美国名人 玛莉·里昂.docx

美国名人玛莉里昂MaryLyonplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByVivianBournaian2004-1-24(THEME)ANNCR:WelcometoPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Everyweekatthistime,wetellthestoryofsomeoneimportantinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.Today,SteveEmberandShirleyGriffithtellaboutMaryLyon.Shewasaleaderinwomen'seducationinthenineteenthcentury.(THEME)VOICEONE:Duringthenineteenthcentury,women'seducationwasnotconsideredimportantintheUnitedStates.Supportersofadvancededucationforwomenfacedmanyproblems.Statesdidrequireeachtowntoprovideaschoolforchildren,butteachersoftenwerepoorlyprepared.Mostyoungwomenwerenotabletocontinueonwiththeireducationinprivateschools.IftheydidztheyoftenwerenottaughtmuchexcepttheFrenchlanguage,howtosewclothing,andmusic.MaryLyonfeltthatwomen'seducationwasextremelyimportant.ThroughherlifelongworkforeducationshebecameoneofthemostfamouswomeninnineteenthcenturyAmerica.Shebelievedthatwomenwereteachersbothinthehomeandintheclassroom.AndzshebelievedthateffortstobettereducateyoungwomenalsoservedGod.Ifwomenwerebettereducated,shefelt,theycouldteachinlocalschoolsthroughouttheUnitedStatesandinforeigncountries.(MUSIC)MaryLyonwasborninBuckland,Massachusetts,inSeventeen-Ninety-Seven.Herfatherdiedwhenshewasfiveyearsold.ForMaryzhardworkwasawayoflife.Butshelaterrememberedwithgreatpleasureherchildhoodyearsinthehomewhereshewasborn.Thisishowshedescribedwhatshecouldseefromthathouseonahill:"Thefar-offmountainsinalltheirgrandeur,andthedeepvalleys,andwidelyextendedplains,andmorethanall,thatlittlevillagebelowzcontainingonlyaveryfewwhitehouses,butmorethanthoseyoungeyeshadeverseen."VOICEONE:Attheageoffour,Marybeganwalkingtothenearestschoolseveralkilometersaway.Later,shebeganspendingthreemonthsatatimewithfriendsandrelativessoshecouldattendotherareaschools.Shehelpedcleanandcooktopayforherstay.WhenMarywasthirteen,hermotherre-marriedandmovedtoanothertown.Marywaslefttocareforherolderbrotherwhoworkedonthefamilyfarm.Hepaidheradollaraweek.Shesavedittopayforhereducation.Mary'sloveoflearningwassostrongthatsheworkedandsavedhersmallamountofpaysoshecouldgotoschoolforanotherfewmonths.Marybeganherfirstteachingjobataone-roomlocalschoolteachingchildrenforthesummer.Shewasseventeenyearsold.Shewaspaidseventy-fivecentsaweek.Shealsowasgivenmealsandaplacetolive.MaryLyonwasnotaverysuccessfulteacheratfirst.Shedidnothavemuchcontroloverherstudents.Shealwayswasreadytolaughwiththem.Yetshesoonwontheirparents'respectwithherskills.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:WhenMaryLyonwastwentyyearsoldzshebeganalongperiodofstudyandteaching.AnewprivateschoolopenedinthevillageofAshfield,Massachusetts.ItwascalledSandersonAcademy.Maryreallywantedtoattend.Shesoldbookcoveringsshehadmade.Andsheusedeverythingshehadsavedfromherpayasateacher.ThiswasenoughforhertobeginattendingSandersonAcademy.AtSandersonzMarybegantostudymoredifficultsubjects.Theseincludedscience,historyandLatin.AfriendwhowenttoschoolwithMarywroteofher"gainingknowledgebyhandfuls."ItissaidthatMarymemorizedacompletebookabouttheLatinlanguageinthreedays.MarylaterwroteitwasatSandersonthatshereceivedthebaseofhereducation.VOICEONE:AfterayearatSandersonAcademy,Marydecidedthatherhandwritingwasnotgoodenoughtobereadclearly.Shewasatwenty-one-year-oldwoman.Butshewenttothelocalpublicschoolandsatamongthechildrensoshecouldlearnbetterwritingskills.InEighteen-Twenty-OnezMaryLyonwenttoanotherprivateschoolwhereshewastaughtbyReverendJosephEmerson.Marysaidhetalkedtowomen"asiftheyhadbrains."Shepraisedhisequaltreatmentofmenandwomenwhenitcametoeducatingthem.VOICETWO:ThreeyearsIaterzMaryLyonopenedaschoolforyoungwomeninthevillageofBuckland.ShecalledittheBucklandFemaleSeminary.Classeswereheldinaroomonthethirdfloorofahouse.Mary'sstudentspraisedherteaching.Sheproposednewwaysofteaching,includingholdingdiscussiongroupswherestudentsexchangeideas.MarysaiditwaswhileteachingatBucklandthatshefirstthoughtoffoundingaprivateschoolopentodaughtersoffarmersandskilledworkers.Shewantededucation,notprofits,tobethemostimportantthingabouttheschool.Atthattime,schoolsofhigherlearningusuallyweresupportedbypeopleinterestedinprofitsfromtheirinvestment.VOICEONE:InEighteen-Twenty-EightzMarybecamesickwithtyphoidfever.Whenherhealthimproved,shedecidedtoleaveBuckland,theschoolshehadstarted.Shejoinedaclosefriend,ZilpahGrant,whohadbegunanotherprivateschool,IpswichFemaleSeminary.AtIpswichzMarytaughtandwasresponsibleforone-hundred-thirtystudents.Itwasoneofthebestschoolsatthetime.Butitlackedfinancialsupport.Marysaidthelackofsupportwasbecauseof"goodmen'sfearofgreatnessinwomen,"ZilpahGrantandMaryLyonurgedthatIpswichbeprovidedbuildingssothattheschoolmightbecomepermanent.However,theirappealfailed.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MaryresignedfromIpswich.Shehelpedtoorganizeanotherprivateschoolforwomen,WheatonFemaleSeminaryinNorton,Massachusetts.ItopenedinEighteenThirty-Five.Shealsobegantoraisemoneyforherdreamofapermanent,non-profitschoolforthehighereducationofwomen.Thisschoolwouldownitsownproperty.Itwouldbeguidedbyanindependentgroupofdirectors.Itsfinanceswouldbetheresponsibilityofthedirectors,notOfinvestorsseekingprofit.Theschoolwouldnotdependonanyonepersontocontinue.And,thestudentswouldshareincleaningandcookingtokeepcostsdown.VOICEONE:MaryLyongotacommitteeofadviserstohelpherinplanningandbuildingtheschool.ShecollectedthefirstthousanddollarsfortheschoolfromwomeninandaroundthetownofIpswich.Atonepoint,sheevenlentthecommitteesomeofherownmoney.Shedidnotearnanymoneyuntilshebecameheadofthenewschool.MaryLyonopenedMountHolyokeSeminaryforWomeninEighteen-Thirty-Seven.ItwasinthetownofSouthHadleyzMassachusetts.Shehadraisedmorethantwelve-thousanddollars.Itwasenoughtobuildafive-storybuilding.Fourteachersandthefirstclassofeightyyoungwomenlivedandstudiedinthebuildingwhentheschoolopened.Bythenextyear,thenumberofstudentshadincreasedtoone-hundred-sixteen.Maryknewtheimportanceofwhathadbeenestablished-thefirstindependentschoolforthehighereducationofwomen.VOICETWO:Theschoolcontinuedtogrow.Morestudentsbegantoattend.Thesizeofthebuildingwasincreased.And,allofthestudentswererequiredtostudyforfouryearsinsteadofthree.MaryLyonwasheadoftheschoolforalmosttwelveyears.ShediedinEighteen-Forty-Nine.Shewasfifty-twoyearsold.Sheleftbehindaschoolofhighereducationforwomen.Ithadnodebt.Andithadsupportforthefutureprovidedbythousandsofdollarsingifts.InEighteen-Ninety-ThreezunderastateIawzMountHolyokeFemaleSeminarybecameacollege.MountHolyokeCollegewasthefirstcollegetoofferwomenthesamekindofeducationaswasofferedtomen.VOICEONE:PeoplewhohavestudiedMaryLyonsayshewasnotfightingabattleofequalitybetweenmenandwomen.Yetsheknewshewantedmoreforwomen.HereffortsledtothespreadofhighereducationforwomenintheUnitedStates.HistorianssayshewasthestrongestinfluenceontheeducationofAmericanyoungpeopleduringthemiddleofthenineteenthcentury.HerinfluencelastedasthemanystudentsfromMaryLyon'sschoolswentouttoteachothers.(THEME)VOICETWO:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyVivianBournazian.mShirleyGriffithVOICEONE:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekatthissametimeforanotherPeopleinAmericanprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.