汉译英专项训练PPT.ppt

TranslationThe 1st Week:,1.There is no time limitation in such classes so students can repeat exercises_(想要多少次都可以)参考答案 as many times as they need 详细解答 考查连接结构asas，表示“同一样达到某种程度”。2.The media are_(起着越来越重要的作用)in leading fashions and trend.参考答案 playing an increasingly important role。详细解答 要注意副词increasingly的用法。3._(这件夹克不但太大),the jacket doesnt match my trousers either.参考答案 Apart from being too large 详细解答 apart from在此相当于in addition to还有一个意思等同于except for。,4.Now that the cold war is over,we must begin to_(集中更多的精力来谋求世界和平).参考答案 concentrate more on world peace 详细解答 此处考查动词concentrate的用法。另外注意代词more的用法。5.She has got used to_(用吸管喝牛奶)though she is only two months old.参考答案 sucking milk through a straw 详细解答 此处used是形容词，表示“已适应，已习惯”，to后接名词或动名词形式。6.Depending on what you are looking for,you have to judge for yourself_(这些资料对你来说有多大的相关性）。参考答案 how relevant the material is for you 详细解答 此处考查how引起的宾语从句的用法，表示“多么，到何种程度”。7.Mary received unemployment compensation_(当她从工厂下岗后）。参考答案 when she was laid off from her factory 详细解答 此处考查动词短语lay off的用法。,8._(第一次也是最后一次)did I quarrel with my beloved parents.参考答案 For the first and last time 详细解答 此句为倒装结构。注意first和last的连用情况。9.True friendship foresees the needs of others_(而不是声明自己的要求).参考答案 rather than proclaims its own 详细解答 rather than意思相当于instead of。10.I tried every means to get a copy of her newly issued album,_(却没有得到).参考答案 but failed。详细解答 此处考查动词fail的用法。,第二周1.We dont laugh at_(那伙敢于尝试的人)no matter how many errors they make.参考答案 those who dare try 详细解答 此处考查定语从句的用法。注意情态动词dare的用法。2.America is frequently referred to as a throw-away society because_(大多数产品都是用过就扔的）参考答案 most products are made to use and then discard 详细解答 注意此处两个动词use和discard的用法。3.The Committee decided that a proposal_(应立即提交给国会).参考答案(should)be submitted to the state council immediately 详细解答 此处考查虚拟语气。另需注意动词submit的用法。4._(强迫证人作出对自身不利的证词)is against his constitutional rights.参考答案 Forcing a witness to testify against himself 详细解答 考察动词testify的用法。另注意动名词forcing的用法。5.Even if all government money for research were cut off,the force of competition_ _（仍将带来技术的进步）参考答案 would still bring about advances in technology。详细解答 此处考查虚拟语气。,6.Many private companies_(不得不宣布破产)when they begin to lose business to their competitors.参考答案 are forced to declare bankruptcy 详细解答 被动语态，非谓语动词注意动词declare的用法。7.I bought a large box of fast noodles thinking_(它能够我一个星期吃的).参考答案 it would last(me)the whole week 详细解答 考查动词last的用法，表示“足够维持”。8.Doctors use medical histories to help diagnose problems and_(为病人开出治疗处方）.参考答案 prescribe medical care for patients 详细解答 考查动词prescribe的用法.9._(他们最担心的)is their 30-year-old daughter who is still single.参考答案 what worries them most 详细解答 此处考查主语从句。同时考查动词worry的用法。10.Sometimes I fight for Mom and sometimes I fight for Dad,but I wish_(让我从中完全解脱出来）参考答案 they would leave me out of it completely。详细解答 此处考查虚拟语气。同时考查leave的用法。,第三周1.A lighted cigarette_(被扔出汽车或火车窗外)can start a fire.参考答案 thrown out of a car or train window。详细解答 此处考查动词的过去分词。2.It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene_(来搭救这几个幸存者）.参考答案 to rescue the survivors。详细解答 此处考查动词rescue的用法。It was not long before.表示“不久就”。3.The earthquake left thousands of people _(急需要医疗照顾）.参考答案 in urgent need of medical care。详细解答 空格处是句子的补语成分。注意形容词urgent的用法。4.There is_（无可否认）that he has directed the most popular films in ten years.参考答案 no denying the fact。详细解答 空格处是there be结构的主语成分，应该用动名词形式。5.We booked rooms at the hotel lest_(我们到达时没有空房).参考答案 we should find no vacancies on our arrival 详细解答 lest引导的状语从句中常用动词原形或should+动词原形，表示“惟恐，以防”的意思；“我们到达时”可以翻译成词组“on our arrival”。,6.I would never have_(告到法院)if I hadnt been so desperate.参考答案 resorted to a court of law 详细解答 resort to意为“求助于，诉诸于(某种不太好的手段)”，尤其是在没有别的办法的情况下，resort to 正与本题中说到的万般绝望的情况相符。7.It is high time that_(终止这种做法).参考答案 such practices were ended 详细解答 在lt is high time that结构中，that从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，以过去时表示现在时。8.The continuous rain_(推迟了小麦的收割)by two weeks.参考答案 set back the harvesting of the wheat crop 详细解答 本题考查词组set back，意为“阻碍，减缓进程”，set的过去式仍是原形；动名词短语the harvesting of the wheat crop做set back的宾语。9.Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night,no matter_(白天我们可能做什么).参考答案 what we may have done during the day 详细解答 no matter what引导含让步意义的从句，白天的行为应在晚上dream之前发生，所以用完成时表达，再加上语义要求是一种可能性，故“可能做什么”可翻译成may have done sth，表示对过去情况的不肯定猜测，而且此处情态动词may语义上具有让步功能，常用于让步状语从句中。10.Joe is not good at sports,but_(说到数学),he is the best in the class.参考答案 when it comes to mathematics 详细解答 when it comes to sth表示“说到、谈到某事”，用来引起另一个话题，本句从“运动”到“数学”，是话题的转换；从原句中其他部分可知此从句也应是一般现在时。,第四周1.Things might have been much worse if_(母亲当时坚持要求抚养孩子的权力).参考答案 the mother had insisted on her right to keep the baby 详细解答 主句“情态动词+动词完成式”的形式是对过去事实的虚拟，所以从句应该用过去完成时，表示与过去相反的假设，“坚持要求”可用词组“insist on sth”，故从句谓语翻译为“had insisted on”；“抚养孩子的权利”可翻译为“ones right to keep the baby”。2.It_(使你享受原价至少50%的折扣)of either frames or lenses when you buy both.参考答案 entitles you to at least 50 of the regular price 详细解答 本题考查固定表达entitle sbto sth意思是“给某人的权利或资格”，本句说到的折扣就是一种优惠；“原价的50”可以翻译为：50 of the regular price。(entitles you to 30%discount of the regular price)3.By the time he arrives in Beijing,_(我们就已在这里呆两天了).参考答案 we will have stayed here for two days 详细解答 by the time后接表示将来时间的词、短语或一个表将来动作的从句(如本题)时，主句要用将来完成时，表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作，故谓语动词应为“will have stayed”。4.He asked us to_(帮助实施他们的计划).参考答案 assist them in carrying through their plan 详细解答 本题考查两个固定搭配形式assist sbin doing sth意为“援助，帮助”；carry through意为“进行，贯彻，实施”。(help sb(to)do sth),5.Doctors warned against chewing tobacco_(代替吸烟).参考答案 as a substitute for smoking 详细解答 substitute意为“代替；代用品”，as a substitute for sth表示“作为的代用品”。6.But that_(当时他缺钱）,he could have come to help us.参考答案 he was short of money at the time 详细解答 but that意为“若不是”，主句表示假设条件的结果要用虚拟语气，而that从句表述的是事实情况，故从句中的动词用陈述语气；“缺钱”可以翻译为“be short of money”。7.Her sun-tanned face suggested that_(她很健康).参考答案 she was in excellent health 详细解答 suggest作“建议”讲，其后的从句需用虚拟语气，但当“暗示”讲时，其后从句需用陈述语气。此句suggest意为“暗示，表明”，故后面从句翻译应用陈述语气；“很健康”可翻译为：be in excellent health。,8.His wife is constantly_(挑他的毛病),which makes him very angry.参考答案 finding fault with him 详细解答 find fault with sb表示“挑某人的毛病”，是固定搭配；原文用现在进行时表示一般时，表达一定的主观感情，在原句表达的是一种“不耐烦生气”的感情。