简单句、并列句和therebe句型.ppt

Test for class 8,1.This country _other countries in trade.这个国家在贸易方面正与其他国家竞争。2.He has learnt to _properly _all kinds of complicated situations.他已学会恰当地应付各种复杂局面。.You can _ him.你可以信赖他。4.He took my umbrella_.他拿错了我的雨伞。5.many children _ hunger every year.,is competing with,deal,with,depend on,by mistake,die from,Test for class 10,(遭遇)如何，（结果）怎样 改变主意 着火 发芽，上来对感到骄傲 就做 对 感兴趣 拜访某人 赶上某人 乐意做某事,第十讲 句子,句子的类型,简单句,并列句,THERE-BE 存在句,复合句,陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句,1.简单句的五种基本句型:,1.The story is true.,主语,连系动词,表语,1.主语+连系动词+表语,二、句型1：Subject(主语)Link.V(系动词)+Predicate(表语)其系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示特征和存在的状态。这样的词有：be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。,(2)表示状态的持续。这类系动词有：remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等-Why dont you put the meat in the fridge?-It will stay fresh for several days.,(3)表示状态的变化。这类系动词有：become(变成),turn(变成),grow(变得),go(变得)等。如：Spring comes.It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。,行为动词的分类：不及物动(vt)是后面不可以直接接宾语的动词。常见的动词如：work,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等。,及物动词(vi)，后可以直接接宾语的动词例如：love,hate,see,play,注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。eg:stop The rain stops.(vi)It stops to rain.(vt),2.They often swim.,主语,谓语,2.主语+谓语,一、句型2：Subject(主语)Verb(谓语)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，Li Ming works very hard.The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。Spring is coming.,3.I like football.,主语,谓语,宾语,3.主语+谓语+宾语,三、句型3：Subject(主语)Verb(谓语)Object(宾语)这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。He took his bag and left.他拿着书包离开了。,三、句型3：Subject(主语)Verb(谓语)Object(宾语)不及物动词 后面有介宾结构当宾语。John will arrive at the town tomorrow.She plans to travel in the coming National Day.她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。,4.He gave me a book.,主语,谓语,间宾,4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物),直宾,四、句型4：S(主语)V(谓语)I O(间宾)D O(直宾)引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等。buy sb.sth.Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。,上述句子还可以表达为：1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.buy sb.sth.=buy sth.for sb.2）The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.tell sb.sth.=tell sth.to sb.,5.He asks me to help him.,主语,谓语,宾语,5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语,宾语补足语,五、句型5：S(主语)V(动词)O(宾语)O C(宾补)这种句型中的“宾语 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：,1）You should keep the room clean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。2)We made him our monitor.我们选他当班长。3)His father told him not to play in the street.他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。4）My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.5)Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.,（形容词）,(名词),(不定式),(现在分词),(过去分词),1.不定式作宾语补足语,(1)带to的动词不定式作宾补,以下动词常跟动词不定式作宾补:want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,invite,(2)不带to的不定式作宾补。使役动词make,have,let;感官动词see,watch,observe,hear,listen to,notice等后面作宾补的不定式不带to。,2.现在分词当宾补(1)feel,hear,look at,listen to,notice,observe,sense,see,watch 等表示感官或感觉的动词。see sth./sb.doing sth.(2)catch,discover,find,get,have,keep,leave,send,set,start等常用动词。catch sb.doing sth.,1.使役动词have,get,make,leave,have/get/make/leave sth.done,2.感观动词see,hear,watch,feel,find,notice,observe，feel,see（）sb./sth.done,3.表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词like,want,wish,order,want sb./sth.done,3.过去分词作宾语补足语,由以上英语基本句型可知，一个英语简单句，只能有一种主谓关系。,Both rice and cotton grow in the southern areas.I washed and ate the apple.,1)There be 结构也有人和数的变化，如果 be后面的主语不止一个，与靠近 be的那个主语在数方面一致.,There are two books and a pen on the desk.,There is a pen and two books on the desk.,2.There be 存在句,2）There be 的时态变化:可用于所有时态当中,Eg:There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.There have been a mistake,so lets be careful.,3.并列句,并列句的各个句子是平等的，但平等关系有下面四种情况：,1)并列关系，用 and 连结。I bought her a skirt,and she like it very much.,2)转折关系，用 but连结。I bought her a skirt,but she didnt like it.,由并列连词把两个或以上的句子连在一起构成的句子。,3)选择关系，用 or 连结。Are you going to buy her a MP3 or a computer?,4)因果关系，用 so 连结。His birthday is coming,so I am going to buy him a present,注意,、,1)汉语中常省略连词，在英语中不能省略。,I help him and he help me.,3)并列连词还有:eitheror,neither nor,not only but also,2)句子中用了because就不能再用so,我帮他，他帮我。,第二部分 句子扩展 以上介绍的六种基本句型都属于简单句（只包含一个主谓结构的句子）。但我们常见的英语句子并不都象基本句型那样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是1.单词（主要是形容词，副词和数词），2.这种类型的短语（介词短语，不定式短语，分词短语）。,We found the hall full.(我们发现礼堂坐满了人。)2）We found the great hall full.(名词前加形容词)We found the great hall full of students and teachers.（加补语）4)We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.（现在分词短语）,下面以基本句型5为例。,5)We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by professor Wang from the Peoples Daily.（加过去分词短语）6)We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by professor Wang from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.（介词短语）,因此，即要掌握英语的基本句型，同时，也要学会把这些基本句型演化或扩展成比较复杂的句子，句子的主谓（主干）不变。扩展句子的几种手段1.在名词前加修饰语（形容词和数词）：例如“Mr.Wang is a teacher.”可扩展为：Mr.Wang is one of the experienced English teacher.2.在名词后加修饰语：Mr.Wang is one of the experienced English teachers of our school.,3)在动词前后加状语(副词,时间，地点)：eg:He has been working at a university for twenty years.”可以通过加状语扩展为：He has been working continuously at our university for twenty years.4)加各种短语（介词短语，不定式短语，分词短语）：One of my best friends,Mr.Wang is an experienced English teacher.Having taught English for more than twenty years,Mr.Wang is an experienced English teacher.,5)加各种从句（构成复合句）：One of my best friends,Mr.Wang is an experienced English teacher who has been teaching English in Huaqiao Middle School for more than twenty years.6)加并列分句（构成并列句）：He works at a university but his wife stays at home without a job.,