美国名人 娜丽·布莱.docx

美国名人娜丽布莱NellieBlyplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByNancySteinbach2004-6-19Broacast:June20,2004(THEME)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmRayFreemanwiththeSpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleinAmerica.EveryweekwetellaboutapersonimportantinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.Today,wetellaboutareporterofmorethanone-hundredyearsago.(THEME)VOICEONE:Theyearwaseighteen-eighty-seven.TheplacewasNewYorkCity.Ayoungwoman,ElizabethCochrane,wantedajobatalargenewspaper.Theeditoragreed,ifshewouldinvestigateahospitalforpeoplewhowerementallysickandthenwriteaboutit.ElizabethCochranedecidedtobecomeapatientinthehospitalherself.SheusedthenameNellieBrownsonoonewoulddiscoverherorherpurpose.Newspaperofficialssaidtheywouldgetherreleasedafterawhile.Toprepare,Nellieputonoldclothesandstoppedwashing.Shewenttoatemporaryhomeforwomen.Sheactedasifshehadseverementalproblems.Shecriedandscreamedandstayedawakeallnight.Thepolicewerecalled.Shewasexaminedbydoctors.Mostsaidshewasinsane.VOICETWO:NellieBrownwastakentothementalhospital.Itwasdirty.Wastematerialwasleftoutsidetheeatingroom.Bugsranacrossthetables.Thefoodwasterrible-hardbreadandgray-coloredmeat.Nursesbathedthepatientsincoldwaterandgavethemonlyathinpieceofclothtoweartobed.Duringthedayzthepatientsdidnothingbutsitquietly.Theyhadtotalkinquietvoices.YetzNelliegottoknowsomeofthem.Somewerewomenwhosefamilieshadputtheminthehospitalbecausetheyhadbeentoosicktowork.Somewerewomenwhohadappearedinsanebecausetheyweresickwithfever.Nowtheywerewell,buttheycouldnotgetout.Nellierecognizedthatthedoctorsandnurseshadnointerestinthepatients'mentalhealth.Theywerepaidtokeepthepatientsinakindofjail.Nelliestayedinthehospitalfortendays.Thenalawyerfromthenewspapergotherreleased.VOICEONE:FivedaysIaterzthestoryofElizabethCochrane'sexperienceinthehospitalappearedintheNewYorkWorldnewspaper.Readerswereshocked.Theywrotetoofficialsofthecityandthehospitalprotestingtheconditionsandpatienttreatment.Aninvestigationledtochangesatthehospital.ElizabethCochranehadmadeadifferenceinthelivesofthepeoplethere.Shemadeadifferenceinherownlifetoo.ShegotherjobattheNewYorkWorld.Andshewroteabookaboutherexperienceatthehospital.ShedidnotwriteitasNellieBrownzhowever,orasElizabethCochrane.Shewroteitunderthenamethatalwaysappearedonhernewspaperstories:NellieBly.VOICETWO:ThechildwhowouldgrowuptobecomeNellieBlywasbornduringtheCivilWar,ineighteen-sixty-four,inwesternPennsylvania.HerfamilycalledherPink.Herfatherwasajudge.Hediedwhenshewassixyearsold.Hermothermarriedagain.Buthernewhusbanddranktoomuchalcoholandbeather.Shegotadivorceineighteen-seventy-ninezwhenPinkwasfifteenyearsold.Pinkdecidedtolearntosupportherselfsoshewouldneverneedaman.Pink,hermother,brothersandsistersmovedtoatownnearthecityofPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Pinkworkedatdifferentjobsbutcouldnotfindagoodone.Oneday,shereadsomethinginthePittsburghDispatchnewspaper.Theeditorofthepaper,ErasmusWilson,wrotethatitwaswrongforwomentogetjobs.Hesaidmenshouldhavethem.Pinkwrotethenewspapertodisagree.Shesaidshehadbeenlookingforagoodjobforaboutfouryears,asshehadnofatherorhusbandtosupporther.Shesignedit"OrphanGirl".VOICEONE:Theeditorsofthedispatchlikedherletter.Theyputanoteinthepaperasking"OrphanGirl"tovisit.Pinkdid.MisterWilsonofferedherajob.Hesaidshecouldnotsignherstorieswithherrealname,becausenowomanwriterdidthat.Heaskednewswritersforsuggestions.OnewasNellieBlyzthenameofagirlinapopularsong.SoPinkbecameNellieBly.Forninemonths,shewrotestoriesofinteresttowomen.Thensheleftthenewspaperbecauseshewasnotpermittedtowritewhatshewanted.ShewenttoMexicotofindexcitement.Shestayedtheresixmonths,sendingstoriestotheDispatchtobepublished.SoonaftershereturnedtothePittsburghDispatch,shedecidedtolookforanotherjob.NellieBlyleftforNewYorkCityandbeganherjobattheNewYorkWorld.VOICETWO:AsareporterfortheNewYorkWorld,NellieBlyinvestigatedandwroteaboutillegalactivitiesinthecity.Foronestoryzsheactedasifshewasamotherwillingtosellherbaby.Foranother,shepretendedtobeawomanwhocleanedhousessoshecouldreportaboutillegalactivitiesinemploymentagencies.Today,anewspaperreporterusuallydoesnotpretendtobesomeoneelsetogetinformationforastory.Mostnewspapersbansuchacts.ButinNellieBly'sday,reportersusedanymethodtogetinformation,especiallyiftheyweretryingtodiscoverpeopleguiltyofdoingsomethingwrong.NellieBly'ssuccessatthislednewspaperstoemploymorewomen.Butshewasthemostpopularofthewomenwriters.HistoryexpertssayNellieBlywasspecialbecausesheincludedherownideasandfeelingsineverythingshewrote.Theysayherownvoiceseemedtospeakonthepage.NellieBly'sstoriesalwaysprovideddetaileddescriptions.Andherstoriesalwaystriedtoimprovesociety.CriticssaidNellieBlywasanexampleofwhatareportercandozeventoday.Shesaweverysituationasachancetomakearealdifferenceinotherpeople'slivesaswellasherown.VOICEONE:NellieBlymaybebestrememberedinhistoryforatripshetook.Intheeighteen-seventies,FrenchwriterJulesVernewrotethebook"AroundtheWorldinEightyDays."Ittoldofaman'sattempttotravelallaroundtheworld.Hesucceeded.Inreallife,noonehadtried.Byeighteen-eighty-eightzanumberofreporterswantedtodoit.NellieBlytoldhereditorsshewouldgoeveniftheydidnothelpher.Buttheydid.VOICETWO:NellieBlyleftNewYorkforFranceonNovemberfourteenth,eighteen-eighty-nine.ShemetJulesVerneathishomeinFrance.Shetoldhimaboutherplanstotravelalonebytrainandshiparoundtheworld.FromFranceshewenttoItalyandEgypt,throughSouthAsiatoSingaporeandJapan,thentoSanFranciscoandbacktoNewYork.NellieBly,stripcreatedmoreinterestinJulesVerne'sbook.Beforethetripwasover,"AroundtheWorldinEightyDays"waspublishedagain.AndatheaterinParishadplanstoproduceastageplayofthebook.VOICEONE:BackhomeinNewYork,theWorldwaspublishingthestoriesBlywrotewhiletravelling.Ondayswhenthemailbroughtnostoryfromher,theeditorsstillfoundsomethingtowriteaboutit.TheypublishednewsongswrittenaboutBlyandnewgamesbasedonhertrip.Thenewspaperannouncedacompetitiontoguesshowlonghertripwouldtake.TheprizewasafreetriptoEurope.ByDecembersecond,aboutone-hundred-thousandreadershadsentintheirestimates.NellieBlyarrivedbackwhereshestartedonJanuarytwenty-fifth,eighteen-ninety.Ithadtakenherseventy-sixdays,sixhours,elevenminutesandfourteenseconds.Shewastwenty-fiveyearsold.Andshewasfamousaroundtheworld.VOICETWO:ElizabethCochranediedinNewYorkinnineteen-twenty-two.Shewasfifty-eightyearsold.Intheyearssinceherfamoustrip,shehadmarried,andheadedabusiness.Shealsohadhelpedpoorandhomelesschildren.AndshehadcontinuedtowriteallherlifefornewspapersandmagazinesasNellieBly.Onenewspaperofficialwrotethisaboutherafterherdeath:"NellieBlywasthebestreporterinAmerica.Moreimportantistheworkofwhichtheworldknewnothing.Shediedleavinglittlemoney.Whatshehadwaspromisedtotakecareofchildrenwithouthomes,forwhomshewishedtoprovide.Herlifewasuseful.ShetakeswithherfromthisEarthallthatshecaredabout-anhonorablename,therespectandaffectionofherfellowworkers,thememoryofgoodfightswellfoughtandmanygooddeedsnevertobeforgotten.Happythemanorwomanthatcanleaveasgoodarecord."(THEME)VOICEONE:ThisVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleinAmerica,waswrittenbyNancySteinbach.YournarratorswereShirleyGriffithandRayFreeman.