计算机专业英语：第3章.ppt

计算机英语The Operating System,Lesson One Summary of operating system,An operating system serves as an interface,bridging the gap between hardware and application software.Thus,as we move from hardware to software,its appropriate that we consider the operating system first.,serve 服务，供应interface 界面bridge n.桥；vt.架桥gap n.缺口，缝隙thus adv.因而，从而，如此appropriate adj.适当的consider vt.考虑，照顾，认为,What exactly dose an operating system do?Basically,it performs a number of support functions.exactly basically support,adv.正确地 严密地,adv.基本上 主要地,v.支持，维持n.支持，支持者,If the application program is to be loaded,there must be a program in memory to control the loading process.That program is the operating system.Typically,the operating system is stored on disk.This objective is achieved by a special program called a boot.,adv.代表性地,n.目标，目的adj.客观的,v.完成，到达,Generally,the boot is stored on the first sector(or two)of a disk.Hardware is designed to read this sector automatically whenever the power is turned on.The boot consists of only a few instructions,but they are sufficient to read the rest of the operating system into memory;note how it is seemingly“pulled in by its own bootstraps”.Now,a user can type the commands to load and execute an application program.,generallysector designed automatically consists of instructionssufficient,rest note seeminglyowntype load execute,Loading programs is only one of the operating systems many support functions.Basically,it is a collection of software modules that insulate the user from the hardware,thus making the system easier to use.Lets investigate the primary functions of a typical operating system.,collection n.收藏，搜集品module n.模块 insulate vt.使绝缘，隔离investigate v.调查，研究primary adj.第一位的，主要的,The operating system is a collection of programs designed to manage the systems resources,namely,memory,processors,devices,and information(program and data).,n.资源，财力，办法，智谋,Memory Management FunctionsKeep track of the memory.What parts are in use and by whom?What parts are free?If multiprogramming,decide which process gets memory,when it gets it and how much.Allocate the memory,and reclaim the memory when the process no longer needs it or has been terminated.,keep track of 明了free adj.自由的，免费的，空闲的 multiprogramming 多道程序allocate vt.分派，分配reclaim vt.要求归还，收回no longer 不再terminate v.停止，结束，终止,Processor Management Function Keep track of the processors and the status of processes.Decide who will have a chance to use the processor.If multiprogramming,decide which process gets the processor,when and how much.Allocate the processor to process by setting up necessary hardware registers,this is often called the dispatcher.Reclaim the processor when process terminates,or exceeds allowed amount of usage.,status n.身份，地位，状况chance n.机会，可能性setting up 设立necessary adj.必要的register 记录，登记dispatcher n.发报机exceed v.超越，胜过allow vt.允许，承认,Device Management Functions Keep track of devices,channels,control units,this is called the traffic controller.Decide what an efficient way to allocate the device is.If it is to be shared,then decide who gets it,and how much he is to get,this is called I/O scheduling.Allocate the device and initiate the I/O operation.Reclaim the device.In most cases,the I/O terminates automatically.,channel n.水道，路线；vt.引导，开导control unit 控制单元traffic 交通share 分享，共享scheduling 行程安排，时序安排initiate v.开始case 情形，事，案例,Information Management FunctionsKeep track of the information,its location,use,status,etc.Decide who gets use of the information,enforce protection requirements,and provide accessing routines.Allocate the information,and reclaim the resource.,location n.位置，场所enforce vt.强迫，执行，加强protection n.保护requirement n.需求，要求，必要条件provide v.供应，供给，准备routine n.例行公事，程序，日常事务,Single choice.1.The serves as a hardware/software interface.a.system c.control unit b.application program2.The source of a computers logic is.a.hardware c.data d.the user3.Most microcomputer operating system are driven.a.interrupt mand d.hardware,d.operating system,b.software,c.software,4.A user communicates with the operating system through.a.instructions c.hardware b.a program5.The operating system is loaded by.a.the command processor c.the program loader d.an interrupt,b.a boot,d.a command language,1.Eating to live is more meaningful than living to eat.