语法专题十三特殊句式.ppt

语法专项 特殊句式,Monday,March 5,2012,考点一 倒装 全部倒装 1.表示时间(now,then)或地点（方位）的副词(here,there,up,down,in,out,away,off)或介词短语放于句首时引起的句子要全部倒装。注：在全部倒装句中，谓语动词是表示运动的不及物动词(如go,come，run，rush，fly)或系动词be,通常用一般现在时和一般过去时，不能用进行时、将来时或完成时态。,例1 At the foot of the mountain_.(06年四川卷)A.a village lie B.lies a village C.does a village lie D.lying a village,B,例2 Just in front of our house_ with a history of 1,000 years.(06年上海卷)A.does a tall tree stand B.stands a tall tree C.a tall tree is standing D.a tall tree stands2.代词such放在句首，句子的谓语动词是be。Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist Such are the facts；no one can deny them,B,3.分词与表示地点的副词或介词短语一起放在句首，句子的谓语动词是be，主语是名词。Lying on the floor was a boy aged about l7Seated on the ground are a group of young people.注：全部倒装可用于定语从句中。He suddenly found himself standing at the foot of a hill，on top of which stood an old templeThe little boy sat by a house,in front of _ _(be)some trees.（2009天津）,which were,部分倒装,1.将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首引起的部分倒装结构。这类状语有：not,never,barely,seldom,rarely,little,nowhere,at no time,by no means,no longer,hardly/scarcely.when,no soonerthan,not onlybut(also),not until,neithernor等。但neithernor引导两个分句时，这两个分句中的主谓均要倒装。Neither do I know her address，nor does he,例3 Ive tried very hard to improve my English.But by no means_ with my progress.(06年重庆卷)A.the teacher is not satisfied B.is the teacher not satisfied C.the teacher is satisfied D.is the teacher satisfied 例4 Did Linda see the traffic accident?No,no sooner_ than it happened.(06年天津卷)A.had she gone B.she had gone C.has she gone D.she has gone,D,A,例5 Not only_ interested in football but _ beginning to show an interest in it.(02年上海卷)A.the teacher himself is;all his students are B.the teacher himself is;are all his students C.is the teacher himself;are all his students D.is the teacher himself;all his students are,D,2.only+副词/介词短语/状语从句置于句首时,主句要进行部分倒装,例6 Only then_ how much damage had been caused?(06年陕西卷)A.she realized B.she had realized C.had she realized D.did she realize,D,例7 So difficult_ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.(06年广东卷)A.I did find B.did I find C.I have found D.have I foundIn such a hurry _ his office that he forgot to lock the door.A.did he leaveB.he left C.he had left D.has he left,3.so/suchthat结构中的so,such连同它所修饰的成分位于句首表示强调时,主句要进行部分倒装,B,A,4.soneithernor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时用倒装结构“soneithernor助动词系动词情态动词主语”（so表示肯定意义；neithernor表示否定意义）,例8 Its burning hot today,isnt it?Yes._ yesterday.(06年福建卷)A.So was it B.So it was C.So it is D.So is it,A,例9 I would never come to this restaurant again.The food is terrible._.(04年全国卷)A.Nor am I B.Neither would I C.Same with me D.So do I,B,如果so表示强调，即强调前面所说的情况的真实性时，其结构则是“so主语助动词系动词情态动词”的形式，表示“某人或某事的确如此”。如：例10 Well，I do think the rabbit is a beautiful,gentle animal which can run very fast.(05年辽宁卷)_.A.So it is B.So is it C.So does it D.So it does,A,5.虚拟语气条件状语从句的倒装,在虚拟语气条件句中含有were,had,should等助动词时，可以将if省略，把助动词放在条件状语从句的句首。例11 _ fired,your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.(06年湖北卷)A.Would you be B.Should you be C.Could you be D.Might you be,B,例12 _ for the free ticket,I would not have gone to see the film.(95年上海卷)A.If it is not B.Were it not C.Had it not been D.If they were not,C,6.as/though引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构。,即as/though引导的让步从句中必须将表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前），构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词原形+as/though+主语+谓语部分”的形式。例13 _,he talks a lot about his favorites singers after class.(05年重庆卷)A.A quiet student as he may be B.Quiet student as he may be C.Be a quiet student as he may be D.Quiet as he may be a student,B,例14 _,I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John.(01年上海卷)A.As long as I have traveled B.Now that I have traveled so much C.Much as I have traveled D.As I have traveled so much,C,使用as/though进行倒装时需要注意的是：句首有名词时，名词不能带任何冠词。句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如:Try hard as he will/Try as he might,he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。,1.(1997全国卷)_,mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A.However late is he B.However he is lateB.However is he late D.However late he is2.(2004上海春季)_,I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.A.However the story is amusingB.No matter amusing the story isC.However amusing the story isD.No matter how the story is amusing3.