美国名人 雷·克拉克.docx

美国名人雷克拉克RayKrocplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByGeorgeGrow2004-3-13(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mPhoebeZimmermann.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wetellaboutRayKroczthemanwhohelpedmakethefastfoodindustryfamous.HeexpandedasmallbusinessintoaninternationaloperationcalledMcDonald's.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Youprobablyknowwhatfastfoodis.Itiscookedfoodthatisreadyalmostassoonasyouenterapubliceatingplace.Itdoesnotcostmuch.ItispopularwithmostAmericansandwithmanypeoplearoundtheworld.Someexpertssaythatatleasttwenty-fivepercentofAmericanadultseatfastfoodeveryday.Mostfastfoodrestaurantsoffergroundbeefsandwichescalledhamburgersandpotatoescookedinhotoilcalledfrenchfries.Otherfastfoodplacesservefriedchicken,pizzaortacos.VOICETWO:YouseefastfoodrestaurantsalmosteverywhereintheUnitedStates.Thenamesandthedesignsofthebuildingsareeasilyrecognized-BurgerKing,KentuckyFriedChicken,PizzaHutzTacoBellandofcourse,McDonald's.Mostarechainrestaurants.Thatmeanseachoneispartofahugecompany.Eachrestaurantinthechainhasthesamelarge,colorfulsignthatcanberecognizedfromfaraway.Eachoffersitsowncarefullylimitedchoiceoffoods.Eachkindofhamburgerorpieceofchickentastesthesameateveryrestaurantinthechain.VOICEONE:ThefastfoodindustrybeganwithtwobrothersinSanBernardinozCaliforniainthenineteen-forties.MacandDickMcDonaldownedasmall,butverysuccessfulrestaurant.Theysoldonlyafewkindsofsimplefoodzespeciallyhamburgers.Peoplestoodoutsidetherestaurantatawindow.Theytoldtheworkersinsidewhattheywantedtoeat.Theyreceivedandpaidfortheirfoodveryquickly.Thefoodcameincontainersthatcouldbethrownaway.ThesystemwassosuccessfulthattheMcDonaldbrothersdiscoveredtheycouldsellalotoffoodandlowertheirprices.VOICETWO:RayKrocsoldrestaurantsupplies.HerecognizedtheimportanceoftheMcDonaldbrothers'idea.Hesawthatfoodsalescouldbeorganizedformassproduction-almostlikeafactory.MisterKrocpaidtheMcDonaldbrothersforpermissiontoopenseveralrestaurantsSimilartotheirs.HeopenedthefirstMcDonald'srestaurantnearChicago,Illinois,innineteen-fifty-five.Soon,moreMcDonald'swereopeningallacrosstheUnitedStates.Otherpeoplecopiedtheideaandmorefastfoodrestaurantsfollowed.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:RaymondAlbertKrocwasaverywealthybusinessmanwhenhediedinnineteen-eighty-four.Buthehadnotalwaysbeensuccessful.RaywasborninIllinoisinnineteen-oh-two.Hisparentswerenotrich.HeattendedschoolinOakPark,nearChicago.Raynevercompletedhighschool,however.HeleftschooltobecomeadriverfortheRedCrossinWorldWarOne.Heliedabouthisagetobeaccepted.Hewasonlyfifteen.ThewarendedbeforehecouldbesenttoEurope.VOICETWO:Afterthewar,Raybecameajazzpianoplayer.Heplayedwithfamousmusicgroups.Hegotmarriedwhenhewastwenty.ThenhebeganworkingfortheLilyTulipCupCompany,sellingpapercups.Hekepttryingnewthings,however.HeattemptedtoselllandinthesouthernstateofFlorida.Thatbusinessfailed.RayKrocremembereddrivingtoChicagofromFloridaafterhisbusinessfailed.Hesaid:"IwillneverforgetthatdriveaslongasIlive.Thestreetswerecoveredwithice,andIdidnothavewinterclothing.WhenIarrivedhomeIwasverycoldandhadnomoney."VOICEONE:RayKrocwentbacktobeingasalesmanfortheLilyTulipCupCompany.HewasresponsibleforproductsalesinthecentralUnitedStates.Hislifeimprovedwhenhestartedasmallbusinessthatsoldrestaurantsupplies.Hesoldamachinethatcouldmixfivemilkshakesatonetime.Innineteen-fifty-fourzhediscoveredasmallrestaurantthatwasusingeightofhismachines.Hewentthereandfoundthattheownersoftherestauranthadagoodbusinesssellingonlyhamburgers,frenchfriesanddrinks.Atfirst,MisterKrocsawonlythepossibilityforincreasingthesalesofhismixerstomorerestaurants.ThenheproposedanagreementwiththeMcDonaldbrotherstostartanumberofrestaurants.Undertheagreement,theMcDonaldbrotherswouldgetapercentageofallsales.VOICETWO:ThefirstMcDonald'srestaurantopenedinDesPlaines,Illinois,innineteen-fifty-five.RayKrocwasfifty-twoyearsoldanagewhenmanypeoplestartthinkingaboutretirement.Heopenedtworestaurants.Soonhebegantounderstandthattherealprofitsweremadeinsellinghamburgers,notthemixers.HequicklysoldthemixercompanyandinvestedthemoneyinthegrowingchainofMcDonald'srestaurants.Innineteen-si×tyzMisterKrocboughtthelegalrightstotherestaurantsfromtheMcDonaldbrothers.Bythen,thechainhadmorethantwo-hundredrestaurants.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:FastfoodrestaurantsspreadquicklyintheUnitedStatesbecauseoffranchising.Franchisingmeanssellingthelegalrighttooperateastoreinacompany'schaintoanindependentbusinessperson.Ifthecompanyapproves,thebusinesspersonmaybuyorleasethestoreforaperiodofyears.ManypeoplewanttoownaMcDonald'srestaurant,butonlyafewareapproved.Eachrestaurantbuysitssuppliesatalowcostfromtheparentcompany.Eachrestaurantalsogivesthecompanyabouttenpercentofthemoneyitearnsinsales.TodayzaboutseventypercentofMcDonald'srestaurantsworldwideareownedandoperatedbyindependentbusinessmenandwomen.VOICETWO:RayKrocwasgoodatidentifyingwhatthepublicwanted.HeknewthatmanyAmericanfamilieswantedtoeatinarestaurantsometimes.Hegavepeopleasimpleeatingplacewithpopularfoodzlowprices,friendlyserviceandnowaiting.AndallMcDonald'srestaurantssoldthesamefoodineveryrestaurantacrossthecountry.RayKrocestablishedrulesforhowMcDonald'srestaurantsweretooperate.Hedemandedthateveryrestaurantoffer"quality,serviceandcleanliness."PeopleluckyenoughtogetafranchisemustcompleteaprogramatatrainingcentercalledHamburgerUniversity.Theylearnhowtocookandservethefood,andhowtokeepthebuildingclean.Morethansixty-five-thousandpeoplehavecompletedthistraining.(MUSICBRIDGE)VOICEONE:McDonald'sbegantoexpandaroundtheworldinnineteen-si×ty-seven.RayKroc'sbusinessabilitymadeMcDonald'sthelargestrestaurantcompanyintheworld.Therearenowmorethanthirty-thousandMcDonald'srestaurantsonsixcontinents.Thecompanyoperatesinaboutone-hundred-twentycountries.Everyday,McDonald'srestaurantsaroundtheworldserveaboutfifty-millionpeople.VOICETWO:Inlateryears,RayKrocestablishedtheKrocFoundation,aprivateorganizationthatgivesmoneytohelpothers.Healsoestablishedanumberofcentersthatoffersupporttofamiliesofchildrenwhohavecancer.TheyarecalledRonaldMcDonaldhouses.ManypeoplepraisedRayKrocforhiscompany'ssuccessandgoodworks.ButotherpeoplesharplycriticizedhimforthewayMcDonald'streatedyoungemployees.ManyoftheworkerswerepaidthelowestwagepermittedbyAmericanlaw.HealthexpertsstillcriticizeMcDonald'sfoodforcontainingtoomuchfatandsalt.Inthenineteen-seventieszRayKrocturnedhisenergyfromhamburgerstosports.HeboughtaprofessionalbaseballteaminCalifornia,theSanDiegoPadres.Hediedinnineteen-eighty-four.Hewaseighty-oneyearsold.VOICEONE:ThatfirstMcDonald'srestaurantinDesPlaineszIllinois,wastorndown.Itwasreplacedbyastoreandvisitorscenterthatattemptstocopywhatwasintheoriginalbuilding.AnothermuseuminnearbyOakParkdescribesthelifeofRayKroc.RayKroc'sstoryremainsanimportantpartofMcDonald'shistory.Andhiswayofdoingbusinesscontinuestoinfluencefastfoodrestaurantsthatfeedpeoplearoundtheworld.(THEME)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyGeorgeGrow.LawanDaviswastheproducer.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmPhoebeZimmermann.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprograminVOASpecialEnglish.