深入理解计算机系统ppt.ppt

1,Introduction to Computer Systems,2,Outline,Teaching staffsTextbook and GradingMotivationSuggested readingPreface 1720(2029 optional),3,Instructor,臧斌宇Email:Make an appointment,4,Teaching Assistants,陈榕杨克峤、郝志军、袁立威、王肇国,5,Text Book,Randy Bryant and David OHallaron,Computer Systems:A Programmers PerspectivePrentice Hall,August 12,2002.Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie,The C Programming Language,Second EditionPrentice Hall,1988,6,Grading,Exams(60%)Mid term(15%each)Final(30%)All exams are open books/open notes.Labs(35%)4 labs(25%),(4-12%each)On line exam for lab 2(10%)Home work(5%),7,Layers of Computer Systems,Why study computer systems?,Lots of systems companiesMicrosoft,Google,IBM,EMC,CISCO,VMwareWhats Googles core?Google Cluster,GFS,MapReduce,BigTableGood systems knowledge is a necessity to get you a good offers/promotions at such companies and top universities,9,Background,Architecture instructors complain students hate the courseGood material,dedicated teachers,but students hate itDont see how it will affect there lives as programmersOS instructors complain about lack of preparationStudents dont know machine-level programming well enoughWhat does it mean to store the processor state on the run-time stack?,10,Background,Programming Lies at the Heart of Most Modern SystemsComputer systemsEmbedded devices:cell phones,automobile controls,Electronics:DSPs,programmable controllersProgrammers Have to Understand Their Machines and Their LimitationsCorrectness:computer arithmetic,storage allocationEfficiency:memory&CPU performance,11,Background,Knowing How to Build Systems Is Not the Way to Learn How to Program ThemIts wasteful to teach every computer scientist how to design a microprocessorKnowledge of how to build does not transfer to knowledge of how to use,12,Birth of ICS,New Idea from CMU:Introduce them to computer systems from a programmers perspective rather than from a system designers perspectiveTopic Filter:What parts of a computer system affect the correctness,performance,and utility of my C programs?New Course Birth:Introduction to Computer Systems,13,Where are we?,From abstractions to details(realities)From application level to system levelFrom Java to C,14,Features of this course,Enduring ConceptsFrom programmers perspectiveActively studyBecoming the rare“power programmer”,15,Enduring concepts,Computer systems consist hardware and systems software that work together to run programsSpecific implementations of systems change over timeBut the underlying concepts do notAll computer systems have similar hardware and software components that perform similar functions,16,From programmers perspective,Written for programmers instead of system buildersFew students would have the opportunity to build a computer systemEven the computer engineers would be required to use and program computers on a daily basis It covers a topic only if it affectedcorrectness,performance or utility of user-level C programs,17,From programmers perspective,Take a broader and more realistic view of the system What the computer hardware isHow modern computer works,18,Actively study,New concepts are followed by practical problemsHomework problems and labs are also realLearning by doingWorking concrete problemsWriting and running programs on real systemsPractical,concrete,hands-on and exciting,19,Becoming the rare“power programmer”,Enlightened by an understanding of the underlying computer system and its impact on your application programsYou knowHow things work and How to fix them when they break,20,Where is ICS in Courses,Introduction to Computer Systems,Operating Systems,Architecture,Compilers,Networking,Computer Systems Engineering,21,Drawbacks of this book,This book is written by famous professorsThe materials in this book are very goodHowever,the book is not well organizedSome parts are too tediousSome important ideas are omittedIt should be better for you to follow my directions to read the book,22,Good luck!,23,A Tour of Computer Systems,24,Outline,Layers of computer systemsSuggested reading,25,Layers of Computer Systems,26,Computer Hardware-Von Neumann Architecture,27,EDVAC,28,IA-32,29,IA-32,30,IA-32,31,IA-32,32,IA-32,33,34,Operating Systems,1960s IBM OS/360,Honeywell Multics,Fernado Jose Corbat IEEE Computer Pioneer Award,1982ACM Turing Award,1990,35,Operating Systems,UnixBell Lab,DEC PDP-7,1969Ken Thompson,Dennis Ritchie,Doug Mcllroy,Joe Ossana1970 Brian Kernighan dubbed the system“Unix”Rewritten in C in 1973,announced in 1974BSD(UC,Berkeley),System V(Bell lab)Solaris(Sun Microsystem)Posix standard Ken Thompson,Dennis RitchieACM Turing Award,1983,36,Linux,1991,Linus TorvaldsUnix-like operating systems386(486)AT,bash(1.08),gcc(1.40)Posix complaint version of Unix operating systemAvailable on a wide array of computersFrom handheld devices to mainframe computerswristwatch,We have seen a bunch of Operating Systems,We have seen a bunch of Operating Systems,