四级翻译部分考试习题题库.docx

1 Yangko秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。YangkoisoneoftraditionfolkdanceofHaninChina.ltisusuallyperformedinnorthernprovinces.Thedancersusuallywearcolorfulandlightcostumes,andtheperformanceispowerfulandrapid.DuringsomefestivalssuchasSpringFestival,LanternFestival,ifpeoplehearthesoundofdrumandgong,nomatterhowcoldtheweatheris,theywillcometostreetandappreciatetheYangko.Recentyears,theoldpeopleincityofeast-northernofChinaorganizedtheteamofYangkobythemselves,thelearnerskeeptheirhealthbydancingYangkothewholeyear.2 TheGreatWall长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城一东起山海关，西至嘉峪关大部分都是在明代修建的。TheGreatWallisoneofthewondersoftheworldthatcreatedbyhumanbeings!IfyoucometoChinawithoutclimbingtheGreatWall,it,sjustlikegoingPariswithoutvisitingtheEiffelTower;orgoingtoEgyptwithoutvisitingthePyramids!Menoftensay,"HewhodoestnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman."Infact,itbeganasindependentwallsfordifferentstateswhenitwasfirstbuilt,anddidnotbecomethe"GreatWall"untiltheQinDynasty.However,thewallweseetoday,startingfromShanhaiguanPassintheeasttoJiayunguanPassinthewest,wasmostlybuiltduringtheMingDynasty.3 Dumplings饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品,相传为古代医圣张仲景发明，饺子的制作是包括：1)擀皮、2)备馅、3)包馅水煮三个步骤其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌民间有“好吃不过饺子''的俗语中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。DumplingsareoneoftheChinesepeople'sfavoritetraditionaldishes.AccordingtoanancientChineselegend,dumplingswerefirstmadebythemedicalsaint-ZhangZhongjing.Therearethreestepsinvolvedinmakingdumplings:I)makedumplingwrappersoutofdumplingflour;2)preparethedumplingstuffing;3)makedumplingsandboilthem.Withthinandelasticdoughskin,freshandtenderstuffing,delicioustaste,anduniqueshapes,dumplingsarewortheatinghundredsoftimes.There,sanoldsayingthatclaims,“Nothingcouldbemoredeliciousthandumplings”.DuringtheSpringFestivalandotherholidays,orwhentreatingrelativesandfriends,Chinesepeopleliketofollowtheauspiciouscustomofeatingdumplings.ToChinesepeoplewhoshowhighreverenceforfamilylove,havingdumplingsatthemomenttheoldyearisreplacedbythenewisanessentialpartofbiddingfarewelltotheoldandusheringinthenewyear.4 ChineseChopsticks中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等,与使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵”的意蕴西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。TheChinesewayofeatingwithchopsticksisuniqueintheworld.Therecordedhistoryofchopsticksstartedmorethanthreethousandyearsago.ChopstickswerenamedzhuinancientChinese.Theylookdeceptivelysimpletouse,butpossessmulti-variousfunctions,suchasclamping,turningover,liftingup,raking,stirring,scooping,poking,tearing,andsoon.ChopsticksweretakenasanauspiciousmascotbyordinarypeopleinancientChina.Forexample,thepartialtoneofchopsticksisoftenusedbypeopleasametaphoratweddingstoindicateablessingorbenedictionforthecoupletohaveababysoon.Unlikeusingaknifeandforkorone,sownhands,apairofchopsticksalsoimpliesthemeaningof44Harmonyiswhatmatters,ChopsticksarehighlypraisedbyWesternersasahallmarkofancientorientalcivilization.5 ChineseIdioms中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语''中的"成''既是约定俗成.，成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。