9.If only_(他愿意按我告诉的去做),but he wont.参考答案 he would do what I tell him 详细解答“if only”意为“但愿，要是就好了”，由if only引导的句子谓语动词需用虚拟语气，如果表示将来的愿望，用would+do/be，如果表示现在的愿望，用did/were，如果表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用had done/been，根据题干的后半部分，可知句子表示的是与将来事实相反的愿望。10.The British constitution is_(在很大程度上)a product of the historical events described above.参考答案 to a large extent 详细解答 to a large extent是固定搭配，意思是“在很大程度上”。,第五周1.Supposing_(你有出国的机会),where would you go?参考答案 you had the opportunity to go abroad 详细解答 supposing与providing等本身形式上是现在分词，但在功能上被视为连词，同if，only等一样可以引导虚拟条件句，本题就是由supposing引导的虚拟条件句，因为主句的时态是将来时态，故从句用过去式：had the opportunity。2.Do you think we may meet your ridiculous demand?Thats_(不可能的).参考答案 out of the question 详细解答 out of the question表示“不可能的，办不到的，不必谈的”，注意：out of question表示“毫无疑问”(=no doubt)。3.The millions of calculations involved,had they been done by hand,_(早已失去其实际价值了)by the time they were finished.参考答案 would have lost all practical value 详细解答 原句中had they been done by hand是一个因省略了if而倒装的虚拟条件句，该从句用的是过去完成时，表示与过去情况相反的假设，所以主句也应表示与过去情况相反的事实，用“would+have+过去分词”形式。4.She is a good girl:she never laughed at others,_(也不乱发脾气).参考答案 nor did she ever lose her temper 详细解答 句子前部分含有否定意义，需要翻译的句子也表示否定，故应用表示否定的nor(或neither)连接，且应当用倒装结构；“发脾气”翻译为“lose ones temper”。,5.There is_(没法进入)the house from the main road.参考答案 no access to 详细解答 access to sth意为“接近或进入某地的方法；通路”。6.Jack wishes that he_(学的是商务)instead of history when he was in university.参考答案 had been studying business 详细解答 wish引导的从句中谓语动词常用虚拟形式，表示一种与事实相反的愿望。如果是与现在相反的愿望，就用动词的一般过去时，如果表示与过去事实相反的愿望就用动词的过去完成时，与本身的时态无关。本句是表示与过去他在大学期间的事实相反的愿望，所以用过去完成时，由于“学习”(study)是在过去某时间段内持续进行的一项动作，故用过去完成进行时had been studying。7.The author of the report_(对医院中的问题非常熟悉)because he has been working there for many years.参考答案 is well acquainted with the problems in the hospital 详细解答 be acquainted with是固定搭配，意为“了解，熟悉”，且根据后面原因从句的现在完成进行时可知主句需用一般现在时。,8._(这个女孩接受教育)in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.参考答案 The girls being educated 详细解答 分析题干，句子谓语动词是was，但缺少主语，要求翻译的部分应该是非谓语动词形式。动名词复合结构作主语，由于the girl是被教育的对象，所以用被动语态，其逻辑主语用名词所有格。9.He_(向顾客让步了)and halved the price.参考答案 yielded to his customers 详细解答 yield to sb意为“屈服于，顺从”，又根据and后并列谓语的过去式可知翻译部分也应是过去时态。10.The bank is reported in the local newspaper_(被抢劫)in broad daylight yesterday.参考答案 to have been robbed 详细解答 It is reported that sbdoes sth常用来表示众人的观点，表示“据说，据报道”的含义。该句型相当于由动词不定式作主语补足语的sbis reported to do sth形式。如果不定式的动作和report动作同时发生，则用不定式的一般式，如果不定式动作先于report动作发生，则用不定式的完成式。本句中，抢劫的动作发生在报道之前，而且银行是抢劫的受动者，所以用不定式完成时的被动式。,第六周1.(万一)_the project not being a success,the investors stand to lose up to 30 million.参考答案 In the event of 详细解答 考查固定词组in the event of意为“万一倘若”。2.Although a teenager,Fred could resist_(别人告诉他该做什么)and what not to do.参考答案 being told what to do 详细解答 resist意为“抵抗，抵制”，后面要求跟名词或动名词，本句主语Fred是动词tell的受动者，所以应该是动名词的被动形式being told。3.The teacher_(清点了一下学生)as they got on the bus.参考答案 checked on each pupil 详细解答 check on意为“清点，查对”，由从句中的一般过去式可知主句的谓语也应是一般过去式。4.What a lovely party!Its worth_(铭记一生)参考答案 remembering all my life 详细解答 worth后可接名词或动名词，接动名词时，以主动语态表示被动的意思，故直接用remember的动名词形式。