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    虚拟语气归纳总结.ppt

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    虚拟语气归纳总结.ppt

    Part2 语法专题,考点7 虚拟语气,对虚拟语气的考查在湖南高考中主要出现在单项填空部分。1.主要考查的知识点:(1)在状语从句和名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法(2)含蓄虚拟语气复习重点:(1)掌握虚拟语气的基本概念及用法。(2)在条件句中省略if的虚拟语气。(3)意义上不是虚拟语气,但必须使用虚拟语气的情况。,2.如何应对虚拟语气的考查解题时,首先要确定题干句子表示的句意为真实的还是虚拟的,来决定是否该用虚拟语气。带有状语从句的复合句应重点看从句,根据从句句意所表达的信息来判断是否该用虚拟。虚拟语气确定后要明确是对现在、过去还是对将来的虚拟,从而确定虚拟语气的形式。,(2009福建)But for the help of my English teacher,I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.would not win B.would not have won C.would win D.would have won 思路点拨:分析题干,根据But for the help of my English teacher(要不是我的英语老师),可知该句为虚拟语气。整句语意为:要不是英语老师的帮助,我就赢不了英语写作比赛一等奖。“赢得一等奖”是已经过去的事情了,所以此处表达的是对过去的虚拟,谓语该用would not have done的形式。故判断空格处应该选B。,熟 读 深 思,1.状语从句中的虚拟语气(1)If I _had_(have)time,I would go there.(2)If you had come earlier,you _couldnt/wouldnt_have_missed_(miss)the bus.(3)If it _should_rain/were_to_rain_(rain)tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.(4)We got up early in order that we could catch the first bus.,熟 读 深 思,(5)We got up early for fear that we should miss the first bus.(6)We got up early lest that we should miss the first bus.(7)She speaks English as though she were a native of New York.(8)It seems as if he doesnt know her.,归 纳 总 结,虚拟语气的结构及用法:非真实的条件,常由if 引导,主句和从句常用虚拟语气。1.条件与现在事实相反,从句谓语用一般过去时(be多用were);主句谓语用would/should/could/might动词原形,如:(1)。2.条件与过去事实相反,从句谓语用过去完成时had done;主句谓语用would/should/could/mighthave done,如:(2)。3.条件与将来事实相反,从句谓语用should do/were to do;主句谓语用would/should/could/might动词原形,如:(3)。,归 纳 总 结,规则1:目的状语从句1.so that/in order that 从句:从句用can/could/may/might 动词原形,如:(4)。2.for fear that/in case that 从句:从句用should动词原形,意为“以防,万一”,如:(5)。3.lest 从句:从句用should 动词原形,“以防万一”,如:(6)。,归 纳 总 结,规则2:方式状语从句as if/as though 从句:从句的虚拟语气与wish 后的宾语从句虚拟语气类似,如:(7)。【注意】as if/as though连接的从句表示可能的事实时,不需用虚拟语气,如:(8)。,熟 读 深 思,2.名词性从句中的虚拟语气(1)It is suggested that I(should)exercise every day.The doctors suggestion is that I(should)exercise every day.(2)His face suggested that he was very sad.(3)How he wishes that he were a bird.(4)We wish that we had visited the Great Wall last year.,熟 读 深 思,(5)We wish we would live on the moon one day.(6)I would rather you were not here with me now.(7)I would rather you hadnt done that.(8)It is important that we(should)have a good knowledge of computer science.(9)It is a pity that you(should)be absent from the meeting.(10)We are surprised that he(should)be a doctor.,规则1:名词性从句中,表示“建议,命令,要求”等意义时,名词性从句用(should)动词原形。(1)建议:动词advise,suggest,propose,recommend(名词advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation)(2)命令:名词order,command(3)要求:动词request,require,demand,ask,insist(名词request,requirement,demand),如:(1)。,归 纳 总 结,【注意】(1)suggest 意为“表明,暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气,如:(2)。(2)insist 意为“坚持认为,坚持说”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。规则2:I wish(that)宾语从句(虚拟语气)(1)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”,从句用一般过去时,如:(3)。(2)表示愿望与“过去事实相反”,从句用过去完成时,如:(4)。(3)表示愿望实现的可能性很小,从句常用could/might/would 动词原形,如:(5)。,归 纳 总 结,规则3:would rather/prefer that从句(从句用虚拟语气)(1)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”,从句用一般过去时,如:(6)。(2)表示愿望与“过去事实相反”,从句用过去完成时,如:(7)。规则4:名词性从句表示说话人“强烈”的感情色彩时,从句用should 动词原形/should have done,should 可译为“应该;居然,竟然”。should 可以省略。,归 纳 总 结,常见的句型如下:(1)It is important/necessary/strange/surprising/funny/natural that 从句,如:(8)。(2)It is a pity/a shame/an honour/no wonder that从句,如:(9)。(3)主语 be sorry/disappointed/surprised that从句,如:(10)。,归 纳 总 结,熟 读 深 思,3.定语从句中的虚拟语气(1)Its time that we should go home.(2)Its time that we went home.(3)It is the second time that I have visited Beijing.(4)It was the second time that I had visited Beijing.,归 纳 总 结,Its(about/high/very)time that从句(从句用虚拟语气,谓语用一般过去式或 should do,should 不能省略),意为“某人该做某事了”,如:(1)、(2)。注意下面固定句型的时态搭配:It/This is the first/second/time that主语has/have doneIt/This was the first/second/time that 主语had done.如:(3)、(4)。,熟 读 深 思,4.简单句中的虚拟语气(1)Long live the Peoples Republic of China!(2)May you succeed!(3)Everybody leave the room!(4)Let one of you go and tell her to come.,归 纳 总 结,虚拟语气用于简单句时,一般表示祝愿、命令等。谓语要用动词原形。规则1:表示祝愿,如:(1)、(2)。规则2:表示命令,如:(3)、(4)。,熟 读 深 思,5.含蓄虚拟语气(1)If only you _hadnt_told_(not tell)him the news.(2)Human beings would die without water.Human beings _would_die_ if there were no water.(3)I _couldnt_have_succeeded_ but for your help.I couldnt have succeeded if you hadnt helped me.,熟 读 深 思,(4)I had no money then.Otherwise I would have bought that book.If I _had_had_ money then,I would have bought that book.(5)Had they had time(If they had had time),they would have certainly come to help us.(6)If I had studied in a university,I would get the job in the company.,归 纳 总 结,常用含蓄虚拟语气的情况:规则1:if only 意为“要是 就好了”(与wish后面的虚拟语气类似),如:(1)。规则2:without/but for 如果没有,就会。如:(2)、(3)。规则3:otherwise/or 否则,不然的话,就会。如:(4)。【注意】(1)当虚拟语气的条件状语从句中有had,should,were时,在正式或书面语言中可将if省略,而把had,should,were 提前到句首,变为半倒装,如:(5)。,归 纳 总 结,(2)混合虚拟语气 虚拟语气中,常出现从句与主句表示不同时期的事情,此时,从句与主句则分别用不同时态的虚拟语气。如:(6)。(3)几种特别用法was/were supposed to have done 理应做was/were to have done 本计划做had thought/believed,but本以为had planned/intended,but本计划,本打算had wished/hoped,but 本希望,

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