Chineseidiomsrefertocomprehensiveandintegratedfixedphrasesandexpressions.Idiomsareestablishedandacceptedbyconstantusageandcommonpractice.Anidiomisalanguageunitthatislargerthanaword,buthasthesamegrammaticalfunctionasaword.MostChineseidiomsconsistoffourcharacters.Forexample,Ziqiangbuxi(makeunremittingeffortstoimproveoneself),qingchuyulan(bluerthanindigo),andhoujibofa(successcomeswithtimeandeffort).Idiomsareextratedfromfolkproverbs,ancientworksofliterature,poems,fables,allusions,andwell-knownsayings.IdiomsareapartoftheChineselanguagethatareconciseandhavegreatvitality.6 Chinesesilk中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缄丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明,商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征。东方文明的使者。Chinaisthehomeofsilk.Mulberryplanting,sericulture,silkreelingandthickeningareallgreatinventionsoftheancientChinese.AsearlyastheShangandZhouDynasties(I6OOBC-256BC),theChinesepeople,ssilk-weavingtechniqueshadreachedanextremelyhighlevel.DuringtheWesternHanDynasty(206BC-25AD),ZhangQian,anoutstandingdiplomat,travelledaroundcentralAsiaandconnectedChinawiththePersianGulfandtheMediterranean,openingupaneweraofSino-foreigntrade,exchangeandcommunication.Fromthenon,China,ssilkbecamewellknownforitsextraordinaryquality,exquisitedesignandcolor,andabundantcultureconnotations.Hitherto,ChinesesilkhasbeenacceptedasasymbolofChinesecultureandtheemissaryoforientalcivilization.7孔子(COnfUCiUS)是春秋时期(theSpringandAutumnPeriod)的大思想家、大教育家和儒家学派(ConfUCianiSm)的创始人，是古代中国人心目中的圣人。孔子的言论和生平活动记录在由他的弟子或再传弟子编成的论语(TheAnalects)一书中。论语是中国古代文化的经典著作在孔子之后几千年的中国历史上，没有哪一位思想家、文学家和政治家不受论语的影响。不研究论语，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。Asagreatthinker,educatorandfounderofConfucianismduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,Confuciusisasage/sainttotheancientChinesepeople.HiswordsandlifestorywererecordedbyhisdisciplesandtheirstudentsinTheAnalects.AsanenduringclassicofChineseculture,TheAnalectshasinfluencedallthinkers,writersandpoliticiansinthethousandyears,ChinesehistoryafterConfucius.Noscholarcouldtrulyunderstandthislong-standingcultureortheinnerworldoftheancientChinesewithoutthisbook.8中国的青铜器时代(BronZeAge)从夏开始，经历商、西周至J春秋时期(theSpringandAutumnPeriod),前后持续了一千五百多年的时间,大量出土的青铜器物表明，中国创造了灿烂的青铜文明这些青铜器物不仅有丰富的政治和宗教内涵，而且还具有很高的艺术价值。今频于中国历史博物馆的大盂鼎(theGreatDingforYU)是中国青铜器时代的代表性作品之一。它是西周康王(KingKang)时期的作品，距今大约有三千多年”TheBronzeAgeinChinalastedmorethan1,500years,fromtheXiathroughtheShangandWesternZhouDynasties,totheSpringandAutumnPeriod.Largenumbersofunearthedartifactsindicateahighlevelofancientbronzecivilizationinthecountry.Theyfeaturerichpoliticalandreligiousthemes,andareofhighartisticvalue.ArepresentativeexampleistheGreatDingforYu,whichisnowpreservedintheMuseumofChineseHistory.Itwascastabout3,000yearsagoduringthereignofKingKangofWesternZhouDynasty.9唐代文化是中国文化的一个高峰尤其是古典诗歌到唐代发展到全盛时期。在唐代300余年的历史中，产生的流传于后世的音歌就有48,900多首。如此丰富的作品也使2,300多位诗人在历史上留下了他们的名字。唐诗在创作方法上，现实主义与浪漫主义并举,唐代最著名的诗人是李白和杜甫，他们都是具有世界声誉的诗人，后人将他们合称为“李杜”。TheTangDynastywitnessedapeakinChineseculture.Especially,ancientpoetryflourishedintheTangDynasty.Inmorethan300yearsoftheTangDynasty,some48z900poemswerehandeddownandremainwidelyknowntoday.Somanyworksalsomademorethan2,300poetsfamousinhistory.Asfarasthewritingtechniqueisconcerned,theTangpoetrycombinedrealismandromanticism.Thebest-knownpoetsoftheTangDynastywereLiBaiandDuFu,whoareveryprestigiousinthewholeworldandpeopleoflatergenerationscalledbothofthemas"LiDu"collaboratively.10根据中国的阴阳五行学说，世界上所有的事物都是由金、木、水、火、土五种元素构成，这五种元素相生相克，白色代表金，绿色代表木，黑色代表水，红色代表火，黄色则代表±o中国社会发展到汉代以后，黄色开始被人所接受，并认为是最尊贵的颜色唐代以后，服饰制度规定只准皇室穿黄色的服饰，其他人一概不允许。