,5.I suggested he_(让他自己适应)his new conditions 参考答案 should adapt himself to 详细解答 adapt意为“使适应”，常用于adapt oneself to的搭配，意为“调整自己以适应”；另外，suggest 表示“建议”时后接的宾语从句中的谓语应用should+动词原形的结构。6.Anna was reading a piece of science fiction,completely_(忘却了外界的情况)参考答案 lost to the outside world 详细解答 分词短语可以作句子的状语，表时间、方式、伴随等状况。如果分词的动作是句子主语发出的，就用现在分词；如果是被动动作，就用过去分词。本句主句的主语是Anna，与lose之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词lost的形式，表示伴随的状态。7._(无论我们碰到什么问题),well help one another to overcome them.参考答案 Whatever problems we may come acrossrun into 详细解答 本题考查的是条件状语从句中whatever的用法。注意“碰到问题”常用come across或run into。,8.I suggested he should _(学会适应新的环境).参考答案 learn to adapt himself to the new condition 详细解答 本题考查的是动词短语adaptto的用法。I翻译时应该注意adapt后应该接反身代词oneself。9.Mikes uncle insists_(不要呆在这个宾馆里).参考答案 on not staying in this hotel 详细解答 本题考查的是动词短语insist on的用法，应注意on后面应该接动名词形式。10.He always did well at school_(尽管时不时要做兼职工作).参考答案 in spite of having to do part-time jobs now and thenthough he has to do part-time jobs now and then 详细解答 本题考查的是让步状语从句的用法和固定短语now and then。,第七周1.With_(气温下降得如此之快),we couldnt go on with the experiment.参考答案 the temperature falling so quickly 详细解答 本题考查的是伴随状语，with后应该接动名词形式。2.I dont mind_(你推迟作决定)as long as it is not too late.参考答案 your delaying the decisionyour delayingmaking the decisionyour putting off making the decision.详细解答 本题考查的是动词mind的用法，后面应该用动名词形式；另外还考查“推迟”的译法。3.Without proper lessons,you could_(沾染上很多坏习惯)when playing the piano.参考答案 pick up a lot of bad habits 详细解答 本题考查的是动词短语“沾染”的译法。,4.In a sudden burst of anger,the man _(撕碎了手边的一切物品).参考答案 tore up everything within reach 详细解答 本题考查的是动词短语“撕碎”以及“手边的”的用法，同时注意时态。5._(天一变黑)than she realized it was too late to go home.参考答案 No sooner had it become dark 详细解答本题考查的是状语从句no soonerthan句型倒装的用法，应注意no sooner后一定要用过去完成时。6.By the time you get to New York，I_(该已经动身往伦敦去了)参考答案 will have left for London 详细解答本题考查的是时态和动词固定短语“动身前往”的用 法。注意此处by the time后面应该用将来完成时态。7.Sometimes children have trouble _(把事实和想像区分开来)and may believe that such things actually exist 参考答案 separating the fact from the fiction 详细解答 本题考查的是动词固定短语“have trouble doing”的用法，同时“区分A和B”可以用separate A from B来表达。,8.There was a big hole in the road which_(耽搁了路上交通)参考答案 held up the road traffic 详细解答 本题考查的是动词固定短语“耽搁”的译法，注意时态。9.None of us _(预料到他会出现)at the partyWe thought he was still in hospital 参考答案 expected that he would turn up 详细解答 本题考查的是动词固定短语“出现”的用法，注意时态。10.The boy spent_(同样的时间)watching TV as he did studying 参考答案 as much time 详细解答 本题考查的是句子结构“asas”的用法。,第八周1.The shop assistant was dismissed as she_(被指控欺骗顾客).参考答案 was charged with cheating the customers 详细解答 本题考查的是语态和动词固定短语“指控”的用法。charge与with搭配表示“指控”。此外，charge还常被考查其“收费”的意思，用法为 charge sbsome money for(doing)sth意为“因(做了)某事而收某人一笔钱”，如：The driver charged me￥20 for taking me to the airport司机把我送到机场，收了我20元。2.Anna_(彻底地沉浸在)reading a piece of science fiction and didnt hear the phone call.参考答案 was completely lost in 详细解答 本题考查的是动词固定短语“沉浸在”的被动语态表达法，注意时态后文是didnt。所以答案应该是过去时。3._(由于激烈竞争)among the airlines,travel expenses have reduced dramatically.参考答案 Owing to fierce competition 详细解答 本题考查的是表示客观原因的短语“由于”和短语“激烈竞争”的译法。,4.They always give the vacant seats to_(谁先来的那个人).参考答案 whoever comes first/the person who comes first 详细解答 本题考查的是 whoever(=the person who)作为代词的用法。5.Our manager is_(拜访一位重要客户)now and he will be back this afternoon.参考答案 calling on/visiting a very important customer 详细解答 本题考查的是现在进行时和动词短语“拜访”的用法。6.He said that the driver must have had an accident;otherwise he_(当时应该已经到了).参考答案 should have arrived then 详细解答 本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。关键词otherwise(否则)提醒考生这里应该用虚拟语气，对过去的假设应该用情态动词+完成时。7.Urban crowdedness _(将大大地缓解)if only the fees charged on public transport were more reasonable.参考答案 would be greatly relieved 详细解答 本题考查的是虚拟语气及动词短语“缓解”的用法。关键词 if only(假如)表示条件，是虚拟语气的标志。,8.Showing some sense of humor can be an _(对付紧张情形的有效方法).参考答案 effective way to deal withcope withhandle stressful situations 详细解答 本题要求补全表语，考查动词短语“对付”的译法。此外，由于前面的冠词为an，所填的第一个词应该以元音开头，即“有效的”用effective表达。9.We can accept your order on condition that_(你提前付款).参考答案 you pay in advance 详细解答 本题考查的是条件状语从句及介词固定短语“提前”的用法。10.In India more than one hundred languages are spoken,of which only fourteen _(被认为是官方语言).参考答案 are recognizedconsidered as official(ones)详细解答 本题考查的是被动语态及固定短语“被认为”的用法。此处应注意动词需用复数形式。,第九周1.They_(被拒绝进入)the military exhibition because they were foreigners.参考答案 were denied the admission towere denied the entry into 详细解答 本题考查的是被动语态及动词 固定短语“被拒绝”的用法。应该注意动词deny后可以直接加名词。2.I must_(祝贺你)the excellent design of the new bridge.参考答案 congratulate you on 详细解答 本题考查的是固定短语“祝贺某人”的用法。表示“因 而祝贺”，应该用介词on。3.Small as it is,the ant is _(同样是)a creature as are all other animals on earth.参考答案 as much 详细解答 本题考查的是句子结构“asas”的用法，此处much表示程度。4.I_(印象深刻)the efficiency of the work done in the company.参考答案 had a deep impression ofwas deeply impressed by 详细解答 本题考查的是动词固定短语“对某 人印象深刻”的用法。注意不同结构中介词的区别。5.Mass advertising helped to_(转移重点)from the production of goods to their consumption.参考答案 shift emphasistransfer emphasis 详细解答 本题考查的是动词固定短语“转移”的译法，同时注意emphasis为不可数名词。,6.The room is in a terrible mess；it_(肯定没打扫过)参考答案 cant have been cleaned 详细解答 本题考查如何表达对过去动作的猜测。如果是对过去事实的肯定推测(一定是做了)，是用must have done，对此类意义的否定用cant have done。所以 本题结合被动态应是cant have been cleaned。辨析一下其他情态动词完成式所表达的意义：can(could)have done本能够(对过去事实 的判断)；can(would)not have done不可能做了(表达对过去事实的疑问)；should(not)ought to(ought not to)have done本不应做(表达后悔、责备语气)；may(might)(not)have done也许(没)做了(表示对过去事实的推测)；will(would)have done表示对完成 动作的虚 拟看法；neednt have done本不必(表示对过去事实的个人看法)。7.The new regulations for the sector_(即将实施)参考答案 are to be put into effect 详细解答 本题关键在于动词短语“实施”be put into effect的运用。此外，将来时可用be to do结构。8.Much_(尽管他非常喜欢她)，he does not get annoyed with her sometimes 参考答案 as he likes her 详细解答 本题需要翻译一个让步状语从句。让步状语从句通常用although，though，even though，as，no matter wh-一等引导。这道题实际上已经规定了用as来引导从句。as引导让步状语从句，要求从句的主谓倒装，如：Much as I would like to stay，I really must go homeYoung as he was，he finished the task alone,9.When he realized the police had spotted him，the man made_(尽快朝出口走去)参考答案 for the exit as quickly as possible 详细解答 本题考查动词短语的运用。从题面看，主句中已不缺谓语动词，但