美国名人 歌手词作家 伍迪格斯里 1.docx

美国名人歌手，词作家伍迪格斯里1WoodyGuthrie:SingingtheSongsof"DustBowlRefugees"playstopmutemaxvolume00:00-16:42repeatByShelleyGollust2006-8-5VOICEONE:mMaryTillotson.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,webeginatwo-partstoryaboutsongwriterandsingerWoodyGuthrie.Hewrotesongsaboutcommonpeopleandsocialissuesinthenineteenthirties.Hismusicinfluencedmanypeople.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ImagineyouareinAmericainthenineteenthirties.Atrainpassesthroughthecountryside.Itisnighttime.Andtheonlysoundthatcanbeheardisthelong,lonelywhistlecomingfromthetrain'sengine.Insidethetrain'sboxcarsaregroupsofmensittingorlyingonthefloors.Themenaredirtyandtheirclothingistorn.Inoneboxcar,ashortmanwithlong,curlybrownhairisplayingaguitarandsinging.HisnameisWoodyGuthrie.Heissingingasongaboutmenwholookforworkastheytravelfromtowntotown.(MUSIC:"IAin'tGotNoHome")VOICETWO:WoodrowWilsonGuthriewasborninnineteentwelveintheAmericanstateofOklahoma.TheGuthriefamilylivedinasmallfarmingtowncalledOkemah.Woody'sfather,Charles,wasabusinessmanwhoboughtandsoldland.Woody'smother,Nora,wasaschoolteacher.Shealsolikedtoplaythepianoandsing.WhenWoodywasyoung,hismothersanghimsongsshehadlearnedasagirl.Thesesongstoldstoriesaboutloveanddeathanddifficulttimes.VOICEONE:Woody'searlyyearswerehappyones.Buthislifebegantochangewhenhewasonlytenyearsold.Oneday,hissister;Clara,spilledoilonherdressandaccidentallysetherselfonfire.Shediedthenextday.Woodyneverforgotherdeath.Astimepassed,Woody'smotherbeganactingstrangely.Shelostcontroloverheractionsandspeech.Manypeoplethoughtshewasinsane.BecauseofthisztheGuthriefamilybecamemoreprivateastheyattemptedtohideNora'sproblems.Thelossofhisdaughterandhiswife'ssufferingruinedCharlesGuthrie.Hebegandrinkingalcohol.Hisbusinesssoonfailed.TheGuthriefamilyleftOkemahandlivedinseveraltownsinOklahomaandTexas.YoungWoodyoftenhadtoworkinsteadofattendingschoolbecausehisfamilywaspoor.VOICETWO:ThefirstmusicalinstrumentWoodylearnedtoplaywastheharmonica.Helearnedtoplaytheharmonicabywatchinganoldmanplaytheinstrument.Woodylearnedhowtoplaytheguitarbywatchinghisfather'sbrotherplay.Inthenineteentwenties,WoodywaslivinginthetownofPampa,Texas.Pampawasknownasa"boomtown"becauseithadgrownquicklyafteroilwasdiscoverednearby.Onweekends,Woodyjoinedotheryoungmentoplaymusicatdancesinthetown.Yearslater,Woodydescribedwhatsingingmeanttohim:"Whenyousingasong,itreachesoutandenterspeople'sears.Itmakesthemjumpupanddown,andsingitwithyou.Thebestpartaboutsingingisthatyoucansingwhatyouthink.Youcantellallkindsofstoriesinasong,andputyourideasacrosstoanotherperson."VOICEONE:Woodylikedtocommunicatewithotherpeoplethroughhismusic.Yethedidnotliketosaymuchabouthimself.Onereasonforthiswasthathedidnotwantpeopletoknowthathismotherwasinahospitalforinsanepeople.NoraGuthriesufferedfromHuntington'sChoreazadiseasethatdestroysthebrainandnervoussystem.Woodyknewthatsomedayhealsomightdevelopthedisease.Hewasseventeenyearsoldwhenhismotherdied,innineteentwenty-nine.ThatwastheyearwhentheeconomyoftheUnitedStatesbegantoslowdown.Overthenextseveralyears,manyAmericanslosttheirjobs.TheperiodbecameknownastheGreatDepression.InPampaztheoilfieldsdriedup.Farmsinmanyareasfailedbecauselittleornorainfellforseveralyears.Thelandbecamesodrythatwindeasilyblewawaythetopsoil.TheseareasofTexas,OklahomaandotherstatesbecameknownastheDustBowl.VOICETWO:1.ikemanyotherpeople,WoodyGuthrieleftPampatotravelaroundTexasandtheSouthwestlookingforwork.Heoftenmadetripsbytrain.Butbecausehehadnomoney,hewouldjumponthetrain'sboxcarsandrideforfree.Thiswasoftendangerous,becauseguardsonthetrainwouldthrowthemenofforarrestthem.However,Woodyfoundthislifeexciting.OneofthefirstsongshewrotewasaboutleavinghomeandfleeingtheDustBowl.(MUSIC:"SoLong,It'sBeenGoodtoKnowYou")VOICEONE:WoodyGuthriemarriedMaryJenningsinnineteenthirty-three.Theyhadthreechildren.Threeyearslater,WoodylefthisfamilyandtraveledtoCalifornia.Hemetmanykindsofpeopleduringhistravels.Healsolearnedsongsfrommanydifferentpartsofthecountry.Yetwhataffectedhimmostwasthesufferinghesaw.Hesaid:"WhenIsawhard-workingpeoplesufferingunderdebts,sicknessandworries,Iknewtherewasplentytomakeupsongsabout."VOICETWO:InCalifornia,Woodyearnedmoneybyplayinghisguitarandsinging.Later,hebeganperformingonaradioprogramwithafriend,MaxineCrissman.ShewascalledLeftyLou.TheyhadoneofthemostpopularradioprogramsinLosAngeles.TheysangsongsWoodyhadwrittenaboutsocialissues.HisbestsongswereaboutthetroublesAmericansfacedduringtheDepression.Thissongisaboutthedangersofcoalmining.Itiscalled"TheDyingMiner."(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteenthirty-eight,WoodyGuthrielefttheradioprogramtotravelaroundCalifornia.HefoundthatconditionshadbecomeworseformanypeoplewhohadlosttheirlandandfledtheDustBowl.Mostofthese"DustBowlrefugees"couldonlyfindseasonalfarmworklikegatheringfruitfromtrees.Farmownersdidnotpaytheseworkersmuchmoney.Theworkerslivedincampsthatwereoftendirtyandhadnorunningwater.Hungerandsicknesswerewidespread.Thepeopleinthecampsseemedtohavelostallhopeofimprovingtheirlives.Woodywroteasongaboutthemcalled"DustBowlRefugees."(MUSIC)Theoppressionandbadconditionsintheworkers'campsmadeWoodyGuthrieangry.Hebeganhelpinglabororganizersestablishunionstohelptheworkers.Nextweek,wetellabouthowhetraveledtoNewYorkCityandbecameawell-knownmusician.(MUSIC:InstrumentalVersionof"ThisLandisYourLand")VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyPaulThompson.mMaryTillotson.VOICETWO:AndI'mSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.