状语从句及例题解析.ppt

,2013届高考英语语法-状语从句及例题解析课件,引导时间状语从句的从属连词：when,while,as,after,before,since,till/until,once,as soon as,the moment/the minute/the instant,immediately,directly,hardly/scarcely.when,no sooner.than等。1when,while,as引导时间状语从句的区别(1)若主句谓语是短暂性动作，从句用延续性动词的进行时态 表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，三者可互换。,当我沿着街道行走时，碰巧遇到了一位老朋友。_I was walking down the street，I came across an old friend.(2)when引导的从句中的动词既可以是短暂性的，也可以是延续性的；while从句中的动词必须是延续性的。他们来的时候，大火已经被扑灭了。The fire was put out _ they came.我在跟你说话的时候，请安静。Please be quiet _ I am talking to you.,When/While/As,when,when/while,(3)as引导的从句的动作与主句动作同时发生。若从句动作的时间概念淡化，主要为突出主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as。这时as意为“一边一边，随着”。随着年龄的增长，你会越来越了解自己。_ you grow older，youll know better and better about yourself.,As,1(2010四川高考)Because of the heavy traffic，it wasalready time for lunch break she got to her office.Asince BthatCwhen Duntil,解析：考查状语从句。when引导时间状语从句。句意：因为交通拥挤，当她到达办公室时已是午休时间了。答案：C,2until,till和not.untiluntil和till都表示“直到”，常可互换，但是till不能用于强调句，也不能置于句首。(1)主句是肯定句时，谓语须用延续性动词，表示主句的动作一直持续到until/till表示的时间为止。until/till意为“直到为止”。我会一直等到音乐会结束。Ill wait _ the concert is over.,until/till,(2)主句是否定句时，谓语须用非延续性动词，表示主句的动作直到until/till表示的时间才发生。not.until意为“直到才”。直到她回来他才睡。He wont go to bed _ she returns.,until,“not until.”位于句首时，主句须用_语序，即助动词或系动词放在主语的_。直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。_ you told me_ I know about it.“not until.”用于强调句型中。直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。It was _ you told me that I knew about it.,Not until,did,not until,倒装,前面,2(2011上海高考)If a lot of people say a film is not good,I wont bother to see it,or Ill wait it comes out on DVD.Awhether BafterCthough Duntil,解析：考查状语从句和连词。句意：如果许多人都说一部电影不好的话，我不会费心去观看，我将一直等到DVD版本的电影出版。whether“是否”；after“在以后”；though“尽管；虽然”；until“直到”，根据句意可知选D。答案：D,3since 自从以来(1)since后如果是终止性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作发生时算起。自从李先生回来以后，他一直在这儿。Mr.Li _ here since he came back.Its two years since we arrived here._(2)since后如果是延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作结束时算起。It has been three years since he smoked._,has been,我们到这儿两年了。,他不吸烟已有三年了。,3(2011四川高考)As is reported,it is 100 years Qinghua University was founded.Awhen BbeforeCafter Dsince,解析：考查状语从句。since“自以来，从以后”，引导时间状语从句。句意：据报道，自清华大学建立以来已有一百年了。“it is一段时间since从句”表示“自从以来已有多长时间了”。答案：D,4before(1)before 引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作先于从句的动作发生。before在句中可有多种翻译：我们航行了4天4夜才看到陆地。We _ four days and four nights before we saw land.(“直到才”，强调主句所表达的时间、距离很长或花费的力气很大),had sailed,We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired._(“就”，强调主句所表达的时间、距离或花费的力气很小)Before I could get in a word,he had measured me._(还没来得及),我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。,我还没来得及插话他就给我量好了尺寸。,(2)it will be一段时间before.“多久之后才”。It will be half a year before I come back._(3)It wont be long before.“不久就”。过不了多长时间我们就会又见面的。_,还得待半年我才能回来。,It wont be long before we meet again.,4(2010陕西高考)Jack thinks it wont be long he is ready for his new job.Awhen BafterCbefore Dsince,解析：考查时间状语从句。句意：约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。it wont be long before.“过不了多久就”。答案：C,5名词短语作引导词的用法及表示“一就”的引导词(1)表示时间的名词短语也可以引导状语从句。常见的这类名词短语有the time,the moment,the minute,the day,the year,the first time,the second time,each time,every time,next time,any time 等。I want to see her the moment she arrives._我每次感冒背都疼。_I catch a cold,I have pains in my back.,她一到我就要见她。,Every time,(2)as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,no sooner.than.,hardly/scarcely.when.都意为“一就”，表示从句动作一发生，主句动作随即发生。一感觉到疼痛你就得去看医生。_ you feel any pains,you must go to see the doctor.他们一完成工作就切断了电源。Hardly_ their work when the electricity was cut off.,Directly,had they finished,5(2011辽宁高考)He had no sooner finished his speech the students started cheering.Asince BasCwhen Dthan,解析：考查固定句型。