(2004湖北卷)You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do.A.however B.no matter C.although D.whatever,D,C,A,7.however/no matter how,4.(2005天津)He tried his best to solve the problem,_difficult it was.A.however B.no matter C.whatever D.although,A,however倒装的结构为：however/no matter how+adj./adv.+主语+谓语 however/no matter how+adj.+a+n.+主语+谓语 however/no matter how+many/much+n.+主语+谓语例如：No matter how difficult the problem is,we must manage to solve it.无论问题有多么困难，我们都必须设法解决。,Exercises:1.At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _,one of the ten largest cities in China.A.lies Chongqing B.Chongqing lies C.does lie Chongqing D.does Chongqing lie2.Not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.A.did he begin B.had he begun C.he began D.he had begun3.We laugh at jokes,but seldom _ about how they work.A.we think B.think we C.we do think D.do we think,A,A,D,4.John opened the door.There _ he had never seen before.A.a girl did stand B.a girl stood C.did a girl stand D.stood a girl,D,考点二 强调1强调句型 强调句型的陈述句形式：It iswas+被强调部分+thatwho It is l who am to blame It is what he used to do that really matters It was the man who was dressed in black that helped to catch the thief.It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go to work.,强调句型的一般疑问句 注：这时thatwho从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语序。Is it Professor Wang thatwho teaches you English?Was it in 1786 that the modern Olympic Games started?强调句型可用于宾语从句中，但要注意语序要用陈述语序。如：I wonder if/whether it is Professor Wang that teaches you English,强调句型的特殊疑问句 形式：疑问词+iswas it that?注：这时thatwho从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语序。Who was it that broke the window?When was it that you called me yesterday?Why is it that smoking is not allowed here?强调句型可用于宾语从句中，但要注意语序的变化。如：I dont understand why it is that smoking is not allowed here,强调句型用于强调notuntil句型 形式：It iswas not until+被强调部分+that注：这时thatwho从句中的谓语动词形式有变化。It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed 变式强调句型：变式It mustmaymight bethat 变式It mustmaymight have beenthat 变式It cantcouldnt bethat 变式CanCould it bethat?It might be his father that youre thinking of Could it be Tom that is making the noise?,较复杂的强调句 Is it in the factory you visited last week this kind of car is made?A./;thatB.where;whenC.where;thatD.;when It is the protection for the treesreally matters rather than how many trees are planted.A.what B.that C.D.which It is the ability to do the job _ matters,not where you come from or what you are.A.one B.that C.what D.it It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _ benefits our work most.A.who B.which C.that D.what,A,C,B,B,强调句型与状语从句、定语从句的区别 判断是否是强调句型，可先把it iswas和that去掉，如果剩下的部分无论在语法上还是在意义上都仍然是完整的句子，那么就是强调句型，否则就不是。It was on January 1 that l paid a visit to my I friend Jennifer It was January 1 when I paid a visit to my friend Jennifer It was in this cave that Chairman Mao worked with his comrades for agesIt was this cave where Chairman Mao worked with his comrades for ages,2.谓语动词的强调 强调谓语动词时，要用助动词do，does或did。但谓语动词必须是实义动词，且只能是一般现在时和一般过去时。If you do stay，let me know He did write to you last week另外，do还可用于对祈使句的强调。Do come this evening,考点三 there be句式1there be句型是一种特殊句式，表示“在什么地方有什么人或事物”。在此句式中，be是谓语动词，be后面的名词是主语。There is a tall tree and chairs in front of the classroom2there be句式中的be可以有不同的时态，而且可以和助动词或情态动词连用。There have been many great changes in our country since then There must be a mistake somewhere,3.there be句式中的be有时可用seem to be，appear to be,happen to be,used to be,have to be,be expected to be等替代。There happened to be a man walking byThere is expected to be an announcement about the project next week4there be句式中的be可用remain，live，stand,lie,exist等不及物动词替代,表示存在。Once there lived a king who cared more about new clothes than anything else No one knows exactly if there exist other living things in the universe,5.there be句式有时可用于非谓语动词中，用两种形式：there being和there to be。there being在句中通常用于独立主格结构作原因状语或用在介词或某些动词后作宾语。There being no further business，l declared the meeting closed Whats the chance of there being an election this year?I cant imagine there being such a quiet place herethere to be在句中通常作某些动词的宾语。l dont want there to be another conflictThe students expected there to be more reviewingclasses before the final exams,6用于组成特殊句式 There is no point/sense(in)doing“做某事没用或没有意义”There is no point in worrying about it.There is no need for/to do“没有必要”There is no need to hurry.We have enough time.There is no doubt about/that“毫无疑问”There is no doubt that she has told the truth.,考点四 祈使句,1.