsanginScandinaviaforthreeconcertseasons.ShesangforthekingsofDenmarkandSweden.Finally,shedecidedtoreturntotheUnitedStates.Shesaidshewantedtotestherselfinherowncountry.VOICETWO:NewsofhersuccessinScandinaviadidnotmeanmuchtoconcerthallownersintheUnitedStates.Theyknewblackconcertsingerswerenotpopular.Andersonwasbackwhereshebegan-singingatchurchesandsmallgatherings.ShedecidedtogobacktoEurope.Again,shewasgreetedwarmly.ThefamousItalianorchestraconductorArturoToscaniniheardhersinginAustria.Aftertheconcerthesaid:"Shehasavoicethatonehearsonlyonceinahundredyears."Toscanini'scommentspreadthroughouttheworldofmusic.Finally,MarianAndersonwasfamous.ShereturnedtotheUnitedStatesandsangallaroundthecountry.Innineteenthirty-fivesheappearedforthesecondtimeatTownHallinNewYork.Thistimeshewasagreatsuccess.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MarianAndersongaveconcertsinnorthernandsoutherncities.Shefirmlybelievedthathermusicwasthebestweaponagainstracialhatred.AtoneconcertinthesouthernstateofMississippi,Andersonsawthathersingingcouldbringpeopletogether.Ithadbeenalongconcert.Yetthecrowdkeptcallingformore.Marianaskedtheaudiencetojoinherinsingingonelastsong.Thepeoplestood.Blackpeopleandwhitepeoplesangtogether,sidebyside.Thelocalnewspaperdescribedwhathappened:"Sometimesthehumanspiritrisesaboveitsetaboveracialprejudice."VOICETWO:Anotherincidentbecamefamousaroundtheworld.MarianAndersonwastosinginWashington,D.C.atConstitutionHall.ThisconcerthallwasownedbyanorganizationcalledtheDaughtersoftheAmericanRevolution,orD.A.R.TheD.A.R.wouldnotpermitAndersontoperformintheconcerthallbecauseshewasblack.Manypeopleprotested,includingEleanorRooseveltzthewifeoftheAmericanpresident.WithMissusRoosevelt'shelp,AndersonwasabletosingforanevenbiggercrowdinWashington.Shegaveafreeconcertintheopenair,neartheLincolnmemorial.Seventy-fivethousandpeopleattendedthatconcertonEasterSunday,Aprilninth,nineteenthirty-nine.YearsIaterzAndersondescribedhowshefeltonthatday:VOICEONE:"Thereseemedtobepeopleasfarastheeyecouldsee.Ifeltthatagreatwaveofgoodwillpouredoutfromthosepeople.WhenIsawthem,myheartjumpedwildly.Icouldnottalk.IwonderedifIwouldbeabletosing."VOICETWO:MarianAndersondidsing.Andseventy-fivethousandvoices-blackandwhite-joinedwithhers.TheysangthenationalsongoftheUnitedStates.ThentheylistenedasshesanganothersongaboutAmerica.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteenfifty-five,MarianAndersonwasaskedtosingwiththeNewYorkMetropolitanOperacompany.ItwasthefirsttimeablacksingerperformedregularlywithanAmericanoperagroup.MarianAnderson'spresencemadeitpossibleforotherblacksingerstobecomeoperasingersintheUnitedStates.VOICETWO:MarianAndersonreceivedmanyhonorsandawardsduringherlife.Innineteenfifty-eightshewasappointedadelegatetotheUnitedNations,expandingherjobasgoodwillambassadoroftheUnitedStates.ShereceivedthePresidentialMedalofFreedominnineteensixty-three.Andersonretiredfromsingingtwoyearslater.Shelivedquietlywithherhusband,OrpheusFisher,inthestateofConnecticut.Afterhedied,shelivedwithhersister'sson,orchestraconductorJamesDePriest.MarianAndersondiedinnineteenninety-threeattheageofninety-six.Expertssaysheisrememberednotonlyforthequalityofhervoice,butalsobecauseofthewayshecarriedoutherrighttobeheard.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.