美国名人 作家 埃德加·爱伦·坡.docx

美国名人作家埃德加爱伦坡HalloweenisagoodtimetocelebratethestoriesofEdgarAllanPoeplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-16:55repeatByShelleyGollust2005-10-29(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmFaithLapiduswithPEOPLEINAMERICAfromVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wetellaboutEdgarAllanPoe,anineteenthcenturyAmericanwriter.Hisstoriesandpoemsweresomeofthemostfrighteningandstrangeeverwritten.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:AmericanscelebrateHalloweenonOctoberthirty-first.Itismostlyaholidayforchildren,wholiketobefrightened.YetmanygrownpeopleobserveHalloween,too.ThosewholovethewritingsofEdgarAllanPoethinkPoeismostfamousforhisstoriesandpoemsofstrangeness,mysteryandterror.VOICETWO:EdgarAllanPoediedinthecityofBaltimore,Marylandineighteenforty-nine.Now,inthatcity,anunusualpartytakesplaceeveryHalloween.Inthedarkofnight,visitorsgotothegroundsofWestminsterPresbyterianChurchwherePoeisburied.Everythingisquiet.Thenavoicecallsout.ItisPoe!No,itisjustanactor,readingPoe'swork.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ReadingstorieswasoneofthemostimportantformsofenjoymentinEdgarAllanPoe'stime.Poecreatedmanyofthese"shortstories,"Theyappearedindifferentpublications.HorrorstoriesalreadywerepopularwhenPoebeganwriting.Criticssayhewrotetheperfecthorrorstory.Poealsowrotedetectivestories.Theseweremysteriesaboutcrimes,suchasmurder.Aninvestigatorcalledadetectivesolvesthemysteries.Thedetectiveisabletofindimportant,hiddenmeaningsinfacts.ThehorroranddetectivestoriesPoecreatedremainpopularinbooksandmovies.VOICETWO:EdgarAllanPoe'sworkisnoteasytoread.Hislanguageisdifficulttounderstandtoday.Andmostofhiswritingdescribesveryunpleasantsituationsandevents.Hisstory"ThePitandthePendulum,"forexample,isaboutthementaltortureofaprisoner.Eachtimetheprisonersaveshimselffromdeath,anewandmorehorribleformofdeaththreatenshim.Anotherstoryis"TheMasqueoftheRedDeath."Init,aterribledisease-theRedDeath-haskilledhalfthepopulationofacountry.Therulerofthecountryshutshiscastleagainstthedisease.Heandhiswealthyfriendsareinside.Theypassthetimebyhavingparties.TheybelievetheRedDeathwillnotfindthem.Butitdoes.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:EdgarPoewasbornineighteen-oh-nineinBoston,Massachusetts.Hisparentswereactors.Atthattime,actorswerenotacceptedbythebestsociety.Edgarwasababywhenhisfatherleftthefamily.Hewastwoyearsoldwhenhismotherdied.Hewastakenintothehomeofawealthybusinessman,JohnAllan.Hethenreceivedhisnewname-EdgarAllanPoe.JohnAllanneverofficiallymadeEdgarhisson.Infact,hecametodislikehimstrongly.EdgarattendedschoolsinEnglandandinRichmond,Virginia.AsayoungmanzheattendedtheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville.Hewasagoodstudent.HewasamemberoftheJeffersonLiterarySociety.Buthelikedtodrinkalcoholandplaycardgamesformoney.Edgarwasnotagoodplayer.Helostmoneyhedidnothave.JohnAllanrefusedtopayEdgar'sgamblinglosses.HealsorefusedtoletEdgarcontinueattheuniversity.So,EdgarwenttoBostonandbeganworkingasawriterandeditorformonthlymagazines.Healsoservedinthearmyfortwoyears.VOICETWO:EdgarAllanPoeworkedhard.Hebecameasuccessfuleditor.Hepublishedthreebooksofpoetry.Healsobeganwritingstories.FiveofhisstorieswereprintedinapublicationinPhiladelphia,Pennsylvaniaineighteenthirty-two.Yethewasnotwellpaid.Hislifewasdifficult.Hewaspoor,andhewastroubledbysicknessesofthebodyandmind.Poesufferedfromdepression.Hefearedhewasinsane.Hedrankalcoholtoescapehisfears.Thealcoholhadaverybadeffectonhim.VOICEONE:Ineighteenthirty-five,PoebeganeditingtheSouthernLiteraryMessengerinRichmond,Virginia.Thefollowingyear,attheageoftwenty-seven,hemarriedVirginiaClemm.Shewasthedaughterofhisfather'ssister.Shewasonlythirteenyearsold.PoeandhiswifemovedoftenashefoundworkatmagazinesandnewspapersinPhiladelphiaandNewYork.Foratime,itseemedthatPoewouldfindsomehappiness.Buthiswifewassickformostoftheirmarriage.Shediedineighteenforty-seven.Afterhiswife'sdeath,Poe'sproblemswithalcoholincreased.Hediedtwoyearslater;attheageofforty.HewasfounddeadinBaltimoreafterdaysofheavydrinking.