美国名人 糖果商人 米尔顿-赫尔希.docx

美国名人糖果商人米尔顿赫尔希MiltonHersheyCreatedaSuccessfulBusinessandBuiltASweetTownplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:27repeatByNancySteinbach2006-6-17(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mBarbaraKlein.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeV.O.A.SpecialEnglishprogramPEOPLEINAMERICA.TodaywetellaboutMiltonHershey.HebuiltoneofthesweetesttownsintheUnitedStates.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MiltonSnavelyHersheywasbornineighteenfifty-sevenincentralPennsylvania.HismotherwasamemberoftheMennoniteChurch.Thereligiousgroupvaluedself-denialandcommunityservice.Hisfatherworkedatmanydifferentjobs.TheHersheyfamilymovedseveraltimesduringMilton'schildhood.Hisparentsdidnothaveahappymarriage.Theylivedseparatelyformuchoftheirlives.MissusHersheyfinallyrejectedherhusbandafteradaughterdiedineighteensixty-seven.VOICETWO:MiltonHersheystoppedattendingschoolwhenhewastwelveyearsold.HefirstwenttoworkasanassistantforamanwhopublishedaGermanlanguagenewspaper.Miltondidnotlikethejob.Hewasdismissedafterdroppinghishatintoamachine.MiltonthengotajobwithacandyandicecreammakerinthetownofLancaster.There,helearnedhowtomixsugarandwatertomakecandyproducts.Atthetime,Americancandymakersusedchocolatemainlytocovercandies.Reportssayitwasbittertastingandnotatalllikethetasteofchocolatetoday.VOICEONE:MiltonmovedtothecityofPhiladelphiawhenhewaseighteenyearsold.Hehadalreadylearnedallhecouldaboutcandyproduction.Hismotherandherfamilyofferedtohelphimsetupacandystore.Butthebusinessfailedaftersixyears.MiltondecidedtojoinhisfatherinthewesternstateofColorado.TheyoungerHersheyfoundajobwithacandymakerinDenver.There,heworkedwithakindofstickycandy:caramel.Healsolearnedtheimportanceofusingfreshmilkinmakinggoodcaramel.MiltonlaterattemptedcandybusinessesinChicagoandNewYorkCity.Butlikebefore,eachbusinessfailed.VOICETWO:MiltonreturnedtoLancaster.Mostfamilymembersconsideredhimafailure.Buthecontinuedtoreceivehelpfromhismother'ssisterandamanwhohadworkedatthePhiladelphiastore.Miltonbeganmakingcaramelshisownway-withfreshmilk.Hiscaramelsweresofterthanothersbeingsoldandlesssticky.Oneday,anEnglishimportertastedHershey'scaramelsandplacedalargeorder.SoontheLancasterCandyCompanywasasuccess.HersheybecameoneofPennsylvania'stopbusinessmen.HewassellinghiscandiesallacrosstheUnitedStatesandEurope.VOICEONE:ThingsbeganchangingforHersheyafterhevisitedtheChicagoWorld'sFairineighteenninety-three.AttheWorld'sFair;hesawchocolatemakingmachinesfromGermany.Hedecidedthatchocolatewasthefutureofthecandybusiness,andboughtthemachines.HehadthemmovedtoPennsylvania,andsoldtheLancasterCandyCompany.Hewasdevelopinganunusualplan-tobuildalargechocolatefactoryandatowntosupportit.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MichaelD'AntoniowroteabookaboutMiltonHershey.ItsaysHersheygottheideaforhistownfromtheCadburyfamilyinBritain.TheCadburysmadechocolates.Theyalsobuiltafactorysurroundedbyatown.ThebooksaysHersheydecidedtodothesame.Hepaidformanybuildingsinhistown.Hewantedtocreateaplacewherehisfactory'sworkerscouldowntheirownhouses.Inthisway,hepreventedHershey,Pennsylvaniafrombecomingafactorytowninwhichtheworkerswereforcedtopaytheiremployersforaplacetolive.Hershey'stownwasmodern.Ithadnicehouses,largepublicbuildings,andanelectricrailwaysystemforeasytransportation.Nearbyfarmsprovidedthechocolatefactorywithfreshmilkforitsproducts.VOICEONE:MiltonHersheyandhiscompanyfoundawaytomakelargeamountsofmilkchocolate.Thesecretwasusingfatfreemilkwiththeseedsofcacaotreesandheatingthemslowly.TheHersheyCandyCompanywasonitswaytosuccess.Mostofthecompany'sworkerslovedMiltonHershey.Hemadeitpossibleforthemtoearngoodwagesandlivewell.Thebook"Hershey"sayshesometimessharedthecompany'sfinancialsuccesswiththem.YetMiltonHersheywasnotalwaysfair.WriterMichaelD'Antoniosaysnoteveryonewashappylivinginaplacewhereonemanandhiscompanyattemptedtocontrolsomuch.