no sooner.than.“一就”为固定句型，故D项正确。hardly.when.也表示“一就”。答案：D,引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if(如果),unless(if.not“除非”),so/as long as(只要),once,on condition that(条件是),suppose/supposing(假设；如果),provided/providing that(如果),if only(但愿),only if(只要),given that(考虑到；假定)等。如果他不在办公室，那他一定是出去吃午饭了。_,If he is not in the office,he must be out for lunch.,假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助谁？_(that)they refuse us,who else can we turn to for help？只要你答应不请玛丽我就来。I will come _you promise not to invite Mary.,Suppose/Supposing,only if,(1)在真实条件状语从句中，要用_表示将来。(2)条件状语从句中的if不能用_替换。,一般现在时,whether,6(2010江西高考)Our holiday cost a lot of money.Did it？Well，that doesnt matter you enjoyed yourselves.Aas long as BunlessCas soon as Dthough,解析：考查连词辨析。由对话语境可知，空格后的一句是空格前一句的前提条件。故A项意思相符。as long as“只要”。答案：A,引导让步状语从句的从属连词有though,although,as(虽然；尽管)，even if,even though,whoever,whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however,no matter who/what/which/when/where/how,whether等。1although/though(尽管，虽然)两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与_,_或_连用，但不能和but连用虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。Although/Though it was raining hard,_ they went on playing football.,yet,still,nevertheless,yet,though还可用作副词，意为“_”，置于句_。他说他会来，可是他没有来。He said he would come;he didnt,_.,可是，然而,末,though,7(2011四川高考)Frank insisted that he was not asleep I had great difficulty in waking him up.Awhether BalthoughCfor Dso,解析：考查状语从句。although“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。句意：虽然我费了很大劲才叫醒他，但Frank坚持认为他没睡着。答案：B,2as(尽管)引导让步状语从句as 引导让步状语从句时，可用倒装结构。可以把表语_，当表语是名词时，名词前应_冠词；也可把状语或谓语动词_。尽管他是个孩子，他却懂得很多。_,he knows a lot.尽管我很喜欢它，但我不会买。_,Ill not buy it.,提前,省略,提前,Child as he is,Much as I like it,8(2011全国卷)Try she might,Sue couldnt get the door open.Aif BwhenCsince Das,解析：考查as作连词的用法。as作连词引导让步状语从句时，从句通常采用倒装语序，即把表语、状语或动词放在句首。因此可判断空白处填as。句意：虽然Sue可能尝试了，但是她无法打开门。答案：D,3even if/even though(即使；尽管)即使下雨，我们也要去那里。(陈述语气)Even though/if it is raining,_.即使我在你的位置，我也不会接受这份工作。(虚拟语气)Even if I _ in your place,I _ take the job,well go there,were,wouldnt,9(2010安徽高考)The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities,they have the interest.Awherever BwheneverCeven if Das if,解析：考查连词的用法。根据语境可知，“他们有这种兴趣”和“他们没有时间”之间为转折关系。故用even if“即使”引导让步状语从句。答案：C,4while(虽然)引导让步状语从句，强调主句内容与从句内容的对比；whether.or(not).引导让步状语从句，意为“不管还是”While I admit his good points,I can see his shortcomings._不管是我们到你那儿去还是待在这儿，我们还是得找点吃的。_we go to your place _ stay here,weve still got to find something to eat.,尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是看到了他的缺点。,Whether,or,10(2011陕西高考)all of them are strong candidates,only one will be chosen for the post.ASince BWhile CIf DAs,解析：考查状语从句。句意：虽然他们都是很强的候选人，但是只有一个人能被选来担任这一职务。根据句意应该选B,while 此处意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。答案：B,5“疑问词ever”与“no matter疑问词”引导的让步状语从句口语中常用“no matter疑问词”来代替“疑问词ever”引导的让步状语从句。不管我做什么都没人关注我。_,No matter what(Whatever)I did,no one paid any attention.,No matter where(Wherever)you work,you can always find time to study._不管我怎么频繁地按铃都没人应答。No matter how(However)often I ring,_.,不管你在哪里工作，你都能找时间学习。,no one will answer,11(2011辽宁高考)No matter how，it is not necessarily lifeless.Aa desert may be dry Bdry a desert may be Cmay a desert be dry Ddry may a desert be,解析：考查句子语序。句意：无论沙漠多么干，它并不一定没有生命存在。首先，how 后面紧跟的应是其修饰的形容词dry，故排除A、C两项；此外，此处要用陈述句语序，故B项正确。答案：B,1.地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where,wherever,everywhere,nowhere等。从句可位于主句之前也可位于主句之后。在你有问题的地方作个标记。Make a mark _ you have any questions.Wherever he happens to be,John can make himself at home._,where,无论约翰在哪里都能像在家里一样。,where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别：where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。