2018年04月自学考试00830《现代语言学》试题.docx

2018年4月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：008301. Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneoftheourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandblackenthecorrespondingletterA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.2. 1.anguageisasystemofarbitrarysymbolsusedforhumancommunication.A.visualB.vocalC.writtenD.spoken2.3.4.TheEnglishsoundsjandwareA.liquidsB.glidesC.affricativesD.nasalsTheoptimumageforsecondlanguageacquisitionisA.earlyteenageB.7yearsoldC.6yearsoldD.20yearsoldmodifythemeaningandinmanycaseschangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.A.Prefixes13.RootsC.SuffixesD.Stems5. Neurolinguistshaveconcludedthatthreeareasofthelefthemispherearevitaltolanguage,namely,Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandA.neuronsB.cerebralcortexC.Exner'sareaD.theangulargyrus6. Aclausethattakesasubjectandafiniteverb,andatthesametimestandsaloneisknownasafiniteclause.A.semanticallyB.structurallyC.SociolinguisticallyD.phonologically7. isalinguisticsituationinwhichtwostandardlanguagesareusedbyanindividualorbyagroupofspeakers,suchastheinhabitantsofaparticularregionoranation.A.CreoleB.VernacularC.BilingualismD.Diglossia8. ThesenserelationthatholdsbetweenthetwowordspieceandpeaceisA.polysemyB.homonymyC.hyponymyD.synonymy9. Asanimportanttheoryinthepragmaticstudyoflanguage,speechacttheorywasoriginatedwithinthelate50,softhe20thcentury.A.PaulGriceB.JohnSearleC.NoamChomskyD.JohnAustin10. Ingeneral,linguisticchangeinthesystemandthevocabularyofalanguageismorenoticeablethanthatinothersystemsofthegrammar.A.syntacticB.morphologicalC.soundD.semantic11. Directions:FillintheblankontheANSWERSHEETineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.11. AccordingtoChomsky,aspeakerhasinternalizedasetofrabouthislanguage.whichenableshimtoproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentences.12. Englishvowelsmaybedistinguishedasfront,candback.13. Blearningtheorysuggestedthatachild'sverbalbehaviorwasconditionedthroughassociationbetweenastimulusandthefollowingresponse.1. .1morphemesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchasnumber,tense,degree,andcase.15. ThelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptualfunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrainiscalledI16. Syntacticrulesthatcomprisethesystemofinternalizedlinguisticknowledgeofalanguagespeakerisknownaslinguisticc17. Aisavarietyoflanguagethatisgenerallyusedbynativespeakersofotherlanguagesasamediumofcommunication.18. Sreferstothesamenessorclosesimilarityofmeaning.19. AccordingtoJ.Austin,aIactistheactofutteringwords,phrases,clauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.20. ItisgenerallyacceptedthatthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguageisdividedintotheperiodsofOldEnglish,MEnglishandModemEnglish.IllDirections:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseontheANSWERSHEET.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandthengivethecorrectversion.21. Modemlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary.22. sandzaretwoalveolarfricativesinEnglish.23. Ingeneral,languagelearningreferstochildren'sdevelopmentoftheirfirstlanguage.24. Thewordupdateisformedbyderivation.25. ThecaseofGeniedemonstratesthatthelanguagefacultyofanaveragehumandegeneratesafterthecriticalperiod.26. Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithoutlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.27. Ofthetwosoundsbandl,childrenaremorelikelytoacquire/1/firstratherthanb.28. TheconceptualistviewofmeaningwasfurtherstrengthenedbyBloomfield,whodrewonbehavioristpsychologywhentryingtodefinethemeaningoflinguisticform.29. Utteranceisbasedonsentencemeaning;itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunication.30. 1.anguagechangeisessentiallyamatterofchangeinthegrammar.IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesforillustrationwhereappropriate.31. displacement32. phoneme33. interlanguage34. root35. thecriticalperiodhypothesis36. UniversalGrammar37. slang38. hyponymy39. perlocutionaryact40. semanticchange41. V.Directions:Answerthefollowingquestions.42. 1.inguisticsisgenerallydefinedas"thescientificstudyoflanguage".Describebrieflytheprocessoflinguisticstudy.43. WhatistheCooperativePrinciple?PleasemakeananalysisofwhatmaximisviolatedbyBandwhatimplicatureisproducedinthefollowingconversation.A: Thespeakerisanawfulbore.Don'tyouthink?B: Thelecturehallisspacious,isn'tit?(ThisissaidwhenitisknowntobothAandBthatitisentirelypossibleforBtomakeacommentonthespeaker.)