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MiltonHersheydidnotmarryuntilhewasoverfortyyearsold.HesurprisedhisfamilywhenhemarriedCatherineSweeneyineighteenninety-eight.Somemembersofhisfamilydidnotapproveofher.ShewasaRomanCatholicfromNewYorkState.Miltoncalledher,Kitty.TheHersheysfirstlivedinLancaster.Theylatermovedtoalargehousenearthefactory.Thelandaroundthehousewasknownforitsmanyflowersandplants.CatherineHersheywassickformuchofhermarriedlife.Shediedinnineteenfifteenattheageofforty-two.VOICEONE:TheHersheyswereunabletohavechildren,sotheydecidedtohelpneedychildrenbycreatingaschoolforthem.MiltonHersheysaidtheschoolhadbeenhiswife'sidea.Shereportedlywantedtoprovideasafeplaceforthoseinneedofagoodhomeandabetterchanceinlife.Innineteen-oh-nine,theHersheyscreatedtheHersheyIndustrialSchoolforboyswhohadlostoneorbothparents.Theyestablishedaspeciallegalagreement,ortrust,toprovidemoneyfortheschool.Theygavenearlytwohundredhectaresoffarmlandtothetrust.Atfirst,tenwhiteboysattendedtheschool.Butmoreandmoreboysattendedastimewenton.Theschoolprovidedtheboyswithagoodeducationandfarmingskills.VOICETWO:Afterhiswifedied,HersheygaveHersheyChocolateCompanystockshareswithavalueofsixtymilliondollarstothetrust.Thismoneymadeitpossiblefortheschooltoexpand.AfterHersheydied,thenameoftheschoolwaschangedtotheMiltonHersheySchool.Later,theschoolopeneditsdoorstoboysandgirlsofallracesandreligions.Today,theMiltonHersheySchoolhasmorethanonehundredstudenthomes.Eachhasthelatesttechnologicalequipment,includingcomputers.Amanandhiswifeliveineachhouse.Theyserveasparentstoeighttotenstudents.Intwothousand-six,theMiltonHersheySchooleducatedaboutonethousandthreehundredstudents.And,thegiftfirstmadebyMiltonHersheyhasgrowntomorethanfivethousandmilliondollars.VOICEONE:ManyAmericansexperiencedeconomichardshipduringtheGreatDepressionofthenineteenthirties.ButMiltonHersheyputmanypeopletoworkinthetownbybuildingalargehotelandasportscenter.Healsocreatedanot-for-profitorganizationtoprovideeducationandculturetothelocaltownspeople.ThisorganizationcontinuestosupporttheHersheyTheaterandotherculturalcentersinthearea.Intheearlynineteensixties,theMiltonHersheySchoolTrustgavemoneyandlandtothePennsylvaniaStateUniversityforamedicalcenter.ThePennStateMiltonS.HersheyMedicalCenteropenedinnineteensixty-seven.Today,ithasfivethousandemployees.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MiltonHersheydiedinnineteenforty-five.Heleftbehindthecompany,thetown,theschoolandthetrustthatsupportsit.Atthetimeofhisdeath,thecompanyhebuiltissaidtohaveproducedaboutninetypercentofallthemilkchocolatemadeintheUnitedStates.Intwothousandtwo,officialsoftheMiltonHersheySchoolTrustannouncedplanstosellthecompany.Theysaidtheywantedtohelpprotectthefinancesoftheschool.TownspeopleandothersinPennsylvaniademonstratedagainstthesale.TheysaiditwoulddestroythetownHersheyhadworkedsohardtocreate.FormerstudentsattheMiltonHersheySchoolalsoworkedagainstthesale.Intheend,thesalewasnotcompleted.VOICEONE:Today,Hershe½PennsylvaniaisunlikeanyothertownintheUnitedStates.ThestreetlightsareshapedlikethecandycalledHershey'sKisses.Theairthereoftensmellslikechocolate.Millionsofpeoplecomeeveryyeartostopatavisitor'scenternearthefactory,stayattheHersheyHotel,andenjoytheHersheyAmusementPark.MiltonHersheywasnotaperfectman.ButhemayalwaysseemthatwaytothousandsofpeopleinPennsylvania.Theysaytheyliveinthesweetesttowninthecountry.VOICETWO:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyNancySteinbach.LawanDaviswasourproducer.I'mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmBarbaraKleininvitingyoutojoinusnextweekatthistimeforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.