AccordingtotheChinesethoughtofyin,yangandthefiveelements(metal,wood,water,fireandearth),allthingsintheuniverseconsistofthefiveelements;thereisaphenomenonofmutualpromotionandrestraintamongthefiveelements.Thewhitestandsformetal,theblueforwood,theblackforwater;theredforfireandtheyellowforearth.SincetheHanDynastyinChinesehistory,theyellowhadbeenacceptedbyallpeopleandregardedasthemostdistinguishedcolour.BytheTangDynasty,theclothingsystemstipulatedthatallthepeoplewereprohibitedfromwearingyellowclothesexcepttheroyalfamily.11在英文中，“中国”与“瓷器”是一个词，这说明，很早的时期欧洲人就把中国与瓷器联系在一起的了。瓷器15世纪时就传入欧洲，在中外交流中占有重要位置,德国卡塞尔郎德(KeiSeIRandy)博物馆至今还藏有一件中国明代直瓷(blue-and-white)碗。历史上，中国和亚洲的其他国家以及欧洲国家的瓷器交易极为频繁，而且数量巨大,据今人研究，在1602-1682年间，仅荷兰东印度公司(theDutchEastIndiaComPany)从中国贩运到欧洲的瓷器就有一千六百多万件。瓷器以其优雅精致的品质，为中国赢得了好名声。InEnglish,chinahasthesamemeaningasporcelain.ThisprovesthatEuropeanshavelongknownofChina*Srelationtoporcelain.PorcelainfounditswaytoEuropeinthe15thcentury,OccupyinganimportantpositionintheexchangesbetweenChinaandothercountries.TheKeiselRandyMuseuminGermanyhousesablue-and-whitebowldatingbacktotheMingDynasty.Throughouthistory,China,alongwithotherAsiancountries,andEuropemaintainedabusyandvasttradeinporcelain.From1602to1682,theDutchEastIndiaCompanyalonetransportedmorethan16millionarticlesofporcelainfromChinatoEurope.PorcelainearnedagoodreputationforChinaforitssophisticationandelegance.12中国人为什么要修长城？在秦始皇时代，每二十个人中，就有一个人参与修建过长城。中国人经历了无数次毁灭性的战争,他们深知,保护生灵的城墙总比掩埋尸体的壕沟(trench)好。修建长城有说不尽的艰辛，甚至不少人还因此付出了生命。但与惨烈的战争相比，人们更愿意选择前者。长城在中国历史上发挥的作用是巨大的。在冷兵器时代，长城在军事防御上起到了不容置疑的作用，尤其在防御北方民族所谓的“马背上的进攻”方面，效果是明显的。WhydidtheChinesebuildtheGreatWall?DuringthereignoftheFirstEmperorofQinzoneoutofevery20peopletookpartintheproject.Sufferingfromthedevastatingdamageofwars,peoplerealizedthatbuildingawalltoprotectliveswasbetterthanburyingthedeadintrenches.Buildingwallswasextremelyhardlabor;sometimesevenatthecostoflifeitself.Comparedwithbloodywarszhowever;peoplewouldratherchoosetheformer.TheGreatWallplayedasignificantroleinhistory.Itcertainlyservedthepurposeofmilitarydefenseintheageofcoldsteel,especiallyinpreventingattacksfromnorthernpeoplesonhorseback.13武则天是中国历史上空前绝后的唯一一位女皇帝，她创造了中国历史的奇迹。她是中国历史上杰出的政治家、军事家，同时也是一位诗人。武则天出生于唐朝的大户人家，她拥有盖世的美丽和绝顶的聪明，并喜欢读书”童年时曾随父母游历了名山大川，这培养了她的眼界和才干，她14岁入宫，在经历了很多坎坷和磨难之后，终于当上了皇后。690年，武则天改国号(thetitIeofthedynaSty)唐为周，正式做了皇帝。她执政期间，经济、文化繁荣发展，边疆稳固，人民生活幸福。WuZetian,theonlyfemaleemperorinChinesehistory,createdthemiracleofChinesehistory.Shewasanoutstandingpolitician,strategistaswellasapoetinChinesehistory.BorninawealthyfamilyinTangDynasty,shewasthemostbeautifulandintelligentofhertime,andshealsolikedreading.Shehadvisitedfamousmountainsandgreatriverswithherparentswhenshewasachild,whichhadbroadenedherhorizonanddevelopedhertalents.Shewassenttothepalacewhenshewas14.Aftermanydifficultiesandhardships,shebecametheempressfinally.In690,WuZetianchangedthetitleofthedynastyTangtoZhou,andbecametheemperorherself.Duringherreign,theeconomyandculturedevelopedrapidly,thefrontiergotstableandpeopleledahappylife.14中华民族是龙的传人，而实际上根本没有龙这种动物存在，它只是人们臆想出来的一种动物象征，结合了许多种其他不同动物的特征，包括：鹿、鱼、老虎、狮子、马、牛、驴、蛇、和秃鹰(VUEre)。龙被人们看作是一种具有神性的动物，时常与云朵、雷电和降雨联系在一起，它可以在陆地行走，在海里游泳，在天空翱翔，化作风神和雨神。中国人不仅认为龙是一种福神(mascot),还是权力、尊严、运气、力和成功的化身。TheChinesepeopleconsiderthemselvesdescendentsofthedragon,whichisinfactafictitiousanimalcombiningsomefeaturesofthedeer,fishztigelion,horse,ox,donkey,snakeandvulture.Thisdivineanimalisalwaysassociatedwithclouds,thunderboltsandrainfall.Itcanwalkontheland,swimintheseaandflyintheairandisthedeityofwindandrain.Chinesepeoplebelieveitisamascot,aswellastheembodimentofpower;dignity,luck,strengthandsuccess.