在这次旅行期间我们将到我们想去的地方去。状语从句：定语从句：,We will go where we want to during this trip.,We will go to all the places where we want toduring the trip.,12(2010重庆高考)Today，we will begin we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.Awhen BwhereChow Dwhat,解析：考查状语从句。where在此处引导地点状语从句。答案：B,2方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as,as if,as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后，其后as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。告诉你怎么做就怎么做，否则你将被解雇。_,or youll be fired.这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。The old lady treats the boy_.,Do as you are told to,as if he were her own son,A is to B what C is to D“A对B而言如同C对D一样。”空气之于人就如同水之于鱼一样重要。_,Air is to us what water is to fish.,13(2011湖南高考)Jack wasnt saying anything,but the teacher smiled at him he had done something very clever.Aas if Bin case Cwhile Dthought,解析：考查状语从句。as if 意为“似乎，好像”，引导方式状语从句。句意：Jack 什么也没说，但老师向他笑了笑，好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。答案：A,3比较状语从句比较状语从句常用than,so(as).as.,the more.the more.等引导。比较从句部分常是省略句。我犯的错误比你犯的错误多。I have made a lot more mistakes_.玛丽和彼得一样都是好学生。Mary is a student _.,than you have,as good as Peter(is),14(2009江西高考)According to statistics,a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer a woman.Athan BsuchCso Das,解析：考查固定搭配。句意：数据表明，男性患皮肤癌的几率是女性的两倍。此处是“倍数词as.as.”结构。答案：D,4原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句最常用的连词有because,since,as,now that(既然),seeing that,considering that等。(1)because,as,since和for表示原因的用法比较,他因为没有得到那个职位而失望。He is disappointed _ he didnt get the position.由于正下着雨，我不出去了。_ it is raining,I will not go out.既然没有人反对，我们就执行这个计划吧。_ no one is against,lets carry out the plan.地面是湿的，昨天晚上肯定下雨了。It must have rained last night,_ the ground is wet.,because,As,Since,for,2)when 还表示原因，意为“既然”；now(that)用来说明一种新情况，然后加推论，位于句首时，that可省略。既然你步行5分钟就能轻松到那里，却打的，真够愚蠢的。It was foolish of you to take a taxi _ you couldeasily walk there in five minutes.既然每个人都在，我们开始吧。_ everybody is here,lets begin.,when,Now(that),(3)seeing that,considering that,in that“既然；考虑到”三者在一般情况下可以交换使用，但前两者中的that可以省略，in that中的that不能省略。鉴于他如此年轻，那是可以原谅的。_ he is so young,that is excusable.,Considering/Seeing that,15(2010辽宁高考)The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair he wanted to sit next to his wife.Aalthough BunlessCbecause Dif,解析：考查连词辨析。句意：那个老人让Lucy去坐另一张椅子，因为他想挨着他妻子坐。后面的从句表示原因，故填because。答案：C,5目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that,in order that,for fear that,in case,lest等。(1)in order that与so that两个连词意为“以便；为了”，引导的状语从句中需用情态动词。so that引导的结果状语从句一般不使用情态动词。,为了能看到日出，我们很早就出发去了山顶。_we might see the sunrise,we started for the peak early.(2)for fear that与in case那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father _ see him.,In order that,should,16(2011上海高考)The police officers in our city work hard the rest of us can live a safe life.Ain case Bas ifCin order that Donly if,解析：考查状语从句和连词。句意：为了我们能过上安全的生活，我们城市的警察工作很努力。in case“以免，(以防)万一”；as if“好像”；in order that“为了”；only if“只有”，故C项符合句意和行文逻辑关系。答案：C,6结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so that,so.that.,such.that.。在非正式语体中，由so.that.,such.that.引导的句子中that可以省略，注意其结构形式：(1)so形容词/副词that从句so形容词a/an单数可数名词that从句somany/much/few/little名词that从句他挣这么少钱以至于不能支撑家庭。He earned _ that he couldnt supporthis family.,so little money,(2)sucha/an形容词单数可数名词that从句such形容词复数可数名词/不可数名词that从句sucha lot of/lots of复数可数名词/不可数名词that从句迈克是如此诚实的一个工人，以至于我们都相信他。Mike is such _ _ _ that we all believe him.Mike is so _ _ _ that we all believe him.,an honest worker,honest a worker,(1)so形容词a/an单数可数名词 sucha/an形容词单数可数名词。(2)so.that/such.that句型中，so与such位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。暴风雨异常迅猛，以至于一些旧房被毁。So terrible _ _ _ that some old houses were destroyed.,was the storm,