祈使句的否定式是在前面加dont 或never.Dont be so sure./Never come late again.2.祈使句可带主语为了加强语气或特别指明向谁提出要求或发出指令，可加上主语“you”,或同时加上称呼语。Tom,you water the flowers!命令或吩咐几个人分别做几件事时，祈使句需要带主语“you”.You,girls,clean the desks;you,boys,sweep the floor.,表达“不高兴、厌烦”等情绪时，可带主语“you”.You mind you own business!祈使句的主语还可用“everyone;everybody;someone;somebody;nobody”或第三人称。Someone answer the phone!谁去接一下电话！构成句式：祈使句+and/or(else)/otherwise+陈述句 该祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句。有时祈使句可省略动词，用一个名词或名词短语来代替。Go away,or I will call the police.One more week,and we will accomplish the work.Another step further,and Ill shoot.,考点五 反意疑问句1.简单句的反意疑问句 everyone/everybody;someone somebody;no one/nobody;none等表示人的不定代词作主语时，反意疑问句 的主语多用they,有时可用he;当主语是everything;anything;something;nothing等时，反意疑问句 的主语用it.Nobody came when I was out,did they?Everything has gone wrong today,hasnt it?2.祈使句的反意疑问句 祈使句的反意疑问句在句末加“will you”;以lets和 let us开头的祈使句，分别用shall we 和will you.Remember to come and join us,will you?Dont make any noise,will you?,Lets get down to work,_?Let us calm down,_?3.情态动词表示推测时的反意疑问句“情态动词+be”的反意疑问句的动词常用am/is/are.You must be very upset,arent you?“情态动词+have done”反意疑问句的动词a.句中有表示过去的时间状语，且过去分词是实义动词，反意疑问句的动词常用didnt;b.句中有表示过去的时间状语，且过去分词是been，反意疑问句的动词常用wasnt/werent;c.句中没有时间状语，反意疑问句的动词常用havent/hasnt。,shall we,will you,The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday,_?The minister must have arrived in Shanghai,_?They must have been very tired yesterday,_?4.复合句的反意疑问句 在主从复合句中，反意疑问句部分的代词和动词应与主句中的主语和动词保持一致。This is the second time that he has been to Japan,_?,isnt it,werent they,hasnt he,didnt they,在 I/We(dont)think(believe;suppose;imagine;expect)+宾语从句中，反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致，并要注意否定转移。I think you have heard of him before,_?I dont think you have heard of him before,_?5.反意疑问句的回答 对于反意疑问句的回答，如事实是肯定的，就用yes;如事实是否定的，则用no.如陈述句是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式，回答时yes 或no 正好与汉语意义相反。His sister didnt attend the meeting,_?Yes,she did./No,she didnt.,did she,have you,havent you,考点六 感叹句What+a(n)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语！What+adj.+n.(不可数名词或名词复数)+主语+谓语！How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语！How+adj.+a(n)+n.+主语+谓语！How+主语+谓语！_ fine weather we are having today!_ a difficult problem it is!_ difficult a problem it is!_ the time flies!,What,What,How,How,考点七 省略1.省略主语What about going out for a walk?(It)Sounds like a good idea.2.省略谓语或谓语的一部分 What do you think made Mary so upset?_(lose)her new bicycle(made her so upset).3.省略宾语 Is Mr.Smith in his office?Sorry,I dont know(whether he is or not).4.省略主语和谓语或主语和谓语的一部分 What does he want to eat?(He wants)Some rice and vegetables.,Losing,5.动词及动词短语的省略 在同一句或紧密相连的句子中，为避免重复，省略相同的动词及动词短语，只保留to.否定式是not to.如果不定式中含有be，have，have been时，这些词也可保留。I havent been to Hong Kong，but l want _ He is no longer what he used _.I didnt tell him the news Oh,you ought _ He wasnt told about the news Oh,he ought _ The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.,to,not to,to have been,to have,to be,6.并列句中的省略 在并列句中，后面分句中可以省略与前句相同的成分。One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow,and _.A.the other is white B.another is whiteC.the other white D.another white7.状语从句中句子成分的省略在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，或从句的主语是it,且从句的谓语部分含有be，则从句中主语和谓语部分be可省略。,C,Though _(lack)money,his parents managed to send him to university.The old man was lying on the ground as if _(hurt)badly.He opened his mouth as if _(say)something.,lacking,hurt,to say,8.虚拟语气条件从句中if的省略在虚拟语气条件句中含有were,had,should等助动词时，可以将if省略，把助动词放在条件状语从句的句首。What would have happened had Bob walked farther,as far as the river bank?9.宾语从句的省略 Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?_.A.I dont believe B.I dont believe it C.I believe not so D.I believe not The boys are not doing a good job at all,are they?_.A.I guess not so B.I dont guess C.I dont guess so D.I guess so,D,D,10.比较状语从句的省略My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours,but it is twice _ expensive.A.as B.so C.too D.veryThe pianos in the other shop will be _,but_.A.cheaper,not as better B.more cheap,not as betterC.cheaper,not as good D.more cheap,not as good,A,C,11.强调句型的省略 Where did you get to know her?It was on the farm _ we worked.A.that B.there C.which D.whereHe was nearly drowned once.When was_?_ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.A.that;it B.this；this C.this;it D.that；this,D,A,