美国名人 波卡洪塔斯.docx

美国名人波卡洪塔斯(印第安公主)Pocahontasplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByRochelleGollust2004-5-29(MUSIC)VOICEONE:PeopleinAmerica,aprograminSpecialEnglishontheVoiceofAmerica.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Shelivedalmostfour-hundredyearsagoinwhatbecametheAmericanstateOfVirginia.ShewasthefirstNativeAmericantomarryawhiteperson.mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmRayFreeman.Today,wetellaboutPocahontas,thedaughterofthechiefofthePowhatanPOW-a-tanIndiantribe.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Pocahontaswasborninfifteen-ninety-five.ShewasoneoftwentychildrenofChiefPowhatan.PowhatanruledagroupofmorethantwentyIndiantribesinterritorythatisnowtheeasternstateofVirginia.InSixteen-Oh-SevenztheVirginiacompanyinEnglandsentcoloniststosettlethelandthatlaterbecametheUnitedStatesofAmerica.TheleaderoftheEnglishsettlerswasJohnRatcliffe.HeclaimedthelandforKingJamesofEngland.HenamedthenewcolonyJamestownzVirginia.TheEnglishcolonistsdidnotknowthattheareaalreadywassettledbyIndians.VOICETWO:ThePowhatanIndianslivedintheareawheretheEnglishcolonistslanded.TheywerepartofalargegroupofAmericantribeswhospoketheAlgonquianlanguage.ThePowhatanshadlivedintheareaforalmostone-thousandyears.Theybuiltvillages.Theygrewbeanszcorn,squashandmelons.Theycreatedastrongpoliticalsystem,ledbypowerfulchiefslikePowhatan.Hispowerandwealthwereevident.Womenofthetribescontrolledthehousesandthefields.Theymadeclothingofanimalskinsandcontainersofclay.Menhuntedandfishedforfood.Bothmenandwomenworeearringsandotherobjectsmadeofshells,pearlsandcopper.TheyoungPocahontasoftenvisitedJamestownduringthecolony,sfirstmonths.Shewasabouttwelveyearsold.Thecolonistsknewherwell.Shebecameanimportantlinkbetweenthecolonistsandherfather,Powhatan.VOICEONE:TheIndians'culturewasverydifferentfromthatoftheEnglishsettlers.Thetwogroupsdidnotunderstandeachother.Themis-understandingsledtohostileincidentsbetweenthecolonistsandtheIndians.JohnSmithwasanexplorer,soldierandaleaderoftheJamestowncolony.Hewascapturedinsixteen-oh-sevenbyfollowersofPowhatan.CaptainSmithwroteaboutthisincidentinabookthatwaspublishedinsixteen-twenty-four.HewrotethatPocahontassavedhimfrombeingexecutedbyPowhatan.Thisstoryhasbeenrepeatedforhundredsofyears.ThisiswhatmostpeopleknowaboutPocahontas.VOICETWO:Mosthistorians,however,donotbelievethatPocahontassavedthelifeofJohnSmith.SomebelievethatCaptainSmithinventedthestoryafterreadingaboutasimilareventthattookplaceinFlorida.ThateventinvolvedacapturedSpanishexplorer,anIndianchiefandthechiefsdaughter.SomehistoriansdonotbelievethatJohnSmith'slifewasindanger.TheysaythatwhatCaptainSmiththoughtwastobehisexecutionwasreallyanIndianceremony.TheceremonywasmeanttoshowthatPowhatanacceptedSmithaspartofhistribe.HistorianssaytheIndianchiefwantedtomaketheEnglishcolonistshisallies.VOICEONE:AfterCaptainSmith'scapture,theIndiansandthecolonistsagreedtoatruce.PocahontasvisitedJamestownmoreoften.ShemaynothavereallysavedJohnSmith'slife.ButmostexpertsagreethatPocahontashelpedthecolonists.Shebroughtthemcornwhentheywerestarving.SheoncewassaidtohavewarnedthecolonistsaboutasurpriseattackbytheIndians.JohnSmithhadbeenwoundedduringhiscapture.HereturnedtoEngland.HostilitiesonceagainbrokeoutbetweentheIndiansandtheEnglishsettlers.Insixteen-elevenzThomasDalebecameactinggovernorofthecolony.HestartedanewaggressivepolicytowardtheIndians.Twoyearslater,anEnglishsoldier,SamuelArgallzkidnappedPocahontas.Shewasabouteighteenyearsold.ThecolonistskidnappedherbecausetheywantedtopreventmoreattacksbytheIndians.TheyalsowantedtoforcechiefPowhatantonegotiateapeaceagreement.VOICETWO:PocahontaslivedasahostageintheJamestownsettlementformorethanayear.Acolonist,JohnRolfe,taughtherEnglish.HealsotaughthertheChristianreligion.PocahontaswasthefirstNativeAmericantobecomeChristian.ShechangedhernametoRebecca.Insixteen-fourteen,shemarriedJohnRolfeinthechurchinJamestown.ShewasthefirstIndianwomantomarryawhiteman.Herhusbandbelievedthattheirmarriagewouldbegoodforthecolony.JohnRolfesaidhemarriedPocahontas"forthehonorofourcountry,forthegloryofGod."VOICEONE:GovernorDaleimmediatelyopenednegotiationswithPowhatan.Theresultwasaperiodofpeacethatlastedforabouteightyears.Pocahontas'husbandwasatobaccogrower.ShetaughthimtheIndianwayofplantingtobacco.Thismethodimprovedthetobaccocrop.TobaccolaterbecameAmerica'sfirstsuccessfulcrop.VOICETWO:Insixteen-fifteenzPocahontasandJohnRolfehadason.TheynamedhimThomas.ThenextyearPocahontasandherfamilysailedtoEnglandforavisit.InLondon,shewastreatedlikeafamousperson.ShewasofficiallypresentedtokingJamestheFirst.ShealsometJohnSmithagain.TheVirginiaCompanysaidhervisitprovedthatitwaspossibletohavegoodrelationsbetweentheEnglishcolonistsandtheIndians.ThecompanyurgedmorepeopletomovefromEnglandtotheVirginiacolony.PocahontashadherpicturepaintedwhilevisitingEngland.SheiswearingtheclothessheworewhenshemettheKing.TheyarethekindofclothesthatwerepopularinEnglandinthesixteen-hundreds.Thispictureistheonlyonethatreallyisofher.VOICEONE:PocahontasandherfamilystayedinEnglandforsevenmonths.TheypreparedtoreturntoJamestown.ButPocahontasbecamesickwithsmallpox.Shediedfromthedisease.ShewasburiedinGravesendzEngland.Shewastwenty-twoyearsold.Herson,ThomasRolfe,wasraisedinEngland.Whenhewastwenty,hereturnedtoVirginia.Helivedasasettlerinhismother'snativeland.Hemarriedandhadadaughter.ThroughThomasRolfezanumberoffamousVirginianshavefamilytiestoPocahontas.ThesefamiliesareproudtoclaimtheirtiestoPocahontas.Theycallher"Virginia'sFirstLady."VOICETWO:Pocahontasleftnowritingsofherown.TheonlyreportsaboutherfromthetimewerewrittenbyJohnSmith.Hisreportsmaynotallhavebeentrue.YetthestoryofherrescueofCaptainSmithbecameapopularfolkstory.AmericansknowthatPocahontasplayedapartintheearlyhistoryofVirginia.Theyrememberherbraveryandfriendship.AmericansalsorememberherforwhatsherepresentedasaNativeAmerican:thehopeofcloserelationsbetweenthewhitepeopleandtheIndians.VOICEONE:PocahontasishonoredintheUnitedStatesCapitolbuildinginWashington,D.C.Therearethreeartworksofherinthelarge,round,mainhallofthecapitol.TherearemorerepresentationsofherthananyotherAmericanexceptforthenation'sfirstpresident,GeorgeWashington.ThethreeartworksshowthepopularstoriesaboutPocahontas.OneisapaintingofPocahontastakingpartinareligiousceremonyinwhichshebecameaChristian.TwoothersshowhersavingthelifeofCaptainJohnSmith.VOICETWO:ManydifferentAmericangroupshaveusedthenameandsomeversionofapictureofPocahontas.WhalehuntersinthenineteenthcenturynamedshipsafterPocahontasinhonorofherbravery.Theyalsoputsmallstatuesofherontheirships.BoththeconfederateforcesintheSouthandtheUnionforcesintheNorthusedhernameorpictureduringtheAmericanCivilWar.ApictureofPocahontaswasontheflagofadivisionofConfederateforcescalledtheGuardoftheDaughtersofPowhatan.UnionforcesnamedawarshipaftertheIndianwoman.ManyAmericanwritershavewrittenaboutPocahontas.TheWaltDisneycompanyproducedapopularchildren'smovieabouther.VOICEONE:Today,visitorstotheJamestownsettlementinVirginiacanseewhatlifewaslikethereinthesixteen-hundreds.TheycanseecopiesoftheshipsthatbroughttheEnglishsettlers.AndtheycanseestatuesofthreeofthepeopleimportantinearlyAmerica:JohnSmith,ChiefPowhatanzandhisdaughterPocahontas.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mRayFreeman.VOICEONE:AndmShirleyGriffith.ListenagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.