为了活而吃比为了吃而活更有意义。2.Shouting English is very helpful conquering your shyness.大喊英语对克服你的羞怯心理很有帮助。3.Arguing with you all the time makes me tired.老是跟你争吵使我厌烦。4.Eating too much can make you fat.吃得过多会使你发胖。5.Smoking causes a lot of health problems.吸烟会导致多种健康问题。6.Getting married costs a lot.Getting divorced costs much more.结婚很贵，离婚更贵。,英语口语练习材料,Lesson Two DOS,DOS is an acronym for Disk Operating System.It is a popular operating system used on earlier computers.The interface that DOS provides for computer users is the mode of characters.The users key in the DOS commands.That interface is called Character User Interface(CUI).,acronym n.只取首字母的缩写词popular adj.流行的，受欢迎的interface 界面mode n.方式，模式，样式key 钥匙，关键,MS/DOS is composed of three primary modules.COMMAND.COM is the command processor.The functions of the input/output control system are divided between two routines,MSDOS.SYS and IO.SYS.MSDOS.SYS is hardware independent.IO.SYS,on the other hand,communicates directly with the hardware,so it contains device-dependent code.,independent adj.独立的 on the other hand 另一方面communicate 沟通，通信device-dependent 设备相关code n.代码，编码；v.编码,Versions of the operating system written for different computers should differ only in their IO.SYS logic.Utility programs perform jobs commonly required in most data processing systems,such as sorting and copying.,version n.译文，版本differ vi.不一致，不同logic n.逻辑，逻辑性utility n.有用，效用perform vt.执行，表演require vt.需要，要求，命令sort n.种类，类别；v.分类,FileA file consists of two parts:one is filename,and another is file content.FilenameThis name has two parts:a main filename and an extension.DirectoryDrive NameA complete drive name consists of a drive letter and a colon.,To tell DOS to do something,you type a command at the DOS prompt.DIR C:DIR/P C:DIR MYBRAIN.TXTCOPY C:COPY FILE.TXT A:C:COPY FILE.TXT NEWFILEDEL C:DEL ELVIS,n.&vt.提示,Screen Information on DOSC:Copy completeC:Copy another diskette(Y/N)?C:Insufficient disk spaceC:Invalid filename or file not foundC:Disk full or write protectedC:Disk maybe damaged or not reliable,C:Disk full write not completedC:File already exists.Overwrite?C:Bad Command or File nameC:An internal failure has occurredC:Formatting while copyingC:File is infected with virus XXX,On a trainA Russian,a Cuban,an American businessman and an American lawyer were on a train traveling across Europe.The Russian took out a large bottle of vodka(伏特加酒)，poured each of his companions a drink and then threw the semi full(半满的)bottle out of the window.“Why did you do that?”asked the American businessman.“Vodka is plentiful in my country,”said the Russian,“in fact,we have more than we will ever use.”,英语幽默笑话,A little later,the Cuban passed around fine Havana cigars.He took a couple of puffs of his(抽了两口)and he tossed(扔)it out of the window.“I thought the Cuban economy was suffering,”the businessman said,“yet you threw that perfectly good cigar away.”“cigars,”the Cuban replied,“are a dozen a dime(多的不稀罕)in Cuba.We have more of them than we know what to do with.”,The American businessman sat silence for a moment.Then he got up,grabbing(抓取)the lawyer and threw him out of the window.,Lesson Three Windows,Windows provides a graphical user interface and standard methods for switching among applications,file and program management,windowing,icons,pull-down menus,scroll-bars and dialog boxes(temporary windows).switch icon temporary,n.开关Vt.转换,n.图标肖像,adj.暂时的 临时的,These dialog boxes contain choices when the program needs additional information from the user.It is a multitasking operating system and has several advantages over MS-DOS.choice additional multitask advantage,n.选择adj.竞选的 可选的 爱惜的,adj.另外的 附加的 额外的,多重任务处理,n.优势有利条件利益,Clipboard dynamic data exchange(DDE)Windows initialization files contain information that defines your Windows environment.There are two standard Windows initialization files:,n.设定初值，初始化,WIN.INI,which primarily contains settings that Windows maintains to customize your Windows environment according to your preferences.SYSTEM.INI,which primarily contains settings that customize Windows to meet your systems hardware needs.settings customize preference meet,n.设置,v.定制，用户化,n.偏爱，优先选择,n.设置,My name isNot bad.I likeLong time no see.I care about you a great deal.Keep in touch.I have to get going.I love you.,英语日常用语,