美国名人 歌手词作家 伍迪格斯里 2.docx

美国名人歌手，词作家伍迪格斯里2'ThisLandIsYourLand':TheLife,MusicandPoliticsofWoodyGuthrieplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:58repeatByShelleyGollust2006-8-12VOICEONE:mMaryTillotson.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,wecompleteourstoryaboutsongwriterandsingerWoodyGuthrie.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:WoodyGuthriegrewupinOklahomaandTexasduringthenineteentwenties.Ashorttimelater;manyfarmsinthesestatesfailed.Extremedryweatherruinedthesoil.ThisareabecameknownastheDustBowl.1.ikemanypeople,WoodyleftforCaliforniatofindwork.However,manypeoplecouldonlyfindworkonfarmsgatheringfruitorothercrops.Theseworkersoftenlivedincampswithpoorconditions.Woodyvisitedthesefarmworkercamps.Heplayedhisguitarandsangsongshewrotethatdescribedtheconditionsatthecamphewasvisiting.VOICETWO:1.aborunionorganizersinCaliforniafoundWoodyGuthrieusefultotheircause.TheyurgedhimtogotoNewYorkCitytomakerecordingsofhissongs.WoodylikedtheideaandleftCaliforniaforNewYorkCityinnineteenforty.TherehemetAlanLomax,anexpertonAmerica'straditionalmusic.LomaxworkedfortheUnitedStatesLibraryofCongressinWashington,D.C.HecollectedandrecordedtraditionalAmericanfolkmusic.WhenheheardWoodysing,LomaxknewhehadfoundatruesingerOfAmericanfolkmusic.VOICEONE:AlanLomaxrecordedmanyofWoody'ssongsfortheLibraryofCongress.HealsohelpedWoodyfindworkinNewYork.OnecompanyagreedtorecordsomeofWoody'ssongs.Therecordhemadewascalled"DustBowlBallads."Thesongstoldstoriesofpeoplewhohadlosttheirland.ManymusiccriticspraisedWoodyandthesongshewrote.1.omaxalsohelpedWoodygetajobwithCBSRadio.HesangandplayedfolkmusiconaradioprogramthatwasbroadcastacrosstheUnitedStates.VOICETWO:Woodyandseveralothermusiciansjoinedtogethertowritepoliticalprotestsongs.OneofthesewasPeteSeeger.WoodywroteperformedwithagroupcalledtheAlmanacSingers.Later,somemembersofthegroupformedthefolksinginggroupcalledtheWeavers.ItwasduringthistimeinNewYorkthatWoodywrotewhatbecamehismostfamoussong,"ThisLandisYourLand."HedescribedthebeautyandrichnessofAmericathathehadseenduringhistravels.HebelievedAmericashouldbeaplacethatbelongstorichandpoorpeoplealike.Thefirstversionofhissongexpressedoppositiontoprivateproperty.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteenforty-one,theInteriorDepartmentaskedWoodyGuthrietowritesongssupportingthebuildingoftheBonnevilleDamontheColumbiaRiverinWashingtonstate.Hewrotetwenty-sixsongsinamonth.Thebestknownoftheseis"RollOnColumbia."(MUSIC)VOICETWO:WoodyGuthriewroteabookabouthisearlyHfeinOklahomaandTexas.Itwaspublishedinnineteenforty-three.Hecalledit"BoundforGlory."Hedescribedhischildhood,andthepainofwatchinghismotherslowlybecominginsane.HealsowroteabouthistravelsandtheneedypeoplehesawinmanypartsofAmerica.Onebookcriticwrote:"Someday,peoplearegoingtowakeupandrealizethatWoodyGuthrieandhissongsareanationaltreasure,liketheYellowstoneorYosemiteparks."VOICEONE:DuringWorldWarTwo,WoodyjoinedAmerica'sMerchantMarine.TheMerchantMarinetransportedsoldiersandsuppliesacrosstheAtlanticOceantoEurope.Later;WoodyservedintheArmy.HereturnedtoNewYorkwhenthewarended.Woody'swifehadlefthimafewyearsearlier.Innineteenforty-five,hemarriedMarjorieMazia.ShewasadancerwiththeMarthaGrahamdancegroup.WoodyandMarjoriehadadaughternamedCathyAnn.Innineteenfifty,Woodybeganwritingsongsforchildren.Thesebecameverypopular.Hereisonecalled"RidinginMyCar."Itshowshissenseoffunandhumor.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Oneday,whileWoodyandMarjoriewereaway,afirestartedintheirhouse.TheirdaughterCathyAnnwasseverelyburned.Shediedthenextday.Woodywascrushedbyherdeath.Herememberedhowhissisterhaddiedthesameway.HewasneverthesameafterCathyAnndied.Hehadtroubleearningmoney.Hebegandrinkingalcohol.WoodyandMarjoriehadseveralmorechildrenafterCathyAnn'sdeath.Buttheirmarriageended.WoodyGuthriebegannotingsomethingstrangeabouthimself.Hefoundthatthewordshewroteoftendidnotmakesense.Andhehadsuddenattacksofuncontrollableshaking.Innineteenfifty-two,doctorsconfirmedhisworstfears.HehadHuntington'schorea,thesamediseaseofthebrainandnervoussystemthathadkilledhismother.WoodyGuthriewasfortyyearsold.VOICEONE:Therewasnotreatmentforthedisease.Hisconditiongotworse.Innineteenfifty-four;WoodyGuthrietraveledonemoretimeacrossAmerica.Hewantedtoseetheplaceswherehehadlivedandtheworkers'campswherehehadsung.Oldfriendshadtroublerecognizinghim.Insteadofayoungmanfulloflife,theysawanoldmanwhocouldnotspeakclearlyorcontrolhisshaking.Finally,heenteredahospitalbecausehecouldnolongercareforhimself.Butwhileheseemedtobeforgotten,hismusicwasnot.Bythelatenineteenfifties,folkmusicbecamepopularagainintheUnitedStates.MoreAmericansbeganlisteningandplayingthesongsofWoodyGuthrie.Youngfolksingers,likeBobDylan,cametoNewYorktovisitWoodyinthehospital.DylanandotherscopiedthewayWoodysangandplayedtheguitar.AndlikeWoody,theywroteprotestsongsthatcalledforsocialandpoliticaljustice.VOICETWO:WoodyGuthrieremainedinthehospitaluntilhediedinnineteensixty-seven.Hisfamilyandfriendsvisitedhimeachweek.Inthelastyearsofhislife,Woodycouldhardlyspeak.Buthisfamilyandfriendsknewhestillbelievedinthecauseshehadsungandwrittenaboutallhislife.Theyknewthisbecausewhentheysanghissongs,Woody'seyeswouldbecomebrighterandhisdefiantspiritwouldshinethrough.(MUSIC:"HardTraveIin'")VOICEONE:ThisVOASpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyPaulThompson.mMaryTillotson.VOICETWO:AndI'mSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.