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Throughallhiscrises,EdgarAllanPoeproducedmanystories,poems,andworksofcriticism.Someofhisstorieswonprizes.Yethedidnotbecomefamousuntileighteenforty-five.Thatwaswhenhispoem"TheRaven"waspublished.ThereisnoquestionthatPoesufferedfromemotionalproblems.OnecriticsaidPoe'sspiritwastorn.HesaidPoe'sstorieswereoftenabouthisowndividednature.Eachpersoninhisstoriesshowedadifferentsideofthewriter.Thereisaquestion,however,aboutPoe'simportance.SomecriticssaidhewasoneofAmerica'sbestwriters.Othersdisagreed.VOICEONE:OnecriticsaidPoediscoveredanewartisticuniverse-auniverseofdreams.Itwasaplacewherethelinebetweenrealityandunrealityisextremelythin.EventhosewhopraisedPoeagreedthattherearemanydifficultiesinhiswork.ThesedifficultiesplacePoe'swritingoutsidethemainbodyofAmericanliterature.MostAmericanwritingisrealistic.Poe'sinterestsandwayofwritingwerenotrealisticatall.Poe'sworkhasbeenpraisedmostinFrance.HehadagreatinfluenceonmanyFrenchwriters.VOICETWO:Poe'sbest-knownpoemis"TheRaven."Somepeopleloveit.Theysayitislikemusic.Othershateit.Theysayitsoundsforcedandunnatural-likebadmusic."TheRaven"isaboutamanwhosegreatIovezLenore,hasdied.Sheisgoneforever.Butthemancannotacceptthatallhappinessisgone.Hesitsaloneamonghisbookslateatnight.Hehearsanoiseatthewindow.Hereisthebeginningofthepoem:READER:Onceuponamidnightdreary,whileIpondered,weakandweary,Overmanyaquaintandcuriousvolumeofforgottenlore-WhileInodded,nearlynapping,suddenlytherecameatapping,Asofsomeonegentlyrapping-rappingatmychamberdoor.'nTissomevisitor,"Imuttered,"tappingatmychamberdoor-Onlythisandnothingmore."VOICETWO:Themanlooksoutthewindowandseesonlyblackness.READER:Deepintothatdarknesspeering,longIstoodtherewondering,fearing,Doubting,dreamingdreamsnomortaleverdaredtodreambefore;Butthesilencewasunbroken,andthestillnessgavenotoken,Andtheonlywordtherespokenwasthewhisperedword,"Lenore!"ThisIwhispered,andanechomurmuredbacktheword,"Lenore!"Merelythisandnothingmore.VOICETWO:Butthereissomethingatthewindow.Itisalargeblackbird-araven.Itcomesintotheroomlikethespiritofdeathandhopelessness.Itsitsonasmallstatueabovethedoor.Theravencanspeakjustoneword:"nevermore"-meaning"neveragain".READER:ButtheRaven,sittinglonelyonthatplacidbust,spokeonlyThatoneword,asifhissoulinthatonewordhedidoutpour.Nothingfurtherthenheuttered;notafeatherthenhefluttered-TillIscarcelymorethanmuttered,"Otherfriendshaveflownbefore-Onthemorrowhewillleaveme,asmyHopeshaveflownbefore.,Thenthebirdsaid,"Nevermore."VOICETWO:Themanbecomesfrightened.Hedoesnotknowiftheravenisjustabirdoranevilspirit.Weknowtheravenwillneverleavetheman'sroom.READER:AndtheRaven,neverflitting,stillissitting-stillissittingOnthepallidbustofPallasjustabovemychamberdoor;AndhiseyeshavealltheseemingofaDemonthatisdreaming,Andthelamplighto'erhimstreamingthrowshisshadowonthefloor;AndmysoulfromoutthatshadowthatliesfloatingonthefloorShallbelifted-nevermore!Pause(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.OurpoetryreaderwasRichardRael.mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmFaithLapidus.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericafromVOASpecialEnglish.