美国名人 网球运动员 阿瑟·阿什.docx

美国名人网球运动员阿瑟阿什ArthurAshe:TennisChampionandCivilRightsActivistplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:47repeatByVivianChakarian2005-9-17(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mBarbaraKlein.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmerica,inVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutthelifeoftennischampionArthurAshe.Hewasanathleteandasocialactivistwhodiedbeforehewasfifty.Hewashonoredforhisbraveryandhonestyaswellashisstrongsupportofjustcauses.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteenseventy-five,ArthurAsheplayedagainstIlieNastaseintheMasterstennisgamesinStockholm,Sweden.Nastasewasoutofcontrol.Hedelayedthegame.HecalledAshebadnames.Finally,ArthurAsheputdownhistennisracketandwalkedoffthetenniscourt.Hesaid,'Tvehadenough.matthepointwheremafraidlllosecontrol."Theofficialswereshocked;Ashewaswinningthegame.Oneofficialtoldhimhewouldloseifhewalkedoutofthegame.Ashesaid,"Idon'tcare.dratherlosethatthanmyself-respect.,Thenextday,theMasterscommitteemet.TheyknewthatiftheygavethegametoNastaseztheywouldbesupportinghiskindofactions.Theyfeltitwashowyouplayedthegamethatreallycounted.So,theofficialsdecideditwasNastasewhomustlosethegame.(MUSIC)ArthurAshewasborninnineteenforty-threeinthesoutherncityofRichmond,Virginia.HisparentswereMattieCunninghamAsheandArthurAshezSenior.Inthosedays,blackpeopleandwhitepeoplelivedseparatelyintheSouth.Bylaw,African-Americanscouldnotattendthesameschoolsorthesamechurchesaswhitepeople.Arthurlearnedtolivewithracialseparation.Heattendedanall-blackschool.Heplayedintheareaskeptseparateforblacks.Andwhenhetraveledtohisgrandmother'shouse,hesatinthebackofthebusbehindawhiteline.Onlywhitepeoplecouldsitinthefrontpartofthebus.Tenniswasasporttraditionallyplayedbywhitepeople.Arthur'sexperiencewasdifferentfrommostothertennisplayers.Hegrewupunderpoorerconditions.Hisfatherworkedseveraljobsatthesametime.Andhismotherdiedwhenhewassix.VOICEONE:MisterAshetaughthissontheimportanceofleadinganhonorablelife.Hesaidapersondoesnotgetanywhereinlifebymakingenemies.Heexplainedthatapersongainsbyhelpingothers.ArthurAshe,Seniortaughthissontheimportanceofhisfriends,hisfamilyandhishistory.Hesaidthatwithouthisgoodname,hewouldbenothing.Byexample,Arthur'sfathertaughttheimportanceofhardwork.Hisjobwastodrivepeoplewheretheywantedtogo.Andhedidotherkindsofjobsforseveralwealthyfamilies.VOICETWO:WhenArthurwasfour,hisfatherwasgivenresponsibilityforapublicplayareacalledBrookField.ItwasthelargestplayareaforblackpeopleinthecityofRichmond.MisterAshecontinuedtoworkathisotherjobsaswell.Thefamilymovedintoafive-roomhouseinthemiddleofthepark.ArthurcouldusetheswimmingPooI,basketballcourts,baseballfieldsandtenniscourtsinthepark.Helikedsports.Hewasnotverybig,buthewasfast.Arthurbeganplayingtenniswhenhewassevenyearsold.Hewasverysmall.Theracketheusedtohitthetennisballseemedbiggerthanhewas.Butbythetimehewasthirteenyearsold,hewaswinningagainstplayerstwotimeshissizeandage.Arthurhadgreatenergyandsenseofpurpose.Hewouldhitfivehundredtennisballseachsummerdayearlyinthemorning.Hewouldstoptoeathismorningmeal.Thenhewouldhitfivehundredmoretennisballs.WhenArthurwastenyearsold,hemetRobertWalterJohnson.DoctorJohnsonestablishedatenniscampforblackchildrenwhowerenotpermittedtoplayontenniscourtsforwhites.DoctorJohnsonhelpedArthurlearntobecalmwhileplayingtennis.Hetaughthimtouserestraint.Hesaidthatangeratanopponentwasawasteofenergy.Bynineteensixty,ArthurhadwontheNationalJuniorIndoorChampionship.And,theUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngelesofferedhimacollegeeducationifheplayedfortheUCLAtennisteam.Innineteensixty-five,ArthurAsheledtheteamtotheNationalCollegiateAthleticAssociationchampionship.Hecompletedhiseducationthenextyearwithadegreeinbusinessadministration.VOICETWO:ArthurAshethenbecameaprofessionaltennisplayer.Innineteensixty-eight,hewontheUnitedStatesOpen.ItwasthefirsttimeanAfrican-Americanmanhadwononeofthefourmajorcompetitionsintennis.Innineteenseventy,hewontheAustralianOpen.Thenextyear;hewontheFrenchOpenDoublesChampionshipwithMartyRiessen.And,innineteenseventy-five,hewontheWimbledonSinglesChampionshipinEngland.Twotimeshewasnamedthenumberonetennisplayerintheworld.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Throughouthislife,ArthurAshefoughtagainstsocialinjustice.Hesupportedracialequalityandtriedtobringblacksandwhitestogether.Innineteenseventy-three,AshewasthefirstblackplayertobeinvitedtocompeteintheSouthAfricanOpen.Atthetime,SouthAfricanlawsseparatedpeoplebyrace.Asheknewwhyhewasinvited.HeknewthattheSouthAfricangovernmentwastryingtochangeitsimagesoitcouldtakepartintheOlympicGames.Heagreedtogo,butonhisownterms.Heplayedbeforearaciallymixedgroup.And,hewentwhereverhepleasedandsaidwhathewanted.VOICETWO:ArthurAshewentbacktoSouthAfricamanytimes.Hewentnotonlytofightagainstthesystemofracialseparation.Hewenttoshowtheoppressedchildrenofthecountrythathewasasuccessfulblackman.FormerSouthAfricanPresidentNelsonMandelaspenttwenty-sevenyearsinprison.Afterhisrelease,thefirstpersonMandelaaskedtoseeduringhisvisittotheUnitedStateswasArthurAshe.VOICEONE:AsheusedhisfametohelpincreasepublicknowledgeofracisminAmerica.HetoldreportershowthecolorofhisskinkepthimoutoftennisgamesasaboyinRichmond.Hespokeagainstblackseparatism.Hewantedtounitetheraces,notseparatethem.DuringhistravelswiththeUnitedStatesDavisCupteam,hesaid,"PeopleinothercountriesreadalotaboutracetroublesintheUnitedStates.ButwhentheyseetwoguysfromtheSouthlikeCliffRicheyandme,onewhiteandonecolored,bothsharingaroomandbeingclosefriends,itmustdoalittlegood."(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Innineteenseventy-seven,ArthurAshemarriedJeanneMoutoussamy.Theysharedadeepconcernforothers.Ashealwaysurgedpeopletodotheirbest-evenhisopponents.Tohelpothers,hestartedanorganization,theSafePassageFoundation.Ithelpedpoorchildrendeveloptheskillstolearn.Andittaughtthemhowtoplaytennisandgolf.VOICEONE:Innineteenseventy-nine,Ashefeltseverepaininhischest.Hehadsufferedhisfirstheartattack,eventhoughheseemedinexcellentphysicalcondition.Hisdaysofplayingtenniswereover.Doctorsoperatedonhimlaterthatyeartotrytoimprovetheflowofbloodfromhisheart.Buthisphysicalactivitywasverylimited.Fouryearslater,hehadtohaveanotheroperation.VOICETWO:Nowthathecouldnotbeactiveinsports,hetookonnewresponsibilities.HehelpedtheAmericanHeartAssociationeducatethepublicaboutheartdisease.Hewrotebooks.And,innineteeneighty-sixzhebecameafatherwhenhiswifeJeannegavebirthtotheirdaughter;Camera.TwoyearsIateoArthurAshefacedhisfinalstruggle.HediscoveredhehadthevirusthatcausesthediseaseAIDS.Heandhisdoctorsbelievedhehadgottenitwhenhereceivedinfectedbloodafterhissecondheartoperation.Hekeptthebadnewsasecretformorethanthreeyears.Hedidnotwanthisdaughtertoknow.Butreportersfoundoutabouthisconditioninnineteenninety-two.Hedecidedtotellthepublic.Ashecontinuedtoworkeventhoughhewasweakfromthedisease.Duringhislasttenmonthsoflife,hecontinuedtohelpchildren.HealsodemonstratedtosupportHaitianrefugees,continuedtofightracialinjusticeandbattledAIDS.Hesaid,".LivingwithAIDSisnotthegreatestburdenvehadinmylife.Beingblackis.'*Hegavehislastspeechtheweekhedied.Hesaid,"AIDSkilledmybody,butracismishardertobear.Itkillsthesoul."ArthurAshediedinnineteenninety-three.Hewasforty-nineyearsold.Hehadtoldafriend,"Youcometorealizethatlifeisshort,andyouhavetostepup.Don'tfeelsorryforme.Muchisexpectedofthosewhoarestrong."(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyVivianChakarian.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmBarbaraKlein.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.